List of quarter tone pieces
A selection of compositions using quarter tones:
A
B
- Concert Variations for solo euphonium;[1] "each variation is based on different performance techniques of the instrument, including quarter-tones"[2]
- Çoǧluotobüsişletmesi for four pianos.[3] "in which four of the 12 pitches of the chromatic scale are tuned a quarter tone flat"[4] The notes, B, D, E, and F-sharp on the keyboard are lowered in tuning by a quarter tone in all octaves.
- ...until' version 7 for guitar (1980)[5]
- Concerto for Quarter Tone Piano and Quarter Tone Strings (1930)[6]
- String Quartet No. 6; the third movement Burletta contains quarter-tone tuning used for parodistic effect.[7] Quarter tones are also used in Bartók's ballet The Miraculous Mandarin.[8][9]
- Sonata for Solo Violin; the fourth movement Presto contains quarter-tones, but they are not "structural features."[10][11] This movement also calls for third-tones.
- Violin Concerto no. 2; the cadenza in the final movement requires the use of quarter-tones, but only as an effect.[11][12]
- Blurred Lines for violin and harpsichord (1997)[13][14]
- Quarter-Tone Quartet, Op. 20[15]
- Chamber Concerto, for violin, piano, and 13 winds.[16]
- E vó (1972).[11]
- Twelve Microtonal Etudes: "24 Notes: Moderato" (1980)[17]
- Piano Quintet No. 1 (1923); the first movement features use of quarter-tones in the string parts.[11][18]
- Prelude (2002), for two pianos tuned one quarter-tone apart.
- Two pieces for string quartet (2002–2003); sporadic quarter-tone alterations.
- Chemins fermés (2003), for 4 violins, cello and double-bass; extensive use of quarter-tone alterations (in the Iannis Xenakis tradition).
- Etude (2013), for the dissonArt ensemble; use of quarter-tone alterations in string and wind writing.
- Polyphonie X (1951).[19]
- Le visage nuptial (1946).[11]
C
- Capricho for piano in quarter-tones (1959)[20]
- Capricho for solo viola in quarter-tones (1926)[20]
- Casi-sonatas 1-6 for solo violin, viola or cello in quarter-tones (c.1960s)[20]
- Concertino in quarter-, eighth- and sixteenth-tones for violin, cello and harp with orchestra (1926)[20]
- Concerto for 1/4-tone and 1/8-tone cello and orchestra (1958)[20]
- Concerto No. 1 for quarter-tone violin and orchestra (1963)[20]
- Concerto No. 2 for quarter-tone violin and orchestra (1964)[20]
- Mass for Pope John XXIII for male chorus in quarter-tones (1920s)[20]
- Preludio a Cristobol Colón for vocalizing soprano, octavina, flute, harp, violin, and guitar (1922)[20]
- Serenata for cello in quarter-tones with English horn, harp, and string quartet (1927)[20]
- 70 estudios for solo violin in quarter-tones (c. 1927?) {also for solo viola, cello, or double-bass}[20]
- Sonata for solo guitar in quarter-tones (c.1924)[20]
- Sonata (Amanecer en Berlin 13) for solo harp in quarter-tones (1931)[20]
- Sonata casi fantasia for violin, violoncello and guitar in quarter-, eighth- and sixteenth-tones (1925)[20]
- String Quartet in quarter-tones (c.1924) {There are also 7 others with some using smaller intervals.}[20]
- Suite for solo guitar in quarter-tones (1960)[20]
- 3 estudios en forma de sonatina for solo violin in quarter-tones (1927)[20]
- Symphony No. 1 (Colombia) for orchestra in quarter-tones (c.1924)[20]
- Symphony No. 2 (Colombia) for orchestra in quarter-tones (1926)[20]
- Vitebsk (1928).[11]
- Chiaroscuro for two pianos tuned a quarter tone apart (1997)[11][21]
- Xanadu for two pianos tuned a quarter tone apart (ca. 1930)[11]
- Dirge for two pianos tuned a quarter tone apart,[22] published in New Music quarterly (January 1937)[23]
- Dirge for violin and piano (1937)
- Rumba for two pianos tuned a quarter tone apart (ca. 1937)[24]
D
- Reminiscences, 1971 for two pianos, one tuned a quarter-tone lower.[25]
E
- Sonority Movement, for flute and nine harps.[26]
- Soundtrack score for A Simple Plan features "very specific quarter tone detunings coming off the Emulator".[27]
- Electric Bath[28]
F
- Galaxe [Galaxy] (For 3 Quarter-Tone Guitars), Opus 46.[29]
- Lux Subtilissima (2005), "Consort Musicke" set for microtonal string quartet[30] (1/4 and 1/6 tones are used)
- En la soledat i el silenci (2007-2008), for hyper-tempered 13-string koto and guitar[30](quarter-tones are used)
G
- Soundtrack score for Alien features quarter-tones
- Quaternion for cello quartet, two of the cellos are tuned down a quarter tone[31][32]
- Music for Flute, Strings, and Percussion, the strings are divided into two sections, one of which is tuned a quarter-tone lower than the other.[33]
- Garten von Freuden und Traurigkeiten for flute, harp, and viola includes a quarter-sharp and three-quarter-sharp at one point in the piece.
