List of nearest galaxies

This is a list of known galaxies within 3.59 megaparsecs (11.7 million light-years) of our Solar System, in ascending order of distance. This encompasses all of the about 50 Local Group galaxies, and some that are members of neighboring galaxy groups, the M81 Group and the Centaurus A/M83 Group, and some that are currently not in any defined galaxy group.

The list aims to reflect current knowledge:

Intergalactic distance measurements are subject to large uncertainties. Figures listed are composites of many measurements, some of which may have had their individual error bars tightened to the point of no longer overlapping with each other.[1]

List

#   Galaxy Type Dist from Earth Magnitude Group
Membership		 Notes
Mly Mpc M m
  1 Milky Way SBbc 0.027[2] 0.008[2] −20.8 [1] n/a Local Group Home galaxy of Earth
  2 Canis Major Dwarf Irr (status as galaxy disputed) 0.025[3] 0.008 −14.5 23.3 Local Group Satellite of Milky Way (accretion by Milky Way)
  3 Sagittarius Dwarf Sphr SagDEG dSph/E7 0.081 0.024[4] −12.67[4] 4.5[5] Local Group Satellite of Milky Way (partial accretion by Milky Way)
  4 Ursa Major II Dwarf dSph 0.098 0.030 −4.2 14.3 Local Group Satellite of Milky Way (accretion by Milky Way)
  5 Large Magellanic Cloud (LMC) Irr/SB(s)m 0.163 0.050[4] −17.93[4] 0.9[5] Local Group Satellite of Milky Way
  6 Boötes I d Sph 0.197[5] 0.060 −5.8[6] 13.1 Local Group Satellite of Milky Way
  7 Small Magellanic Cloud (SMC, NGC 292) SB(s)m pec 0.206 0.063[4] −16.35[4] 2.7[5] Local Group Satellite of Milky Way
  8 Ursa Minor Dwarf dE4 0.206 0.063[4] −7.13[4] 11.9[5] Local Group Satellite of Milky Way
  9 Draco Dwarf (DDO 208) dE0 pec 0.258 0.079[4] −8.74[4] 10.9[5] Local Group Satellite of Milky Way with a large amount of dark matter
 10 NGC 2419 Glob Clus 0.275 0.084 −9.5/−11 ? 9/10.4 ? Brightest remote MW globular cluster
 11 Sextans Dwarf Sph dSph 0.281 0.086[4] −7.98[4] 12[5] Local Group Satellite of Milky Way
 12 Sculptor Dwarf (E351-G30) dE3 0.287 0.088[4] −9.77[4] 10.1[5] Local Group Satellite of Milky Way
 13 Ursa Major I Dwarf (UMa I dSph) dSph 0.330 0.10[7] −6.75[7] ? Local Group Satellite of Milky Way
 — Carina Dwarf (E206-G220) dE3 0.330 0.10[4] −8.97[7] 11.3[5] Local Group Satellite of Milky Way
