List of rulers of Milan
The following is a list of rulers of the Duchy of Milan from the 13th century to 1859, when Milan and the rest of Lombardy were incorporated into the Kingdom of Sardinia after the Second Italian War of Independence.
| Name | Began Reign | Ended Reign | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|
| Lords of Milan, houses of della Torre (also known as Torriani) and Visconti | |||
| Pagano I della Torre | 1240 | 1247 | |
| Pagano II della Torre | 1247 | 1257 | |
| Manfredi Lancia | 1253 | 1256 | |
| Martino della Torre | 1257 | 1259 | |
| Oberto Pallavicino | 1259 | 1264 | |
| Filippo della Torre | 1263 | 1265 | |
| Napoleone della Torre | 1265 | 1277 | |
| Ottone Visconti, Archbishop of Milan | 1277 | 1294 | |
| Matteo I Visconti | 1294 | 1302 | grand-nephew of Ottone |
| Guido della Torre | 1302 | 1311 | |
| Matteo I Visconti | 1311 | 1322 | restored |
| Galeazzo I Visconti | 1322 | 1327 | son of Matteo |
| Azzone Visconti | 1327 | 1339 | son of Galeazzo I |
| Luchino Visconti | 1339 | 1349 | brother of Galeazzo I and uncle of Azzone |
| Giovanni Visconti | 1349 | 1354 | brother of Galeazzo I and Luchino |
| Bernabò Visconti | 1354 | 1385 | nephew of Galeazzo I, Luchino and Giovanni, son of Stefano |
| Galeazzo II Visconti | 1354 | 1378 | nephew of Galeazzo I, Luchino and Giovanni, son of Stefano |
| Matteo II Visconti | 1354 | 1355 | nephew of Galeazzo I, Luchino and Giovanni, son of Stefano |
| Gian Galeazzo I Visconti | 4 August 1378 | 1 May 1395 | son of Galeazzo II |
| Dukes of Milan, rulers of the Duchy of Milan | |||
| Gian Galeazzo I Visconti | 1 May 1395 | 3 September 1402 | |
| Gian Maria Visconti | 3 September 1402 | 16 May 1412 | son of Gian Galeazzo; assassinated |
| Filippo I Maria Visconti | 12 June 1412 | 13 August 1447 | brother of Gian Maria |
| Ambrosian Republic 14 August 1447 – 25 March 1450 | |||
| Francesco I Sforza | 25 March 1450 | 8 March 1466 | married a daughter of Filippo Maria |
| Galeazzo III Maria Sforza | 20 March 1466 | 26 December 1476 | son of Francesco |
| Gian Galeazzo II Sforza | 26 December 1476 | 22 October 1494 | son of Galeazzo Maria |
| Ludovico Sforza | 22 October 1494 | 2 September 1499 | son of Francesco |
| Louis XII of France | 6 September 1499 | 5 February 1500 | grandson of Valentina, daughter of Gian Galeazzo Visconti |
| Ludovico Sforza | 3 February 1500 | 10 April 1500 | (restored) |
| Louis XII of France | 17 April 1500 | 16 June 1512 | restored |
| Massimiliano Sforza | 16 June 1512 | 8 October 1515 | son of Lodovico |
| Francis I of France | 11 October 1515 | 19 November 1521 | son-in-law and cousin of Louis XII of France |
| Francesco II Sforza | 19 November 1521 | 3 October 1524 | son of Lodovico, brother of Massimiliano |
| Francis I of France | 23 October 1524 | 24 February 1525 | restored |
| Francesco II Sforza | 26 February 1525 | 1 November 1535 | restored |
| Spanish Rule 1540–1706 | |||
| Philip II of Spain | 11 October 1540 | 13 September 1598 | After the death of Francesco II, claimed by emperor Charles V as an imperial fief for his son. |
| Philip III of Spain | 13 September 1598 | 31 March 1621 | son of Philip II |
| Philip IV of Spain | 31 March 1621 | 17 September 1665 | son of Philip III |
| Charles II of Spain | 17 September 1665 | 1 November 1700 | son of Philip IV |
| Philip V of Spain | 1 November 1700 | 24 September 1706 | great-grandson of Philip IV |
| Austrian Rule 1706–1800 | |||
| Charles VI, Holy Roman Emperor | 12 January 1707 | 20 October 1740 | great-grandson of Philip III |
| Maria Theresa | 20 October 1740 | 29 November 1780 | daughter of Charles VI |
| Joseph II, Holy Roman Emperor | 29 November 1780 | 20 February 1790 | son of Maria Theresa |
| Leopold II, Holy Roman Emperor | 20 February 1790 | 1 March 1792 | brother of Joseph II |
| Francis II, Holy Roman Emperor | 1 March 1792 | 9 May 1796 | son of Leopold II |
| Transpadane Republic 15 November 1796 – 29 June 1797 | |||
| Cisalpine Republic 29 June 1797 – 29 April 1799 | |||
| Francis II, Holy Roman Emperor | 29 April 1799 | 29 April 1800 | (restored) |
| Cisalpine Republic (restored) 29 April 1800 – 26 January 1802 | |||
| President of the Italian Republic (Italian: Repubblica Italiana) | |||
| Napoleon Bonaparte | 26 January 1802 | 18 March 1805 | |
| King of Italy (Italian: Regno d'Italia) | |||
| Napoleon I | 18 March 1805 | 28 April 1814 | |
| Eugène de Beauharnais | 18 March 1805 | 28 April 1814 | Viceroy for Napoleon I |
| Kings of Lombardy-Venetia (Italian: Regno Lombardo–Veneto) | |||
| Franz I of Austria | 7 April 1815 | 2 March 1835 | previously Duke of Milan |
| Archduke Anton Victor of Austria | 7 March 1816 | January 1818 | Viceroy for Franz I |
| Archduke Rainer Joseph of Austria | January 1818 | 2 March 1835 | Viceroy for Franz I |
| Ferdinand I of Austria | 2 March 1835 | 2 December 1848 | son of Franz I |
| Archduke Rainer Joseph of Austria | 2 March 1835 | May 1848 | Viceroy for Ferdinand I |
| Count Joseph Radetzky von Radetz | 6 August 1848 | 2 December 1848 | Viceroy for Ferdinand I |
| Franz Joseph of Austria | 2 December 1848 | 10 November 1859 | nephew of Ferdinand I |
| Count Joseph Radetzky von Radetz | 2 December 1848 | 6 September 1857 | Viceroy for Franz Joseph |
| Archduke Maximilian of Austria | 6 September 1857 | 20 April 1859 | Viceroy for Franz Joseph |
| Count Ferencz Gyulai | 20 April 1859 | 8 June 1859 | Viceroy for Franz Joseph |
| Heinrich Hermann Josef Freiherr von Heß | 8 June 1859 | 1 August 1859 | acting viceroy for Franz Joseph |
See also
- List of Governors of the Duchy of Milan
- List of mayors of Milan
- List of consorts of Milan
Bibliography
- Cappelli, Adriano. Cronologia Cronografia e Calendario Perpetuo (Milano, Hoepli, 1998 ISBN 88-203-2502-0)