List of protected areas of the Philippines

This is a list of protected areas of the Philippines administered by the Department of Environment and Natural Resources' Biodiversity Management Bureau under the National Integrated Protected Areas System (NIPAS) Act of 1992. As of 2012, there are 240 protected areas in the Philippines covering a total area of 35,700 square kilometers – 11.9% of the Philippines' total land area.^[1]

History

The first important legislation that formed the basis of the current system of national parks and protected areas in the Philippines is the Philippine Commission Act No. 648 enacted in 1903 by the US Congress. This act authorized the Civil Governor to "reserve for civil public purposes, and from sale or settlement, any part of the public domain not appropriated by law for special public purposes." ^[2]

A total of eight national reserves had been established in July 26, 1904 pursuant to this law. These are: Lamao Forest Reserve in Bataan, Mariquina Reserve in Rizal, Angat River Reserve in Bulacan, Caliraya Falls Reserve in Laguna, La Carlota Reserve in Negros Occidental, San Ramon Reserve in Zamboanga, Magalang Reserve in Pampanga, and Hacienda San Antonio in Isabela.^[3] In the same year, the Forest Act of 1904 (Act No. 1148) was adopted that expanded the scope of protected areas in the Philippines.^[4] Among the first of such mountain forest reserves to be declared was Mount Maquiling declared in November 21, 1910.^[5]

On February 1, 1932, the National Parks Act (Act No. 3195) was enacted that formally established the national parks system in the country.^[6] Mount Arayat became the first national park in the Philippines established in June 27, 1933 following this act.

A series of acts and legislations were passed in the next decades that aimed to further strengthen these policies, including the Revised Forestry Code of 1975 (Presidential Decree No. 705) and Forest Administrative Order No. 7. Following the 1987 Constitution, the National Integrated Protected Areas System Act was enacted which further enhanced the administration and classification of protected areas, and broadened the mandate of the Department of Environment and Natural Resources in enforcing its provisions.

Classification

Protected areas in the Philippines are managed according to the following classifications described in Section 4 of the National Integrated Protected Areas System Act of 1992 (NIPAS Act).

National Parks

National parks refer to forest reservations essentially of natural wilderness character which have been withdrawn from settlement, occupancy or any form of exploitation except in conformity with approved management plan and set aside as such exclusively to conserve the area or preserve the scenery, the natural and historic objects, wild animals and plants therein and to provide enjoyment of these features in such areas.

Natural Parks

Natural parks are relatively large areas not materially altered by human activity where extractive resource uses are not allowed and maintained to protect outstanding natural and scenic areas of national or international significance for scientific, educational and recreational use.

Name	Location	Area	Established
Apo Reef	Mindoro Occidental	7004157920000000000♠15,792 !15,792 ha 39,023 acres	1996
Balinsasayao Twin Lakes	Negros Oriental	7003801605000000000♠8,016.05 !8,016.05 ha 19,808 acres	2000
Bicol	Camarines Norte-Camarines Sur	7003520100000000000♠5,201 !5,201 ha 12,850 acres	2000
Bongsanglay	Masbate	7002244720000000000♠244.72 !244.72 ha 605 acres	2000
Bulusan Volcano	Sorsogon	7003367200000000000♠3,672 !3,672 ha 9,074 acres	2000
Kalbario-Patapat	Ilocos Norte	7003380000000000000♠3,800 !3,800 ha 9,390 acres	2007
Lake Danao	Leyte	7003219300000000000♠2,193 !2,193 ha 5,419 acres	1998
Mahagnao Volcano	Leyte	7002635000000000000♠635 !635 ha 1,569 acres	1998
Mayon Volcano	Albay	7003577570000000000♠5,775.70 !5,775.70 ha 14,272 acres	2000
Mount Apo	Davao del Sur-Cotabato	7003363274000000000♠3,632.74 !3,632.74 ha 8,977 acres	2007
Mount Balatukan Range	Misamis Oriental	7003842300000000000♠8,423 !8,423 ha 20,814 acres	2007
Mount Guiting-Guiting	Romblon	7004152654800000000♠15,265.48 !15,265.48 ha 37,722 acres	1996
Mount Inayawan Range	Lanao del Norte	7003363274000000000♠3,632.74 !3,632.74 ha 8,977 acres	2007
Mount Isarog	Camarines Sur	7004101123500000000♠10,112.35 !10,112.35 ha 24,988 acres	2002
Mount Kalatungan Range	Bukidnon	7004212477300000000♠21,247.73 !21,247.73 ha 52,504 acres	2000
Mount Kanlaon	Negros Occidental-Negros Oriental	7004243880000000000♠24,388 !24,388 ha 60,264 acres	1997
Mount Kitanglad Range	Bukidnon	7004312351900000000♠31,235.19 !31,235.19 ha 77,184 acres	1996
Mount Malindang	Misamis Occidental	7004346940000000000♠34,694 !34,694 ha 85,731 acres	2002
Northern Negros	Negros Occidental	7004804545000000000♠80,454.50 !80,454.50 ha 198,807 acres	2002
Northern Sierra Madre	Isabela	7005359486000000000♠359,486 !359,486 ha 888,309 acres	1997
Northwest Panay Peninsula	Aklan-Antique	7004120092900000000♠12,009.29 !12,009.29 ha 29,676 acres	2002
Pasonanca	Zamboanga del Sur	7004121070000000000♠12,107 !12,107 ha 29,917 acres	1999
Samar Island	Eastern Visayas	7005333300000000000♠333,300 !333,300 ha 823,602 acres	2003
Sibalom	Antique	7003551147000000000♠5,511.47 !5,511.47 ha 13,619 acres	2000
Tubbataha Reef	Palawan	7004970300000000000♠97,030 !97,030 ha 239,766 acres	2010