 15 Fornax Dwarf (E356-G04) dSPh/E2 0.46 0.14[1] −11.5[4] 9.28[1] Local Group Satellite of Milky Way
 16 Leo II Dwarf (Leo B, DDO 93) dE0 pec 0.701[8] 0.215 −9.23[4] 12.45[1] Local Group Satellite of Milky Way
 17 Leo I Dwarf (DDO 74) dE3 0.820[8] 0.25 −10.97[4] 11.18[1] Local Group Satellite of Milky Way
 18 Leo T Dwarf G[5] 1.370 0.42[9] 16[5] Local Group Satellite of Milky Way?
 19 Phoenix Dwarf Galaxy (P 6830) IAm 1.44 0.44 −10.22[4] 13.07[1] Local Group Satellite of Milky Way
 20 Barnard's Galaxy (NGC 6822) IB(s)m IV-V 1.630[8] 0.50 −15.22[4] 9.32[1] Local Group Satellite of Milky Way
 21 MGC1[10] Glob Clus 2 0.615 −9.2 Local Group Isolated cluster at ~200 kpc from M31
 22 NGC 185 dE3 pec 2.010 [11] 0.62 −14.76[4] 9.99[1] Local Group Satellite of Andromeda
 23 Andromeda II dE0 2.130 [11] 0.65 −9.33[4] 15.10[1] Local Group Satellite of Andromeda
 24 IC 10 (UGC 192) dIrr IV/BCD[5] 2.2 0.67 −15.57[4] 12.2[1] Local Group Satellite of Andromeda
 25 NGC 147 (DDO 3) dE5 pec 2.200[11] 0.68 −14.9[4] 10.36[1] Local Group Satellite of Andromeda
 26 Leo A (Leo III, DDO 69) IBm V 2.250?[8] 0.80?[12] −11.68?[12] 12.92 Local Group Satellite of Milky Way
 27 IC 1613 (UGC 668) IAB(s)m V 2.350[8] 0.72 −14.51[4] 9.92[1] Local Group Satellite of Andromeda
 28 Andromeda I dE3 pec 2.430[11] 0.75 −10.87[4] 13.9[1] Local Group Satellite of Andromeda
 29 Andromeda III dE2 2.440[11] 0.75 −9.30[4] 15.20[1] Local Group Satellite of Andromeda
 30 Cetus Dwarf dSph/E4 2.460[11] 0.75 −10.18[4] 14.4[1] Local Group Satellite of Andromeda[4]
 31 M32 (NGC 221) E2 2.480;[8] 0.76 −15.96[4] 8.73[1] Local Group Close Satellite of Andromeda
 32 Cassiopeia Dwarf (Cas dSph, Andromeda VII) dSph 2.490[11] 0.76 −11.67[4] 13.65[1] Local Group Satellite of Andromeda[4]
 33 Andromeda IX dE 2.500[11] 0.77 −7.5[4] ? Local Group Satellite of Andromeda[4]
 — LGS 3 dIrr/dSph 2.510[11] 0.77 −7.96[4] 16.18[1] Local Group Satellite of M33
 35 Andromeda V dSph 2.52[11] 0.77 −8.41[4] 16.67[1] Local Group Satellite of Andromeda[4]
 36 Pegasus Dwarf Sph (And VI) dSph 2.55[11] 0.78 −10.80[4] 14.05[1] Local Group Satellite of Andromeda[4]
 37 Andromeda VIII dSph[13] 2.56?? ? ? ? Local Group Tidally distorted dwarf close to Andromeda discovered 2003[13]
 — Andromeda Galaxy (M31) SA(s)b 2.56[11] 0.79 −21.58[4] 4.17[1] Local Group Largest Galaxy in the Local Group, with at least 19 satellite galaxies
 38 Triangulum Galaxy (M33) SAc 2.64 [11] 0.81 −18.87[4] 6.19[1] Local Group Most distant (difficult) naked eye object
 39 M110 (NGC 205) E6p 2.69 [11] 0.83 −16.15[4] 8.72[1] Local Group Close Satellite of Andromeda
 40 Andromeda XXI[14] 2.8 0.86 −9.9 Local Group Satellite of Andromeda
 41 Andromeda XXII[14] Local Group Satellite of Andromeda
 42 Tucana Dwarf dE5 2.87 0.88[4] −9.16 15.7[1] Local Group[4] Isolated group member — a 'primordial' galaxy[15]
 43 Andromeda X dSph[5] 2.90?? −8.1[16] 16.1[5] Local Group Satellite of Andromeda discovered 2006
 44 Pegasus Dwarf Irregular (DDO 216) dIrr/DSph[5] 3.00 [11] 0.92 −11.47[4] 13.21[5] Local Group Satellite of Andromeda
 45 Andromeda XIX[17] 3.04 0.933 −9.3 Local Group Satellite of Andromeda, spread over 1.7 kpc
 46 Wolf-Lundmark-Melotte (WLM, DDO 221) Ib(s)m[5] 3.16 0.97[12] −14.06[12] 11.03[5] Local Group Isolated member at the edge of the local group