- In Erwartung for quartet of saxophones and six percussionists includes quarter-tone and three-quarter tone accidentals in saxophone parts.
- Hommage à T. S. Eliot, microintervals are used in the parts of bassoon and clarinet
H
- Velinikka, concerto for quarter tone accordion (2008)[34]
- 3 Hommages, for piano player on two pianos tuned a quarter tone apart[35]
- "Hommage à Steve Reich" (1982)
- "Hommage à György Ligeti" (1984)
- "Hommage à Josef Matthias Hauer" (1982)
- Children's Play for unaccompanied youth chorus, Op.43 (1932)
- Chor-Suite for unaccompanied chorus, Op. 13 (1922)
- 5 Choruses for unaccompanied youth chorus, Op. 42 (1932)
- 5 Mixed Choruses, Op. 44 (1932)
- Detské nálady (Children's Moods), 8-song cycle for mid-ranged voice and quartertone guitar, Op.51 (1943)
- Fantasy No. 1 for quartertone piano, Op. 17 (1923)
- Fantasy No. 2 for quartertone piano, Op. 19 (1924)
- Fantasy No. 3 for quartertone piano, Op. 20 (1924)
- Fantasy No. 4 for quartertone piano, Op. 25 (1925)
- Fantasy No. 5 for quartertone piano, Op. 26 (1925)
- Fantasy No. 6 for quartertone piano, Op. 27 (1926)
- Fantasy No. 7 for quartertone piano, Op. 28 (1926)
- Fantasy No. 8 for quartertone piano, Op. 29 (1926)
- Fantasy No. 9 for quartertone piano, Op. 30 (1926)
- Fantasy No. 10 for quartertone piano, Op. 31 (1926)
- Fantasy No. 11 for quartertone piano, Op. 89 (1959)
- Fantasy for unaccompanied violin, Op. 9a (1921)[20]
- Fantasy for unaccompanied violoncello, Op. 18 (1924)
- Fantasy for violin and quartertone piano, Op. 21 (1925)[20]
- Fantasy for viola and quartertone piano, Op. 32 (1926)
- Fantasy for violoncello and quartertone piano, Op. 33 (1927)
- Já (I) for unaccompanied men's chorus, Op. 36 (1928)
- Matka (The Mother), quartertone opera in 10 scenes, Op. 35 (1927-29)[20]
- Poesie zivota (Poetry of Life), 12-song cycle for soprano and quartertone guitar, Op. 53 (1943)
- Pracující den (The working day) for unaccompanied male voices, Op. 45 (1932)
- Solo for violin Op. 93 (1961-62)[20]
- Sonata for quartertone piano, Op. 62 (1946-47)[20]
- String Quartet No. 2 ("In quarter-tone system"), Op. 7 (1920)[20]
- String Quartet 3 ("In quarter-tone system"), Op. 12 (1922)
- String Quartet 4 ("In quarter-tone system"), Op. 14 (1922)
- String Quartet 6 ("In quarter-tone system"), Op. 70 (1950)
- String Quartet No. 12 ("In quarter-tone system"), Op. 90 (1959-60)[20]
- String Quartet 14 ("In quarter-tone system"), Op. 94 (1963)
- Suite No. 1 for quartertone piano, Op. 10 (1922, revised in 1932 as Op. 11a)
- Suite No. 2 for quartertone piano, Op. 11 (1922, revised in 1932 as Op. 11b)
- Suite No. 3 for quartertone piano, Op. 16 (1923)
- Suite No. 4 for quartertone piano, Op. 22 (1924)
- Suite No. 5 for quartertone piano, Op. 23 (1925)
- Suite No. 6 for quartertone piano, Op. 88 (1957-59)[20]