Natural Monuments

A natural monument is a relatively small area focused on protection of small features to protect or preserve nationally significant natural features on account of their special interest or unique characteristics.

Name	Location	Area	Established
Bessang Pass	Ilocos Sur	7002693320000000000♠693.32 !693.32 ha 1,713 acres	2000
Chocolate Hills	Bohol	7004141450000000000♠14,145 !14,145 ha 34,953 acres	1997
Salinas	Nueva Vizcaya	7003667556000000000♠6,675.56 !6,675.56 ha 16,496 acres	2000
Timpoong and Hibok-Hibok	Camiguin	7003222762000000000♠2,227.62 !2,227.62 ha 5,505 acres	2004

Protected Landscape

Protected landscapes/seascapes are areas of national significance which are characterized by the harmonious interaction of man and land while providing opportunities for public enjoyment through recreation and tourism within the normal lifestyle and economic activity of these areas.

Name	Location	Area	Established
Aliwagwag	Davao Oriental-Compostela Valley	7004104913300000000♠10,491.33 !10,491.33 ha 25,925 acres	2011
Amro River	Aurora	7003647108000000000♠6,471.08 !6,471.08 ha 15,990 acres	2000
Baganga	Davao Oriental	7002114880000000000♠114.88 !114.88 ha 284 acres	2000
Bigbiga	Ilocos Sur	7002135710000000000♠135.71 !135.71 ha 335 acres	2000
Buenavista	Quezon	7002284270000000000♠284.27 !284.27 ha 702 acres	2000
Calbayog-Pan-as-Hayiban	Samar	7003783200000000000♠7,832 !7,832 ha 19,353 acres	1998
Casecnan	Cagayan Valley-Aurora	7004888468000000000♠88,846.80 !88,846.80 ha 219,545 acres	2000
Central Cebu	Cebu	7004290620000000000♠29,062 !29,062 ha 71,814 acres	2003
Dinadiawan River	Aurora	7003337133000000000♠3,371.33 !3,371.33 ha 8,331 acres	2000
Hinulugang Taktak	Rizal	7000320000000000000♠3.20 !3.20 ha 8 acres	2000
José Rizal Memorial	Zamboanga del Norte	7002439000000000000♠439 !439 ha 1,085 acres	2000
Libunao	Ilocos Sur	7001467000000000000♠46.70 !46.70 ha 115 acres	2000
Lidlidda	Ilocos Sur	7003115744000000000♠1,157.44 !1,157.44 ha 2,860 acres	2000
Magapit	Cagayan	7003340362000000000♠3,403.62 !3,403.62 ha 8,411 acres	2000
Mainit Hot Springs	Compostela Valley	7003137400000000000♠1,374 !1,374 ha 3,395 acres	2000
Manleluag Spring	Pangasinan	7003193517000000000♠1,935.17 !1,935.17 ha 4,782 acres	2004
Mati	Davao Oriental	7002914260000000000♠914.26 !914.26 ha 2,259 acres	2005
Maulawin Spring	Quezon	7002149010000000000♠149.01 !149.01 ha 368 acres	2000
Mimbilisan	Misamis Oriental	7001660000000000000♠66 !66 ha 163 acres	1999
Mounts Banahaw-San Cristobal	Quezon-Laguna	7004109005900000000♠10,900.59 !10,900.59 ha 26,936 acres	2009
Mount Mantalingajan	Palawan	7005120457000000000♠120,457 !120,457 ha 297,656 acres	2009
Mount Matutum	South Cotabato	7004156000000000000♠15,600 !15,600 ha 38,548 acres	1995