 47 Sagittarius Dwarf Irregular Galaxy (SagDIG) IB(s)m V[5] 3.39 1.04[4] −11.49 15.5 Local Group[1] Isolated group member
 48 Aquarius Dwarf Galaxy (DDO 210) Im V 3.49 [11] 1.07 / 0.94[12] −11.09[12] 14.0[5] Local Group Isolated group member
 49 UGC 4879 (VV124)[18] 3.59 1.1 −11.5[12] Local Group
 50 Antlia Dwarf dE3.5[5] 4.08 1.25[12] −9.63[12] 16.19[1] Local Group May have interacted with NGC 3109[19]
 51 Sextans A (UGCA 205, DDO 75) IBm[5] 4.31[20] 1.32 −13.95[4] 11.86[5] Local Group[1] Isolated group member
 52 NGC 3109 SB(s)m 4.24 1.30[19] −15.68[1] 10.39[1] Local Group
 53 Andromeda XVIII[17] 4.42 1.355 <-9.7 Local Group
 54 Sextans B (UGC 5373) IM IV-V[5] 4.44 1.44[12] −14.08[12] 11.85[5] Local Group[1]
 55 KKh 060 Ir 4.89 1.5[1] 18B[5]
 56 KUG 1210+301B (KK98 127) S.. 4.89 1.5[1] 15.7[5] between LG and M94 Pair?
 57 HIZSS 003 ? 5.5 1.69[12] −12.60[12] 18B[5] Far below the SG plane Hidden by the Milky Way
 58 KKR 25 Ir 6.07 1.86[1] −9.94[12] 17.0[5]
 59 ESO 410-G005 E3[5] 6.33 1.94[12] −11.60[12] 14.85[5] NGC 55 & 300
 60 ESO 294-010 dS0/Im[5] 6.26[21] 1.96[12] −10.95[12] 15.6[5] NGC 55 & 300
 61 IC 5152 IA(s)m[5] 6.42 1.97[12] −15.56[12] 11.06[5] NGC 55 & 300 ? Remotely on the side of NGC 55
 62 GR 8 (DDO 155) ImV[5] 6.95 2.13[12] −12.14[12] 14.65[5] Inner edge of M94 Group "footprint galaxy"
 63 KKR 03 (KK98 230) dwarf Irr 6.98 2.14[12] −9.8 17.90[5] Inner edge of M94 Group
 64 NGC 300 SA(s)d[5] 7.01 2.15[21] −17.92[1] 8.95[5] Inner edge of Sculptor group forms pair with NGC 55
 65 NGC 55 SB(s)m: sp[5] 7.08 2.17[12] −18.47[12] 8.84[1] Inner edge of Sculptor group Forms pair with NGC 300
 66 UGCA 438 (ESO 407-018) IB(s)m pec:[5] 7.24 2.22[12] −12.92[12] 13.86[1] NGC 55 & 300
 67 UGC 09128 (DDO 187) ImIV-V 7.3 2.24[12] −12.47[12] 14.38[5] Inner edge of M94 Group
 68 IC 3104 IB(s)m 7.40 2.27[1] −14.85[12] 13.63[5] On the way to Circinus galaxy
 69 IC 4662 (ESO 102- G 014) IBm 7.96 2.44[12] −15.56[12] 11.74[5] On the way to Circinus galaxy
 70 KKh 98 Irr 7.99 2.45[1] −10.78[1] 16.7[5] IC 342/Maffei Group
 71 UGC 8508 (I Zw 060) IAm 8.35? [22] 2.69?[12] −13.09[12] 14.40[5] M94 Group
 72 KKh 086 Ir 8.51 2.60[12] −10.30[12] 16.8[5] Isolated (M94/Cent A)
 73 DDO 99 (UGC 06817) Im 8.61 2.64[1]–3.9[5] −13.52[12] 13.4[5] M94 Group
 74 UGC 07577 (DDO 125) Im 8.94 2.74[12] −14.32[12] 12.84[5] M94 Group
 75 UGC 9240 (DDO 190) IAm 9.10 2.80[12] −14.19[12] 13.25[5] M94 Group
 76 Dwingeloo 1 SB(s)cd 9.13 2.8[1] −18.78 19.8[5] IC 342/Maffei Group
 77 Maffei 2 SAB(rs)bc 9.13 2.8[1] −20.15[4] 14.77[5] IC 342/Maffei Group
 78 UGCA 276 (DDO 113) Im 9.32 2.86[1] 15.40[5] M94 Group
 79 NGC 4214 (UGC 07278) IAB(s)m 9.58 2.94[1] 10.24[5] M94 Group Starburst galaxy
 80 UGCA 86 SAB(s)m[23] 9.65 2.96[24] 13.5[5] IC 342/Maffei Group[23]
 81 NGC 4163 9.65 2.96[24] 14.5[5] M94 Group
