List of rulers of Prome

History of Burma

Prehistory 11,000–200 BCE Pyu city-states 200 BCE–1050 CE (Sri Ksetra, Tagaung) Mon kingdoms 825?–1057 Arakanese kingdoms 788?–1406
Pagan Dynasty 849–1297 Early Pagan 849–1044 Warring states period Upper Burma 1297–1555 Myinsaing and Pinya 1297–1364 Sagaing 1315–64 Ava 1364–1555 Prome 1482–1542 Ramanya 1287–1539, 1550–52 Shan states 1215–1563 Arakan 1429–1785 Toungoo Dynasty 1510–1752 Toungoo Empire 1510–99 Nyaungyan Restoration 1599–1752 Restored Hanthawaddy 1740–57 Konbaung Dynasty 1752–1885
British colonial period 1824–1948 Anglo-Burmese wars 1824–85 Nationalist movement 1900–48 Japanese occupation 1942–45
Modern era 1948–present Union of Burma 1948–62 Socialist Republic 1962–88 Union of Myanmar 1988–2010 Political reforms 2011–12
Timeline List of capitals Leaders Royal chronicles Military history

This is a list of rulers of Prome (Pyay) from the end of Pagan period to the beginning of Restored Toungoo Dynasty of Burma (Myanmar). Strategically located at the border of the Hanthawaddy Kingdom, the city of Prome (Pyay) was governed closely by the central government throughout the Small Kingdoms period (1287–1555). Unlike in other locations, the high kings at Ava by and large did not allow hereditary viceroyship at Prome. A new governor, usually a senior prince close to the royal family, was appointed. The arrangement broke down in 1482 when the Prome Kingdom gained independence from Ava. In the early 17th century, Restored Toungoo kings abolished then existing hereditary viceroyships throughout the entire Irrawaddy valley.^{[note 1]} After Pye Min, the office became strictly an appointed mayoralty, with the title of the office changed to wun (mayor/minister) from hitherto prevalent titles min (viceroy) or ne-sa (governor).^[1]

List of rulers

The following list is per the standard Burmese chronicles Maha Yazawin and Hmannan Yazawin, unless otherwise noted.^[2]^[3] The Yazawin Thit chronicle reports a slightly different list; most notably, it does not accept that Crown Prince Minye Kyawswa was governor between 1415 and 1416.^[4]

Name	Term From	Term Until	Relationship to predecessor(s)	Overlord	Notes
Thihathu I	1275^{[note 2]}	1288	Appointed	Narathihapate (1275–87)	In revolt (1287–88)
Kyaswa^{[note 3]}	1289	1323	Younger brother	Kyawswa (1289–97) Myinsaing brothers (1297–1310) Thihathu (1310–23)	Minister Pizzawta, not Kyaswa, was governor according to Yazawin Thit
Saw Yan Naung	1323	1377^{[note 4]}	Appointed	Thihathu (1323–25) Pinya kings (1325–64) Thadominbya (1364–67) Swasawke (1367–77)	Son of Thihathu of Prome and elder brother of Swasawke of Ava
Myet-Hna Shay	1377	1388	Nephew	Swasawke
Htihlaing	1388	1393	Appointed	Swasawke
Letya Pyanchi	1393	1415	Appointed	Swasawke (1393–1400) Tarabya (1400) Minkhaung I (1400–05)
Sokkate	1415	1415 (3 months)	Appointed	Minkhaung I
Minye Kyawswa I	1415^{[note 5]}	1416	Appointed	Minkhaung I	Minye Kyawswa Saw Shet Khet, not the crown prince, per Yazawin Thit
Thihathu II	1416	1419	Appointed	Minkhaung I
Minye Kyawswa II	1419	1425	Appointed	Minkhaung I (1419–21) Thihathu (1421–25)	aka Saw Shwe Khet
Min Maha	1425	1429	Appointed	Min Hla Nge (1425) Kale Kyetaungnyo (1425–26) Mohnyin Thado (1426–29)	Reappointed to be governor of Sagaing
Thihathu III	1429	25 April 1442	Appointed	Mohnyin Thado (1429–1439) Minyekyawswa (1439–42)	Later known as King Narapati I of Ava
Minye Kyawswa III	25 April 1442	January 1446	Appointed	Narapati I	Brother-in-law of Narapati I; Reappointed to be governor of Tharrawaddy
Mingyi Swa	January 1446	1482	Appointed	Narapati I (1446–1468) Thihathura I (1468–1480) Minkhaung II (1480–82)
Thado Minsaw	1482	1526	Son of Narapati of Ava	None	Independent
Bayin Htwe	1526	c. December 1532	Son	None	Independent
Narapati	c. December 1532	c. February 1539	Son	Thohanbwa	Vassal of Confederation of Shan States
Minkhaung	c. February 1539	19 May 1542	Brother	Thohanbwa	Vassal of Confederation of Shan States
Thado Dhamma Yaza I	19 May 1542	30 August 1551	Appointed	Tabinshwehti (1542–50)	Nanny of Tabinshwehti; In revolt (1550–1551)^[5]
Thado Dhamma Yaza II	30 August 1551	Nov/Dec 1588^[6]	Appointed	Bayinnaung (1551–81) Nanda (1581–1588)	Younger brother of Bayinnaung
Thado Dhamma Yaza III	28 February 1589^[7]	17 September 1597^[8]	Appointed	Nanda (1588–1594)	Son of Nanda; in revolt (1595–97)
Yan Naing	17 September 1597	13 July 1608^[9]	Usurper	None	Independent; Taken to Ava as POW
Thado Dhamma Yaza IV	2 November 1620^[10]	9 July 1628	Appointed	Anaukpetlun (1620–28)	Later known as King Thalun
Udein Kyawhtin	June 1630^[11]	1648?	Appointed	Thalun
Pye Min	13 September 1650	3 June 1661	Appointed	Pindale