Mounts Palay-Palay–Mataas-na-Gulod	Cavite-Batangas	7003397313000000000♠3,973.13 !3,973.13 ha 9,818 acres	2007
Mount Timolan	Zamboanga del Sur	7003199480000000000♠1,994.80 !1,994.80 ha 4,929 acres	2000
Pamitinan	Rizal	7002600000000000000♠600 !600 ha 1,483 acres	1996
Quezon	Quezon	7002938000000000000♠938 !938 ha 2,318 acres	2003
Quirino	Quirino	7005164364460000000♠164,364.46 !164,364.46 ha 406,153 acres	2005
Rajah Sikatuna	Bohol	7004104526000000000♠10,452.60 !10,452.60 ha 25,829 acres	2000
Roosevelt	Bataan	7002786040000000000♠786.04 !786.04 ha 1,942 acres	2000
Santa Lucia	Ilocos Sur	7002174160000000000♠174.16 !174.16 ha 430 acres	2000
Simbahan-Talagas	Aurora	7003226649000099999♠2,266.49 !2,266.49 ha 5,601 acres	2000
Taal Volcano	Batangas	7004622921400000000♠62,292.14 !62,292.14 ha 153,927 acres	1996
Talaytay	Aurora	7003352629000000000♠3,526.29 !3,526.29 ha 8,714 acres	2000
Upper Marikina River Basin	Rizal	7004261256400000000♠26,125.64 !26,125.64 ha 64,558 acres	2011

Protected Landscape and Seascape

Name	Location	Area	Established
Agoo-Damortis	La Union	7004105132999900000♠10,513.30 !10,513.30 ha 25,979 acres	2000
Alburquerque-Loay-Loboc	Bohol	7003116416000000000♠1,164.16 !1,164.16 ha 2,877 acres	1999
Aliguay Island	Zamboanga del Norte	7003119189000000000♠1,191.89 !1,191.89 ha 2,945 acres	1999
Apo Island	Negros Oriental	7002691450000000000♠691.45 !691.45 ha 1,709 acres	1994
Baliangao	Misamis Occidental	7002295000000000000♠295 !295 ha 729 acres	2000
Batanes	Batanes	7005213578000000000♠213,578 !213,578 ha 527,763 acres	1994
Biri Larosa	Northern Samar	7004334920000000000♠33,492 !33,492 ha 82,761 acres	2000
Cuatro Islas	Leyte	7004125000000000000♠12,500 !12,500 ha 30,888 acres	2000
Dumanquilas	Zamboanga del Sur	7004259480000000000♠25,948 !25,948 ha 64,119 acres	1999
Great and Little Santa Cruz Islands	Zamboanga del Sur	7003187700000000000♠1,877 !1,877 ha 4,638 acres	2000
Guiuan	Eastern Samar	7004604480000000000♠60,448 !60,448 ha 149,370 acres	1994
Initao-Libertad	Misamis Oriental	7002800450000000000♠800.45 !800.45 ha 1,978 acres	2002
Mabini	Compostela Valley	7003610600000000000♠6,106 !6,106 ha 15,088 acres	2000
Malabungot	Camarines Sur	7002120620000000000♠120.62 !120.62 ha 298 acres	2000
Malampaya	Palawan	7005200115000000000♠200,115 !200,115 ha 494,495 acres	2000
Murcielagos Island	Zamboanga del Norte	7002151000000000000♠151 !151 ha 373 acres	2000
Peñablanca	Cagayan	7005118781580000000♠118,781.58 !118,781.58 ha 293,516 acres	2003
Pujada Bay	Davao Oriental	7004212000000000000♠21,200 !21,200 ha 52,386 acres	1994
Selinog Island	Zamboanga del Norte	7003129435000099999♠1,294.35 !1,294.35 ha 3,198 acres	2000
Siargao Island	Surigao del Norte	7005278914130000000♠278,914.13 !278,914.13 ha 689,212 acres	1996
Talibon Islands	Bohol	7003645687000000000♠6,456.87 !6,456.87 ha 15,955 acres	1999