 82 Dwingeloo 2 Im? 9.78 3.0[1] −14.55[1] 20.5[5] IC 342/Maffei Group
 -- KKH 11 (ZOAG G135.74-04.53) dE/N 9.78 3.0[1] −13.35[4] 16.2[5] IC 342/Maffei Group
 -- KKH 12 Ir 9.78 3.0[1] −13.03 17.8[5] IC 342/Maffei Group
 -- MB 3 dSph 9.78 3.0[1] −13.65[4] 19.8[5] IC 342/Maffei Group
 -- MB 1 (KK98 21) SAB(s)d? 9.78 3.0[1] −14.81[4] 20.5[5] IC 342/Maffei Group
 -- Maffei 1 S0- pec 9.78 3.0[1] −18.97[4] 11.4[5] IC 342/Maffei Group
 88 UGCA 92 Im?[5] 9.82 3.01[24] 13[5] IC 342/Maffei Group[23]
 89 UGC 8651 (DDO 181) Im 9.82 3.01[1] 14.7[5] M94 Group
 90 ESO274-01[25] 10.1 3.09 11.7 Centaurus A Group
 91 UGCA 292 (DDO 125) ImIV-V 10.11 3.1[1] 16.0[5] M94 Group
 92 NGC 3741 ImIII/BCD 10.21 [22] 3.13 14.3[5] M94 Group
 93 KK98 35 Irr 10.31 3.16[1] −14.30 17.2[5] IC 342/Maffei Group
 94 HIPASS J1247-77 Im 10.31 3.16[26] 17.B[5] Aligned with IC 3104
 95 NGC 2366 IB(s)m 10.40 [22] 3.19 11.43[5] M81 group
 96 UGCA 133 (DDO 44) Im 10.40 [22] 3.19 15.54[5] M81 group
 97 ESO321-014[25] 10.40 [25] 3.19 15.16 Centaurus A Group
 98 UGC 8833 Im 10.41 3.19[1] 16.5[5] M94 Group
 99 UGC 4483 BlueCG 10.47 [22] 3.21 15.2[5] M81 group
100 NGC 404 SA(s)0-:[5] 10.56 3.24[12] −16.61[12] 11.21[5] 'Mirach's Ghost'
101 UGCA 105 Im? 10.63 [22] 3.26 −16.81 13.9[5] IC 342/Maffei Group
102 IC 342 SAB(rs)cd[5] 10.70 3.28[1] −20.69[1] 9.37[1] IC 342/Maffei Group "the hidden galaxy"
103 Cas 1 (KK98 19) dwarf Irr 10.76 3.3[1] −16.70 16.38[5] IC 342/Maffei Group
104 NGC 2403 SAB(s)cd HII 10.76 3.30[4] −19.29 8.93[5] M81 group
105 Camelopardalis B Irr 10.80 [22] 3.31 −11.85 16.1[5] IC 342/Maffei Group
106 UGCA 015 (DDO 6) IB(s)m 10.90 3.34[4] −12.50[4] 15.19[5] Sculptor group
107 NGC 1569 (UGC 03056) IBm;Sbrst[5] 10.96 3.36[27] −18.17[1] 11.86[5] IC 342/Maffei Group[23]
108 KKH 37 (Mai 16) S/Irr 11.06 3.39[26] 16.4[5] IC 342/Maffei Group
109 Holmberg II (DDO 50, UGC 4305) Im 11.06 [22] 3.39 11.1[5] M81 group
110 NGC 5102 SA0- HII 11.09 3.40[1] −18.08.56 10.35[5] Centaurus A Group
111 NGC 5237 11.09 3.40;[25] Centaurus A Group
112 ESO325-11 11.09 3.40;[25] Centaurus A Group
113 ESO 540-030 (KDG 2) IABm 11.10 3.40[4] −11.39 16.45[5] Sculptor group
114 FM2000 1 dSph? 11.15 [22] 3.42 17.5[5] M81 group
115 ESO 540-032 IAB(s)m pec: 11.15 3.42[4] −11.32[4] 16.55[5] Sculptor group
116 NGC 1560 SA(s)d HII 11.25 3.45[1] −16.87[4] 12.16[5] IC 342/Maffei Group
117 ESO 383-087 (ISG 39) SB(s)dm 3.45[25] −15.16[1] 11.03[5] Centaurus A Group
118 NGC 5206 11.3 3.47;[25] Centaurus A Group
119 KK 179 (ESO269-37) 3.48;[25] Centaurus A Group
120 KK98 77 dwarf Sph 11.35 [22] 3.48 16.2[5] M81 group
121 DDO 71 Im 11.42 [22] 3.50 18[5] M81 group
122 M82 I0;Sbrst HII 11.51 3.53[4] −19.63[4] 9.30 [5] M81 group
123 ESO 269-66 (KK98 190) dE,N 11.55 3.54[1] −13.56 14.11[5] Centaurus A Group
124 M81 Dwarf A (KDG 52) I? 11.58 [22] 3.55 −11.49[4] 16.5[5] M81 group