- Suite for clarinet and quartertone piano, Op. 24 (1925)[20]
- 1st Suite for quartertone guitar, Op. 54 (1943)
- 2nd Suite for quartertone guitar, Op. 63 (1947)
- Suite for clarinet (unaccompanied), Op. 55 (1943)
- Suite for quartertone trumpet and trombone, Op. 56 (1944)
- Suite in quartertones for 4 trombones, Op. 72 (1950)[20]
- Prométhée enchaîné (1849)[36]
- Acid Bach Suite for quartertone-tuned synthesizer[37]
- Quarter Dollar Tones for solo cello[38]
- The Song of R'lyeh for violin octet[39]
- Grigri for saxophone quartet[40]
- Dans le délire de l'inutile for alto saxophone and piano[41]
- String Quartet No. 5 (1962).[11]
- O Lord, Bless Thy Mountains, Op. 276, for two pianos tuned a quarter tone apart (1974)[11][42]
I
- Quarter-Tone Pieces (3), for two pianos, one tuned a quarter-tone sharp, S. 128 (K. 3C3) (1923-1924)[43][44]
J
K
- String Quartet No. 2 (1931) - lost or withdrawn?
- Symphony No. 4 Das Testament (1972)
- Duo for Violin and Viola in the 1/4 tone system (1939-40)
- Hyperchromatic Counterpoint for quarter-tone accordion and 5.0 surround tape (2006-2009)
L
- "Divination By Mirrors for Saw and Strings" (1998). Two string groups tuned a quarter-step apart with a musical saw soloist playing in both pitch universes.
- Clocks and Clouds for 12-voiced women's choir and orchestra.[45]
- Quartet No. 2 for strings.[46]
- Ramifications for 12 solo strings (1968-69), divided into two groups tuned a quarter-tone apart.[47][48][49][50][51][52]
- Sonata for Solo Viola, includes 1/4, 1/6, and 1/8 tones.[53]
- Prélude, op. 12 #2 for quarter-tone piano (1912)
M
- Street Cries (11.10.83) for solo Bb clarinet features extensive use of quarter tones in all three movements.[54]
- Soundtrack score for Wait Until Dark (1967) features extensive use of quarter-tones including two pianos tuned a quarter-tone apart[55]
- The Night Visitor[56]
- Indigenous Instruments[57]
- On All Fours[57]
- Deux monodies en quarts de ton (1938).[58]
N
O
- Circles Mostly in Wood, a quarter-tone wind quintet in five movements (2002)[59]
- Fair and Balanced, a quarter-tone saxophone quartet[60] in four short movements (2004)
P
- Emanations (Emanacje, 1959) for two string orchestras tuned a semitone apart
- Passio et mors Domini nostri Jesu Christi secundum Lucam {St Luke Passion (Penderecki)} (1966)
- Threnody to the Victims of Hiroshima, for string orchestra, frequently makes use of quarter tones.[61]
- Symphony No. 1 (1973), heavily quarter-tone, including clusters.
Q
R
- Prélude for Strings
- Suite for Unaccompanied Violin, op. 6 (1938)
- Septet for clarinet, two trombones, violin, viola, cello, and doublebass, op. 9 (1938)
- Suite for 10 Strings (4 vn, 3 va, 2, vc, db), op. 10 (1938)
- Duo for Violin and Cello, op. 11 (1938)
- Quartet for 4 trombones (performed at the ISCM World New Music Days in 1939, composed earlier?)