Notes

↑ See (Hmannan Vol. 2 2003: 214–216) and (Maha Yazawin 2006: 163–165) for Prome's leadership changes during the Pinya and Ava periods. See (Lieberman 2003: 161–162) for abolishing of hereditary viceroyships.
↑ Per scholarship (Yazawin Thit Vol. 1 2012: 326, footnote 1). Both standard chronicles Maha Yazawin (Maha Yazawin Vol. 2 2006: 163) and Hmannan (Hmannan Vol. 2 2003: 214) state that the city of Prome was reestablished by Thihathu of Prome, a son of Narathihapate, in 604 ME (1242/1243 CE). However, Thihathu could not have founded the city in 1242/1243 since his father Narathihapate was born only in 1238. Scholarship gives 1275.
↑ Per standard chronicles. The Yazawin Thit chronicle (Yazawin Vol. 1 2012: 326) states that Minister Pizzawta was appointed governor by King Kyawswa.
↑ Chronicle reporting is inconsistent. (Hmannan Vol. 2 2003: 241) says Saw Yan Naung died in 739 ME (1377/78 CE). However, (Hmannan Vol. 1 2003: 416) says Saw Yan Naung died in 747 ME (1385/86), before the start of Forty Years' War.
↑ Both Maha Yazawin (Maha Yazawin Vol. 2 2006: 163) and Hmannan Yazawin (Hmannan Vol. 2 2003: 214) state that Minye Kyawswa was governor for 9 months before he was called back to Ava to be appointed heir apparent. But the chronicles' narrative is inconsistent with their own reporting (Hmannan Vol. 1 2003: 471) which says Minye Kyawswa was appointed heir apparent in 1406/1407. Maha Yazawin in particular was egregiously inconsistent; (Maha Yazawin Vol. 2 2006: 163) says Minye Kyawswa was governor of Prome between 1415 and 1416 even though it (Maha Yazawin Vol. 2 2006: 39) also says the crown prince died on 13 March 1415. The Yazawin Thit chronicle (Yazawin Thit Vol. 1 2012: 326) corrects Maha Yazawin's inconsistent narrative, saying that the Minye Kyawswa who was governor in 1415–16 was Saw Shwe Khet, who would again be appointed governor between 1419 and 1425. But Hmannan rejects Yazawin Thit's correction. Instead, Hmannan changes the death date of Minye Kyawswa to two years later, 24 March 1417.

References

↑ Hmannan Vol. 3 2003: 271–272
↑ Maha Yazawin Vol. 2 2006: 163–165
↑ Hmannan Vol. 2 2003: 214–216
↑ Yazawin Thit Vol. 1 2012: 326
↑ Maha Yazawin Vol. 2 2006: 197
↑ (Hmannan Vol. 3 2003: 88): Natdaw 950 ME = 19 November 1588 to 17 December 1588
↑ (Hmannan Vol. 3 2003: 88): 14th waxing of Tabaung 950 ME = 28 February 1599
↑ (Hmannan Vol. 3 2003: 119): 6th waxing of Thadingyut 959 ME = 17 September 1597
↑ (Hmannan Vol. 3 2003: 148): 1st waxing of Wagaung 970 ME = 13 July 1608
↑ (Hmannan Vol. 3 2003: 183–184): Monday, 9th waxing of Tazaungmon 982 ME = 2 November 1620
↑ (Hmannan Vol. 3 2003: 201): Waso 992 ME = 10 June 1630 to 9 July 1630

Bibliography

Kala, U (1724). Maha Yazawin Gyi (in Burmese) 1–3 (2006, 4th printing ed.). Yangon: Ya-Pyei Publishing.
Lieberman, Victor B. (2003). Strange Parallels: Southeast Asia in Global Context, c. 800–1830, volume 1, Integration on the Mainland. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-80496-7.
Royal Historical Commission of Burma (1829–1832). Hmannan Yazawin (in Burmese) 1–3 (2003 ed.). Yangon: Ministry of Information, Myanmar.

List of rulers of Prome

List of rulers

See also

Notes

References

Bibliography