Protected Seascape

Name	Location	Area	Established
Panglao Island	Bohol	7002385670000000000♠385.67 !385.67 ha 953 acres	2003
Sarangani Bay	Sarangani	7005215950000000000♠215,950 !215,950 ha 533,624 acres	1996
Tañon Strait	Cebu-Negros Oriental	7002450000000000000♠450 !450 ha 1,112 acres	1998

Game Refuge and Bird Sanctuaries

Strict nature reserve is an area possessing some outstanding ecosystem, features and/or species of flora and fauna of national scientific importance maintained to protect nature and maintain processes in an undisturbed state in order to have ecologically representative examples of the natural environment available for scientific study, environmental monitoring, education, and for the maintenance of genetic resources in a dynamic and evolutionary state.

Name	Location	Area	Established
Calauit Safari Park	Palawan	7003340000000000000♠3,400 !3,400 ha 8,402 acres	1976
Calavite and FB Harrison	Mindoro Occidental	7005121983810000000♠121,983.81 !121,983.81 ha 301,429 acres	1920
Lake Buluan	Cotabato	7003630000000000000♠6,300 !6,300 ha 15,568 acres	2006
Lake Malimanga	Zambales	7001123500000000000♠12.35 !12.35 ha 31 acres	1980
Olango Island	Cebu	7002920000000000000♠920 !920 ha 2,273 acres	1992
Palawan	Palawan	7005761416000000000♠761,416 !761,416 ha 1,881,500 acres	1967

Resource Reserves

Resource reserve is an extensive and relatively isolated and uninhabited area normally with difficult access designated as such to protect natural resources of the area for future use and prevent or contain development activities that could affect the resource pending the establishment of objectives which are based upon appropriate knowledge and planning.

Name	Location	Area	Established
Siocon	Zamboanga del Norte	7002793740000000000♠793.74 !793.74 ha 1,961 acres	1999
Upper Agno River Basin	Cordillera-Nueva Vizcaya	7004775610000000000♠77,561 !77,561 ha 191,657 acres	2000

Managed Resource Protected Areas

Name	Location	Area	Established
El Nido Managed Resource Protected Area	Palawan	7004891347600000000♠89,134.76 !89,134.76 ha 220,257 acres	1998

Marine Reserves

Name	Location	Area	Established
Masinloc and Oyon Bay	Zambales	7003756800000000000♠7,568 !7,568 ha 18,701 acres	1993
Palaui Island	Cagayan	7003741548000000000♠7,415.48 !7,415.48 ha 18,324 acres	1994
Sagay	Negros Occidental	7004320000000000000♠32,000 !32,000 ha 79,074 acres	2001
Taklong Island	Guimaras	7003114345000000000♠1,143.45 !1,143.45 ha 2,826 acres	1990