- Soundtrack score for Sybil (1976) features quarter-tones
S
- Piano Quintet
- Natural Selections (String Quartet No. 2) (2009/10): restricted to open strings and octave harmonics
- Zwei Konzertstücke, Op. 26, 1906[62]
- Pietà, for soprano, quarter-tone flugelhorn, and electronic music, from the opera Dienstag aus Licht[63]
- Schlagquartett, for piano and 3 x 2 timpani (1952)[64]
- Prélude
- Suite, Op. 56, No. 1 Mode Bayati: mijana-errêdde-hida-ala'mayyem-oumi thaddare ya Zêna-'al yadi
- Suite, Op. 56, No. 2 Mode Huzam: marmar zamani-al'of mach'al-ya hnayyina-a'rrozana-ya laylu'ssabi-meshta'erja'adday'a
- Suite, Op. 59, No. 1 Mode Iraqi: takassim-remmanâ ya habibi-Idi widak'al wadi-ah ya asmar el lawn-bouzzoulof-ya ghzayel
- Remmanâk yâ habîbi
- Jamlo
- Sâfar Zamâni
- Idi w'iadk 'al wadi
- Ala 'mayyam
- Yal laylous'sabi
- Bellazi askar
- Suite populaire libanaise en ré rast, Op. 17, for string quartet
- Fantaisie orientale en ☺ré saba, Op. 52. for cello
- Suite en la bayali, Op. 80, for solo violin
- Quatre morceaux, for voice and piano, Op. 44
T
- Bryce (1976).[11]
- The Angelus (words by Dennis Corbett) for baritone & quartertone piano or keyboard
- Hot Cross Buns for quarter-tone pianos
- Little Pieces for quarter-tone piano[65]
- Quartertone Carol for high voice with alto, tenor, and bass recorders
- Quartertone Lullabies 1 and 2 for alto, tenor, and bass recorder
- Quartertone Lullaby 3 (Midnight Microtone) for alto recorder, flute, and clarinet
- Quartertone Recorder Duets[65]
- Romanza for solo recorder.[66][67]
- Sarabande: Dance for Miriam Cooper, for microtonal harpsichord (1986)[68]
- Sonata No. 1 for Solo Recorder ("The Bullfinch").[67][69]
- Vigils 1 and 2 for quarter-tone organ
U
V
W
- Quatre fragments, for 2 pianos in quarter tones (2nd version), Op. 5 (1918)
- Chant douloureux et étude, for violin & piano, Op. 6 (1918)[70]
- Méditation sur deux thèmes de la Journée de l'existence, for cello & piano, Op. 7 (1918–1919)
- L'Évangile Rouge, cycle for voice & 2 pianos in quarter tones (2nd version), Op. 8 (1918–1920)
- Chants sur Nietzsche (2), for baritone & 2 pianos in quarter tones, Op. 9 (1923)
- Variations sur la note Do, for 2 pianos in quarter tones, Op. 10 (1918–1920)
- Chant nocturne, for violin & 2 pianos in quarter tones, Op. 11 (1927)
- Dithyrambe, for 2 pianos in quarter tones, Op. 12 (1923–1924, revised vers. by Bruce Mather, 1991)
- String Quartet No. 1, Op. 13 (1923-1924)
- Chœurs (2, words by A. Pomorsky), for mixed choir, 4 pianos in quarter tones & percussions, Op. 14 (1926)
- Prélude et fugue sur un chant de l'Évangile rouge, for quartertone piano, version for string quartet (lost), Op. 15 (1927)
- Prélude et danse, for 2 pianos in quarter tones, Op. 16 (1926)
- Ainsi parlait Zarathoustra, symphonie, for 4 pianos in quarter tones (sketches for orchestration in Bibliothèque Nationale, Paris), Op. 17 (1929–1930, revised 1936, Ed. L'Oiseau-Lyre)
- String Quartet No 2, Op. 18 (1930–1931)
- Études de concert(2), for 2 pianos in quarter tones, Op. 19 (1931)
- Étude en forme de scherzo, for 2 pianos in quarter tones, Op. 20 (1931)
- Prélude et fugue, for 2 pianos in quarter tones, Op. 21 (1932)