125 NGC 2976 SAc pec HII 11.61 [22] 3.56 −17.1[4] 10.82[5] M81 group
126 UGC 4459 (DDO 53) Im 11.61 [22] 3.56 −13.37[4] 14.48 [5] M81 group
127 NGC 4945 SB(s)cd:sp[5] 11.70 [28] 3.59 −20.51[1] 9.3[5] Centaurus A Group
#   Galaxy Type Dist from Earth Magnitude Group
Membership		 Notes
Mly Mpc M m

See also

Notes

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.6 1.7 1.8 1.9 1.10 1.11 1.12 1.13 1.14 1.15 1.16 1.17 1.18 1.19 1.20 1.21 1.22 1.23 1.24 1.25 1.26 1.27 1.28 1.29 1.30 1.31 1.32 1.33 1.34 1.35 1.36 1.37 1.38 1.39 1.40 1.41 1.42 1.43 1.44 1.45 1.46 1.47 1.48 1.49 1.50 1.51 1.52 1.53 1.54 1.55 1.56 1.57 1.58 1.59 1.60 1.61 1.62 1.63 1.64 1.65 I. D. Karachentsev et al.(2004) A Catalog of Neighboring Galaxies Refinements in distance measurements could change the order presented in this list.
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 distance of the solar system from the Galactic Center. The distance of Earth from the galaxy which contains it is of course "zero".
  3. ↑ From official press release announcing discovery (University of Strasbourg) accessdate = June 2008
  4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2 4.3 4.4 4.5 4.6 4.7 4.8 4.9 4.10 4.11 4.12 4.13 4.14 4.15 4.16 4.17 4.18 4.19 4.20 4.21 4.22 4.23 4.24 4.25 4.26 4.27 4.28 4.29 4.30 4.31 4.32 4.33 4.34 4.35 4.36 4.37 4.38 4.39 4.40 4.41 4.42 4.43 4.44 4.45 4.46 4.47 4.48 4.49 4.50 4.51 4.52 4.53 4.54 4.55 4.56 4.57 4.58 4.59 4.60 4.61 4.62 4.63 I. D. Karachentsev (2005). "The Local Group and Other Neighboring Galaxy Groups". Astronomical Journal 129 (1): 178–188. arXiv:astro-ph/0410065. Bibcode:2005AJ....129..178K. doi:10.1086/426368.
  5. ↑ 5.0 5.1 5.2 5.3 5.4 5.5 5.6 5.7 5.8 5.9 5.10 5.11 5.12 5.13 5.14 5.15 5.16 5.17 5.18 5.19 5.20 5.21 5.22 5.23 5.24 5.25 5.26 5.27 5.28 5.29 5.30 5.31 5.32 5.33 5.34 5.35 5.36 5.37 5.38 5.39 5.40 5.41 5.42 5.43 5.44 5.45 5.46 5.47 5.48 5.49 5.50 5.51 5.52 5.53 5.54 5.55 5.56 5.57 5.58 5.59 5.60 5.61 5.62 5.63 5.64 5.65 5.66 5.67 5.68 5.69 5.70 5.71 5.72 5.73 5.74 5.75 5.76 5.77 5.78 5.79 5.80 5.81 5.82 5.83 5.84 5.85 5.86 5.87 5.88 5.89 5.90 5.91 5.92 5.93 5.94 5.95 5.96 5.97 5.98 5.99 5.100 5.101 "NASA/IPAC Extragalactic Database". Retrieved 2008.
  6. ↑ Belokurov, 2006 A Faint New Milky Way Satellite in Bootes
  7. ↑ 7.0 7.1 7.2 Willman, Dalcanton, Martinez-Delgado, et al. (2005) "A New Milky Way Dwarf Galaxy in Ursa Major", submitted to Astrophysical Journal Letters, on arXiv.org: astro-ph/0503552
  8. ↑ 8.0 8.1 8.2 8.3 8.4 8.5 van den Bergh, S. (2000)Updated Information on the Local Group
  9. ↑ Irwin; Belokurov; Evans; Ryan-Weber; de Jong; Koposov; Zucker; Hodgkin et al. (2007). "Discovery of an Unusual Dwarf Galaxy in the Outskirts of the Milky Way". The Astrophysical Journal 656: L13–L16. arXiv:astro-ph/0701154. Bibcode:2007ApJ...656L..13I. doi:10.1086/512183.