Watershed Forest Reserves

Name	Location	Area	Established
Aklan River	Aklan	7004231850000000000♠23,185 !23,185 ha 57,291 acres	1990
Alabat	Quezon	7002688000000000000♠688 !688 ha 1,700 acres	1987
Alijawan-Cansuhay-Anibongan River	Bohol	7003363000000000000♠3,630 !3,630 ha 8,970 acres	1992
Allah	South Cotabato	7004924500000000000♠92,450 !92,450 ha 228,449 acres	1985
Angat River	Bulacan	7003660000000000000♠6,600 !6,600 ha 16,309 acres	1968
Aurora	Aurora	7002430000000000000♠430 !430 ha 1,063 acres	1936
Bawa	Cagayan	7003895500000000000♠8,955 !8,955 ha 22,128 acres	1987
Binahaan River	Quezon	7002465000000000000♠465 !465 ha 1,149 acres	1991
Calabgan	Aurora	7003480300000000000♠4,803 !4,803 ha 11,868 acres	1992
Calatrava-San Andres-San Agustin	Romblon	7003267000000000000♠2,670 !2,670 ha 6,598 acres	1982
Calauag	Quezon	7002328000000000000♠328 !328 ha 811 acres	1939
Capalonga	Camarines Norte	7002752000000000000♠752 !752 ha 1,858 acres	1966
Catanduanes	Catanduanes	7004260100000000000♠26,010 !26,010 ha 64,272 acres	1987
Dahican	Camarines Norte	7001440000000000000♠44 !44 ha 109 acres	1933
Dalanas River	Antique	7003855800000000000♠8,558 !8,558 ha 21,147 acres	1990
Dibalo-Pingit-Zabali-Malayat	Aurora	7003452800000000000♠4,528 !4,528 ha 11,189 acres	1992
Dipaculao	Aurora	7003178600000000000♠1,786 !1,786 ha 4,413 acres	1987
Doña Remedios-General Tinio	Bulacan-Nueva Ecija	7004207600000000000♠20,760 !20,760 ha 51,299 acres	1988
Dupax	Nueva Vizcaya	7002424800000000000♠424.80 !424.80 ha 1,050 acres	1934
Ilocos Norte Metro	Ilocos Norte	7003281500000000000♠2,815 !2,815 ha 6,956 acres	1934
Ilog-Hilabangan	Negros Occidental	7004102110000000000♠10,211 !10,211 ha 25,232 acres	1990
Infanta	Quezon	7002384000000000000♠384 !384 ha 949 acres	1967
Jalaur River	Iloilo	7003922800000000000♠9,228 !9,228 ha 22,803 acres	1990
Kabankalan	Negros Occidental	7002432000000000000♠432 !432 ha 1,067 acres	1991
Lake Lanao	Lanao del Sur	7005180460000000000♠180,460 !180,460 ha 445,926 acres	1992
Libungan	Cotabato	7004528200000000000♠52,820 !52,820 ha 130,521 acres	1990
Loboc River	Bohol	7004194100000000000♠19,410 !19,410 ha 47,963 acres	1953
Lopez	Quezon	7002418000000000000♠418 !418 ha 1,033 acres	1940
Lower Agno	Benguet	7004393040000000000♠39,304 !39,304 ha 97,122 acres	1983
Maasin	Iloilo	7003615000000000000♠6,150 !6,150 ha 15,197 acres	1923
Mahugunao	Misamis Oriental	7002136000000000000♠136 !136 ha 336 acres	1932
Malagos	Davao del Sur	7002235000000000000♠235 !235 ha 581 acres	1933
Marcos Highway	Benguet	7003610500000000000♠6,105 !6,105 ha 15,086 acres	1978
Mariveles (Palanas)	Bataan	7002325000000000000♠325 !325 ha 803 acres	1919
Mulanay	Quezon	7001260000000000000♠26 !26 ha 64 acres	1938
Naguilian	La Union	7001900000000000000♠90 !90 ha 222 acres	1936
Olongapo (Palanas)	Zambales	7003633500000000000♠6,335 !6,335 ha 15,654 acres	1987
Palawan	Palawan	7003477600000000000♠4,776 !4,776 ha 11,802 acres	1982
Palompon	Leyte	7003239200000000000♠2,392 !2,392 ha 5,911 acres	1988
Panay River	Capiz	7003435000000000000♠4,350 !4,350 ha 10,749 acres	1990
Pantabangan-Carranglan	Nueva Ecija	7004845000000000000♠84,500 !84,500 ha 208,804 acres	1969
Polillo	Quezon	7002130000000000000♠130 !130 ha 321 acres	1966
Santa	Ilocos Sur	7001250000000000000♠25 !25 ha 62 acres	1935
South Upi	Maguindanao	7003189420000000000♠1,894.20 !1,894.20 ha 4,681 acres	1987
Talavera	Nueva Ecija-Nueva Vizcaya	7004371560000000000♠37,156 !37,156 ha 91,814 acres	1938
Tanap	Ilocos Norte	7001410000000000000♠41 !41 ha 101 acres	1971
Tibiang-Damagandong	Quezon	7002280000000000000♠280 !280 ha 692 acres	1938
Torrijos	Marinduque	7002105000000000000♠105 !105 ha 259 acres	1932
Tumauini	Isabela	7004176700000000000♠17,670 !17,670 ha 43,664 acres	1994
Wangag	Cagayan	7003699200000000000♠6,992 !6,992 ha 17,278 acres	1987

Natural Biotic Areas

Natural biotic area is an area set aside to allow the way of life of societies living in harmony with the environment to adapt to modem technology at their pace.