- Pièces (2), for 2 pianos in quarter tones, without Op. (1934)
- Premier fragment symphonique, for 4 pianos in quarter tones, Op. 23a; for orchestra, Op. 23c (1934, orch. vers. 1967)
- Deuxième fragment symphonique, for 4 pianos in quarter tones, timpani & percussions, Op. 24 (1937)
- Poème, for 2 pianos in quarter tones, without Op. (1937)
- Linnite, pantomime in 1 act & 5 scenes, for 3 voices & 4 pianos in quarter tones, Op. 25 (1937)
- Préludes dans tous les tons de l'échelle chromatique diatonisée à 13 sons (24), for 2 pianos in quarter tones, Op. 22 (1934, rev. 1960)
- À Richard Wagner, for baritone & 2 pianos in quarter tones, Op. 26 (1934)
- Acte chorégraphique, for bass-baritone, mixed choir, 4 pianos in quarter tones, percussions & ad. lib. instruments (viola, clarinet in C & balalaika), Op. 27 (1937-1940)
- Cosmos, for 4 pianos in quarter tones, Op. 28 (1939–1940)[71]
- Chants russes (2), for bass-baritone & 2 pianos in quarter tones, Op. 29 (1940–1941)
- Troisième fragment symphonique, for 4 pianos in quarter tones & ad. lib. percussions, Op. 31 (1946)
- Fugues (2), for 2 pianos in quarter tones, Op. 32 (1951)
- Variations sans thème et conclusion (5), for orchestra, Op. 33 (1951–1952)[72]
- Sonate en un mouvement, for viola & 2 pianos in quarter tones, Op. 34 (1945–1959)
- Transparence I, for Onde Martenot & 2 pianos in quarter tones, Op. 35 (1953)
- Quatrième fragment symphonique, for 4 Ondes Martenot & 4 pianos in quarter tones, Op. 38c (1956)
- Polyphonies spatiales, for piano, harmonium, Ondes Martenot, percussion & string orchestra, Op. 39 (1956)
- Études sur les densités et les volumes, for 2 pianos in quarter tones, Op. 39b (1956)
- Dialogue à deux, for 2 pianos in quarter tones, Op. 41 (1958–1973)
- Dialogue, for 2 pianos in quarter tones, 8 hands, without Op. (1959)
- Composition en quarts de ton for string quartet Op. 43 (1960)
- Études sur les mouvements rotatoires, for 2 pianos in quarter tones, 8 hands, Op. 45a; for chamber orchestra, Op. 45c (1961)
- Composition II, for 2 pianos in quarter tones, Op. 46b (1960)
- Transparence II, for Onde Martenot & 2 pianos in quarter tones, Op. 47 (1962–1963)
- Intégrations, for 2 pianos in quarter tones, Op. 49 (1962)
- L'Éternel Étranger, opera, for voices, mixed choir, 4 pianos in quarter tones, percussions and orchestra (unfinished orchestration), Op. 50 (1940-1960)
- Symphonie en un mouvement, for orchestra, Op. 51b (1969)
- Composition, for Ondes Martenot quartet, Op. 52 (no date)
- String Trio, Op. 53 (1979, unfinished, completed by Claude Ballif)
- Trauergesang, Epigrammen, Ein Stück, for quartertone piano, without Op. (undated, found by M. Smolka in Alois Hába's archives in 1992)
X
Y
- Six Sonatas for Solo Violin, Op. 27 (1924), Nos 3 & 5[73]
Z
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Notes
- ↑ Saito 2008, p. 12.
- ↑ "Concert Variations", JanBach.com.
- ↑ Op de Coul 2012. "Uses quarter tones."
- ↑ Clements 2008.
- ↑ Couture, François. "...until... - Clarence Barlow", AllMusic.com.
- ↑ Gagné 2012, p. 26.
- ↑ Read 1990, p. 51.
- ↑ Somfai 1996, p. 269.
- ↑ Bayley 2001, p. 168.