  10. ↑ Mackey; Ferguson; Irwin; Martin et al. (2009). "Deep Gemini/GMOS imaging of an extremely isolated globular cluster in the Local Group". arXiv:0909.1456 [astro-ph.GA].
  11. ↑ 11.0 11.1 11.2 11.3 11.4 11.5 11.6 11.7 11.8 11.9 11.10 11.11 11.12 11.13 11.14 11.15 McConnachie, A. W. et al. 2005 Distances and Metallicities for 17 Local Group Galaxies
  12. ↑ 12.0 12.1 12.2 12.3 12.4 12.5 12.6 12.7 12.8 12.9 12.10 12.11 12.12 12.13 12.14 12.15 12.16 12.17 12.18 12.19 12.20 12.21 12.22 12.23 12.24 12.25 12.26 12.27 12.28 12.29 12.30 12.31 12.32 12.33 12.34 12.35 12.36 12.37 12.38 12.39 12.40 12.41 12.42 Karachentsev; Kashibadze; Makarov; Tully (2009). "The Hubble flow around the Local Group". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society 393 (4): 1265. arXiv:0811.4610. Bibcode:2009MNRAS.393.1265K. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2966.2008.14300.x.
  13. ↑ 13.0 13.1 Morrison et al. 2003 Andromeda VIII, a New Tidally Distorted satellite of M31 — for details see
  14. ↑ 14.0 14.1 Martin; McConnachie; Mike Irwin; Widrow et al. (2009). "PAndAS' cubs: Discovery of two new dwarf galaxies in the surroundings of the Andromeda and Triangulum galaxies". arXiv:0909.0399 [astro-ph.CO].
  15. ↑ See
  16. ↑ Zucker et al. 2007 Andromeda X, a New Dwarf Speroidal satellite of M31:Photometry — for details see
  17. ↑ 17.0 17.1 A Trio of New Local Group Galaxies with Extreme Properties, Alan W. McConnachie et al. 2008, ApJ 688 1009-1020, http://arxiv.org/abs/0806.3988
  18. ↑ Kopylov; Tikhonov; Sergey Fabrika; Igor Drozdovsky et al. (2008). "VV124 (UGC4879): A new transitional dwarf galaxy in the periphery of the Local Group". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society: Letters 387: L45–L49. arXiv:0803.1107. Bibcode:2008MNRAS.387L..45K. doi:10.1111/j.1745-3933.2008.00482.x.
  19. ↑ 19.0 19.1 Soszynski "et al."(2006) The Araucaria Project: Distance to the Local Group Galaxy NGC 3109 from Near-Infrared Photometry of Cepheids see
  20. ↑ Dolphin, Andrew E. et al. 2003 Deep Hubble Space Telescope Imaging of Sextans A. II. Cepheids and Distance
  21. ↑ 21.0 21.1 Karachentsev, I. D. et al. (2003) Distances to Nearby Galaxies in Sculptor
  22. ↑ 22.0 22.1 22.2 22.3 22.4 22.5 22.6 22.7 22.8 22.9 22.10 22.11 22.12 22.13 Karachentsev, I. D. et al.(2002)The M 81 group of galaxies: New distances, kinematics and structure
  23. ↑ 23.0 23.1 23.2 23.3 see article at
  24. ↑ 24.0 24.1 24.2 http://www.iop.org/EJ/article/1538-3881/131/3/1361/205003.tb1.html
  25. ↑ 25.0 25.1 25.2 25.3 25.4 25.5 25.6 25.7 http://www.iop.org/EJ/abstract/1538-3881/133/2/504
  26. ↑ 26.0 26.1 http://www.iop.org/EJ/abstract/1538-3881/131/3/1361/
  27. ↑ A New Hubble Space Telescope Distance to NGC 1569: Starburst Properties and IC 342 Group Membership* Aaron J. Grocholski et al. 2008 ApJ 686 L79-L82 doi:10.1086/592949 , http://arxiv.org/abs/0808.0153
  28. ↑ I. D. Karachentsev et al.(2002) New distances to galaxies in the Centaurus A group

References