List of rulers of Thrace and Dacia

This article lists rulers of Thrace and Dacia, and includes Thracian, Paeonian, Celtic, Dacian, Scythian, Persian or Ancient Greek up to the point of its fall to the Roman empire, with a few figures from Greek mythology.

Mythological^[1]

• Haemus, became a mountain Haemus Mons
• Thrax, son of Ares
• Tegyrios, mortal
• Eumolpus, inherited a kingdom from Tegyrios
• Oeagrus, father of Orpheus and Linus
• Orpheus^[2] of the Cicones
• Tereus, the king that was turned into a hoopoe^[3]
• Phineus, Phoenician son of Agenor, blind king and seer^[4]
• Poltys, son of Poseidon^[5]
• Pyreneus, died trying to harm the Muses
• Harpalykos,^[6] king of the Amymnaeans
• Thoas, founder of Thoana
• Mopsus, killed Myrine, an amazon queen
• Peirous, a Thracian war leader^[7] killed by Thoas the Aetolian
• Rhesus of Thrace, died in the Trojan war^[8]
• Cisseus, father of Theano, the wife of Antenor
• Diomedes of Thrace, Giant that ruled over the Bistones
• Lycurgus, of the Edoni
• Polymestor of the Bistonians^[9]
• Zalmoxis of the Getae "This Zalmoxis lived many years before Pythagoras (569–475 BC)" Herodotus [55]
• Charnabon of the Getae, who came into power when grain was first given to men^[10] mentioned by Sophocles^[11]
• Pyraechmes of the Paeonians
• Asteropaios of the Paeonians

Persian

• Darius I, Persian Satrapy named Skudra by 516 BC^[12]
• Darius I, Thrace is resubjucated by Mardonius at 492 BC
• Xerxes I, retains Thrace from 486 BC to 479 BC

Tribal kings

• Olorus, 5th century BC^[13]
• Syrmus, king of the Triballi^[14] 4th century BC
• Bergaios, petty king of Pangaeum
• Dromichaetes, of the Getae 300 BC
• Langarus, of the Agrianes
• Pleuratus, a Thracian or Illyrian king that attacked Tylis 213–208 BC
• Diegylis, chieftain of the Caeni extremely bloodthirsty 145 BC
• Zibelmius Ziselmius or Zisemis, Diegylis' son
• Mostis, of the Caeni, king ~ 130 BC – ~ 90 BC
• Abrupolis of the Sapaeans, 2nd century BC
• Rabocentus^[15] of the Bessi mentioned by Cicero
• Cosingas,^[16] chieftain and priest of Hera to the tribes of Cebrenii and Sucaeboae
• Getas, king^[17][18] of the Edones

Paeonian

• See: List of Paeonian kings

Celtic

• Cerethrius^[19]
• Critasirus, a Celt^[20]
• Cavarus,^[21] the last king of Tylis
• Bathanatos^[22][23] of the Scordisci

Macedonian

• Philip II of Macedon, annexed Thrace, 341–336 BC
• Alexander the Great retains Thrace and suppresses rebellion, 335–323 BC
• Lysimachus, one of the Diadochi, includes Thrace in his kingdom, 323–281 BC^[24][25]
• Philip V of Macedon controls all cities of Thrace up to the hellespont,^[26] 238–179 BC
• Perseus of Macedon continues controlling the part of Thrace his father left him, 212–166 BC

Odrysae

It should be noted that Thracian kings (and some of the Getae^[27]) were the first to be Hellenized.^[28] Odrysian kings though called Kings of Thrace never exercised sovereignty over all of Thrace.^[29] Control varied according to tribal relationships.^[30]