- ↑ Riley 1996, p. 275.
- ↑ 11.0 11.1 11.2 11.3 11.4 11.5 11.6 11.7 11.8 11.9 11.10 Gagné 2012, 217.
- ↑ Read 1990, p. 52.
- ↑ Johnston 2013.
- ↑ Michaels 2013.
- ↑ Skinner 2007, p. vii.
- ↑ Read 1964, pp. 143–44.
- ↑ Skinner 2007, p. 45.
- ↑ Read 1990, p. 58.
- ↑ Boulez 1986, 129–31.
- ↑ 20.0 20.1 20.2 20.3 20.4 20.5 20.6 20.7 20.8 20.9 20.10 20.11 20.12 20.13 20.14 20.15 20.16 20.17 20.18 20.19 20.20 20.21 20.22 20.23 20.24 20.25 20.26 20.27 20.28 Read 1990, p. 2.
- ↑ Latham 2008, p. 11.
- ↑ Hinson 1983, p. 42.
- ↑ Couper 1937.
- ↑ Saffle 2000, p. 230.
- ↑ Hinson 1983, pp. 52–53.
- ↑ "The nine harps are divided into three groups of three and tuned in sixth-tones, and the flute plays in quarter-steps". Keislar 1991, p. 185.
- ↑ Lanser and Monahan [1999].
- ↑ "At some point, he outfitted his entire trumpet section with four-valved trumpets whose additional valve allowed them to play quarter-tones" (Oteri 2004, n. 12).
- ↑ Anon. 2011.
- ↑ 30.0 30.1 Forlivesi 2010.
- ↑ Anon. 2001, p. 347.
- ↑ Anon. 2007, p. 106.
- ↑ Kurtz, Brown, and Lohmann 2007, p. 232.
- ↑ Ahola 2012.
- ↑ "Georg Friedrich Haas: 3 Hommages", UniversalEdition.com.
- ↑ Macdonald 2001.
- ↑ Gann 1999.
- ↑ Quarter Dollar Tones: Scores at the International Music Score Library Project
- ↑ The Song of R'lyeh: Scores at the International Music Score Library Project.
- ↑ Grigri: Scores at the International Music Score Library Project
- ↑ Dans le délire de l'inutile: Scores at the International Music Score Library Project
- ↑ Rosner and Wolverton 2001.
- ↑ Pappastavrou 1974.
- ↑ Sherwood 2002, pp. 123–26.
- ↑ Steinitz 2003, p. 201. However, Duchesneau 2011, p. 135 states that Ramifications is Ligeti's "only work in quarter tones".
- ↑ Steinitz 2003, p. 183. However, Duchesneau 2011, p. 135 states that Ramifications is Ligeti's "only work in quarter tones".
- ↑ Clendinning 1993, p. 219.
- ↑ Duchesneau 2011, p. 135.
- ↑ Griffiths 2001.
- ↑ Roig-Francolí 1995, p. 244.
- ↑ Steinitz 2003, pp. 179–80.
- ↑ Toop 1999, pp. 134–35.
- ↑ Duchesneau 2011, p. 135 states that Ramifications is Ligeti's "only work in quarter tones".
- ↑ Richards 1992, .
- ↑ Benedetti, Michael, and Bernie 2004, p. 134.
- ↑ Brown 1994, pp. 177–78.
- ↑ 57.0 57.1 Froom 1994, p. 135.
- ↑ Gagné 2012, p. 172.
- ↑ Oteri, Frank J. "Circles Mostly in Wood", NewMusicUSA.org.
- ↑ "Who We Are", NewMusicBox.org.
- ↑ He et al. 2006,.
- ↑ Benson 2007, p. 228.
- ↑ Brotbeck 2004, pp. 56–57.
- ↑ "Konträr-Klangräume: 6 Pauken, deren Stimmung ganztönig, und zur Klavierstimmung vierteltönig verschoben". Stockhausen 1964, p. 15.
- ↑ 65.0 65.1 Hansen 2005, 285.
- ↑ "An arrow head pointing down over a note lowers it approximately a quarter step". Tucker 1970, 7.