Name	Location	Area	Established
Abasig-Matogdon-Mananap	Camarines Norte	7003542012000000000♠5,420.12 !5,420.12 ha 13,393 acres	2000
Basilan	Basilan	7003449700000000000♠4,497 !4,497 ha 11,112 acres	2000
Buug	Zamboanga del Sur	7003109500000000000♠1,095 !1,095 ha 2,706 acres	1998
Lagonoy	Camarines Sur	7002444600000000000♠444.60 !444.60 ha 1,099 acres	2000

Wildlife Sanctuaries

Wildlife sanctuary comprises an area which assures the natural conditions necessary to protect nationally significant species, groups of species, biotic communities or physical features of the environment where these may require specific human manipulation for the perpetuation.

Name	Location	Area	Established
Agusan Marsh	Agusan del Sur	7004148359900000000♠14,835.99 !14,835.99 ha 36,661 acres	1996
Chico Island	Masbate	7000777000000000000♠7.77 !7.77 ha 19 acres	2000
Marinduque	Marinduque	7003882796000099999♠8,827.96 !8,827.96 ha 21,814 acres	2004
Mount Calavite	Mindoro Occidental	7004180161899900000♠18,016.19 !18,016.19 ha 44,519 acres	2000
Mount Hamiguitan Range	Davao Oriental	7003683400000000000♠6,834 !6,834 ha 16,887 acres	2004
Naro Island	Masbate	7002109980000000000♠109.98 !109.98 ha 272 acres	2000
Rasa Island	Palawan	7003198300000000000♠1,983 !1,983 ha 4,900 acres	2006
Turtle Islands	Tawi-Tawi	7005242967000000000♠242,967 !242,967 ha 600,385 acres	1999

Wilderness Areas

Name	Location	Area	Established
Alibijaban Island	Quezon	7002430000000000000♠430 !430 ha 1,063 acres	1981
Awasan Bay Islands	Surigao del Norte		1981
Bantayan Island	Cebu		1981
Basot-Quinalang-Malabungot Islands	Camarines Sur	7002185380000000000♠185.38 !185.38 ha 458 acres	1981
Caniago Strait Islands	Bohol	7002210000000000000♠210 !210 ha 519 acres	1981
Cebu Strait Islands	Bohol	7001340000000000000♠34 !34 ha 84 acres	1981
Dampalit Island	Masbate		1981
Guinauyan-Naro-Chico-Pobre Islands	Masbate	7001232500000000000♠23.25 !23.25 ha 57 acres	1981
Isabela Monte Alto Timber Resource Corp.	Isabela	7003109500000000000♠1,095 !1,985 ha 4,905 acres	1987
Majaba-Napayuan Islands	Masbate	7001180000000000000♠18 !18 ha 44 acres	1981
Panag Bay Islands	Surigao del Norte		1981
Rasa Island	Surigao del Norte		1981

See also

• List of World Heritage Sites in the Philippines
• List of national parks of the Philippines
• Environment of the Philippines

References

External links

• National Integrated Protected Areas System Act of 1992
• Protected areas (240) in the Philippines from Protected Areas and Wildlife Bureau

Mount Kalatungan Range Natural Park Official Site

National Parks of the Philippines Aurora Memorial Balbalasang-Balbalan Bangan Hill Bataan Biak-na-Bato Bulabog Putian Caramoan Cassamata Hill Fuyot Springs Guadalupe Mabugnao Mainit Hot Spring Hundred Islands Kuapnit Balinsasayao Lake Butig Lake Dapao Libmanan Caves Luneta (Rizal) MacArthur Landing Memorial Mado Hot Spring Minalungao Mount Arayat Mount Dajo Mount Data Mount Pulag Mounts Iglit-Baco Naujan Lake Northern Luzon Heroes Hill Olongapo Naval Base Perimeter National Park Pagsanjan Gorge Pantuwaraya Lake Paoay Lake Puerto Princesa Subterranean River Quezon Memorial Rungkunan Sacred Mountain Salikata

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