• Teres I, 460 BC^[31] – 445 BC
• Sparatocos, son of Teres I, 450–431 BC
• Sitalces or Sparatocos, son of Teres I, 431–424 BC
• Seuthes I, son of Sparatokos 424–410 BC^[32]
• Amadocus I, son of Sitalkes or of Metokos,^[33] 408–389 BC
• Seuthes II, son of Maisades, son of Sparatokos, 405–387 BC
• Hebryzelmis, son of Seuthes I, 387–383 BC
• Cotys I, son of Seuthes I or of Seuthes II, 384–359 BC
• Cersobleptes, son of Cotys I, in eastern Thrace, deposed, 359–341 BC
• Berisades, in western Thrace, 359–352 BC
• Amatokos II, son of Amatokos I, in middle Thrace, 359–351 BC
• Cetriporis, son of Berisades, in western Thrace, 356–351 BC
• Teres II son of Amatokos, in middle Thrace, deposed, 351–342 BC
• (Ruled by Macedon, 341–331 BC)
• Seuthes III, son of Kotys I, 331–300 BC
• Kotys II, son of Seuthes III, 300–280 BC
• Raizdos (possibly the same as Roigos, below), son of Cotys II?, 280–? BC
• Kotys III, son of Raizdos, 270 BC
• Raiskoyporis, son of Kotys III, 240–215 BC
• Seuthes IV, son of Raiskoyporis I, 215–190 BC
• Pleuratus,^[34] a Thracian or Illyrian king that attacked Tylis, 213–208 BC
• Roigos (possibly the same as Raizdos, above), son of Seuthes IV?
• Amatokos III, son of Seuthes, IV 184 BC
• Cotys IV, son of Seuthes IV, 171–167 BC

Astaean line

• Teres III, son of Amatokos III, 149 BC
• Beithys, son of Cotys IV, 140–120 BC
• Cotys V, son of Beithys, 120–? BC
• Sadalas I, son of Cotys V, 87–79 BC
• Cotys VI, son of Sadalas I, 57–48 BC
• Sadalas II, son of Cotys VI, 48–42 BC
• Sadalas III, son of Sadalas II, 42–31 BC
• Cotys VII, son of Sadalas II, 31–18 BC
• Rhescuporis II, son of Cotys VII, and Rhascus, 18–11 BC

Thrace became a client state of Rome in 11 BC.

Scythian

• Spargapeithes,^[35] king of the Agathyrsi

Sapaean^[33]

• Cotys I, son of Rhoemetalces, ?–48 BC
• Rhescuporis I, son of Cotys I, 48 BC–41 BC
• Cotys II, son of Rhescuporis I, 42 BC–15
  • Thrace becomes a client state of Rome at 11 BC^[36]
• Rhoemetalces I, son of Cotys II, 15 BC–12
• Rhescuporis II, son of Cotys II, in western Thrace, deposed, 12–19
• Cotys III, son of Rhoemetalces I, in eastern Thrace, 12–19
• Rhoemetalces II, son of Cotys III and Tryphaena, 19–38
• Rhoemetalces III, son of Rhescuporis II, with his cousin-wife Pythodoris II 38–46
  • 46 annexation by the Roman Empire, by Roman Emperor Claudius

Getic and Dacian

Herodotus called the Getae "the noblest as well as the most just of all the Thracian tribes."

• Charnabon, king currently ruling over the Getae as mentioned by Sophocles in Triptolem - 5th century BC
• Rex Histrianorum, ruler in Histria, mentioned by Trogus Pompeius and Justinus - 339 BC
• Cothelas,^[37] father of Meda of Odessa – 4th century BC
• Dual – 3rd century BC
• Rhemaxos^[38] – around 200 BC^[39]
• Moskon – 3rd century BC
• Dromichaetes^[40] – 3rd century BC
• Zalmodegicus^[41][42] – the end of 3rd century BC
• Rubobostes^[43] – 2nd century BC
• Oroles^[44] – 2nd century BC
• Dicomes^[45] – 1st century BC
• Rholes^[46] – 1st century BC
• Dapyx^[47] – 1st century BC
• Cotiso^[48] – 1st century BC
• Zyraxes^[49] – 1st century BC
• Burebista^[50] – 82–44 BC
• Deceneus^[51] – 44 BC – around 27 BC (hypothetical),High Priest
• Comosicus^[52] – 44–28 BC
• Scorilo^[52]
• Coson^[53]
• Duras^[53] – 68–87
• Decebalus^[54] – 87–106
  • 106 AD, Dacia becomes a province of the Roman Empire conquered by Trajan.
• Pieporus, king of Dacian Costoboci – 2nd century AD (inscription)^[55][56]
• Tarbus – 2nd century AD. Dio Cassius mentioned him without specifying his origin. Some authors consider a possible Dacian ethnicity^[57][58]
• Regalianus
• Thiamarkos

See also

• Odrysian kingdom
• Sapaeans
• Paeonia
• List of ancient Cities in Thrace
• List of ancient tribes in Thrace
• List of rulers of Illyria
• List of ancient Cities in Illyria
• List of ancient tribes in Illyria

Notes

References

• The Histories, translated by G. C. Macaulay, Barnes & Noble, Inc., 2004.

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