- ↑ 67.0 67.1 "Both pieces require performing techniques not encountered in traditional music for recorder. The most striking is the production of quarter-tones, notated as pitches in the chromatic scale to be lowered slightly. Charts provided by the composer give fingering for all half- and quarter-tones from the low f' up to a precarious c''''". Hettrick 1971.
- ↑ "'V' over a tone lowers it a quartertone … 'V' below a group of tones lowers that group a quartertone". Tucker 1986, 2–3.
- ↑ "An arrow head pointing down over a note lowers it approximately a quarter step". Tucker 1970, 4.
- ↑ Anon 1997, p. 921.
- ↑ Maxwell 1993, p. 103.
- ↑ Read 1990, p. 76.
- ↑ Ysaÿe 1924, pp. 24, 26, 39, and 43.
References
- Ahola, Anu. 2012. "Sampo Haapamäki: Quarter-Tone Miracle Man". Suomalaisen Musiikin Tiedotuskeskus/Finnish Music Information Centre (FIMIC) (Accessed 12 April 2013).
- Anon. 1997. Schwann Opus. 8 (2). p. 921.
- Anon. 2001. [untitled?]. International Record Review 2.
- Anon. 2007. [untitled ]. BBC Music Magazine 15, nos. 7-13:.
- Anon. 2011. "Elektrofoni: Works For Micro Intervallic Guitar 1965–1978: Bjørn Fongaard" (CD track listing). Allmusic.com (Accessed 15 November 2011).
- Bayley, Amanda. 2001. The Cambridge Companion to Bartók. Cambridge and New York: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-66958-0.
- Benedetti, Robert, Brown Michael, and Laramie Bernie. 2004. Creative Postproduction. ISBN 978-0-205-37575-2.
- Benson, David J. 2007. Music: A Mathematical Offering. ISBN 978-0-521-85387-3.
- Boulez, Pierre. 1986. "The System Exposed". In Orientations: Collected Writings by Pierre Boulez, edited by Jean-Jacques Nattiez, translated by Martin Cooper, 129–42. Cambridge: Harvard University Press. ISBN 0-674-64375-5.
- Brotbeck, Roman. 2004. "Anmerkungen zur Pietà". In Internationales Stockhausen-Symposion 2000: LICHT. Musikwissenschaftliches Institut der Universität zu Köln, 19. bis 22. Oktober 2000. Tagungsbericht, edited by Imke Misch and Christoph von Blumröder, 51–60. Münster: Lit-Verlag. ISBN 3-8258-7944-5.
- Brown, Royal S. 1994. Overtones and Undertones. ISBN 978-0-520-08320-2.
- Clements, Andrew. 2008. "Barlow: Works for Piano and Player Piano (Cybele)" (record review). The Guardian (23 October).
- Clendinning, Jane Piper. 1993. "The Pattern-Meccanico Compositions of György Ligeti". Perspectives of New Music 31, no. 1 (Winter): 192–234.
- Couper, Mildred. 1937. Dirge, for 2 Pianos, Second Piano Tuned One Quarter Tone Higher Than the First. New Music 10, no. 2 (January): 4–12.
- Duchesneau, Louise. 2011. "'Play It Like Bill Evans': György Ligeti and Recorded Music". In György Ligeti: Of Foreign Lands and Strange Sounds, edited by Louise Duchesneau and Wolfgang Marx, 125–48. Woodbridge: Boydell Press. ISBN 978-1-84383-550-9.
- Forlivesi, Carlo. 2010. "List of Works". Carlo Forlivesi Official Website. Bologna: www.alya.it/forlivesi.
- Froom, David. 1994. American Composers: The Emerging Generation. ISBN 9783718655298
- Gagné, Nicole V. 2012. Historical Dictionary of Modern and Contemporary Classical Music. Historical Dictionaries of Literature and the Arts. Lanham, MD: Scarecrow Press. ISBN 978-0-8108-6765-9 (cloth); ISBN 978-0-8108-7962-1 (ebook).
- Gann, Kyle. 1999. "Sound Bytes of Truth", VillageVoice.com (Tuesday, 6 July).
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