List of mammals of the Netherlands
This is a list of the mammal species recorded in the Netherlands. There are 77 mammal species in the Netherlands, of which 0 are critically endangered, 2 are endangered, 8 are vulnerable, and 3 are near-threatened.[1]
The following tags are used to highlight each species' conservation status as assessed by the IUCN:
EX | Extinct | No reasonable doubt that the last individual has died. |
EW | Extinct in the wild | Known only to survive in captivity or as a naturalized populations well outside its previous range. |
CR | Critically Endangered | The species is in imminent risk of extinction in the wild. |
EN | Endangered | The species is facing an extremely high risk of extinction in the wild. |
VU | Vulnerable | The species is facing a high risk of extinction in the wild. |
NT | Near Threatened | The species does not meet any of the criteria that would categorise it as risking extinction but it is likely to do so in the future. |
LC | Least Concern | There are no current identifiable risks to the species. |
DD | Data Deficient | There is inadequate information to make an assessment of the risks to this species. |
Subclass: Theria
Infraclass: Eutheria
Order: Rodentia (rodents)
Rodents make up the largest order of mammals, with over 40 percent of mammalian species. They have two incisors in the upper and lower jaw which grow continually and must be keep short by gnawing. Most rodents are small though the capybara can weigh up to 45 kg (100 lb).
- Suborder: Sciurognathi
- Family: Castoridae (beavers)
- Genus: Castor
- European Beaver Castor fiber LC
- Genus: Castor
- Family: Sciuridae (squirrels)
- Family: Gliridae (dormice)
- Subfamily: Leithiinae
- Genus: Eliomys
- Garden dormouse Eliomys quercinus NT
- Genus: Muscardinus
- Hazel Dormouse Muscardinus avellanarius LC
- Genus: Eliomys
- Subfamily: Leithiinae
- Family: Cricetidae
- Subfamily: Cricetinae
- Genus: Cricetus
- European Hamster Cricetus cricetus LC
- Genus: Cricetus
- Subfamily: Arvicolinae
- Genus: Arvicola
- European Water Vole Arvicola amphibius LC
- Montane Water Vole Arvicola scherman LC
- Genus: Clethrionomys
- Bank Vole Myodes glareolus LC
- Genus: Microtus
- Field Vole Microtus agrestis LC
- Common Vole Microtus arvalis LC
- Tundra Vole Microtus oeconomus arenicola LC
- European Pine Vole Microtus subterraneus LC
- Genus: Arvicola
- Subfamily: Cricetinae
- Family: Muridae (mice, rats, voles, gerbils, hamsters, etc.)
- Subfamily: Murinae
- Genus: Apodemus
- Yellow-necked Mouse Apodemus flavicollis LC
- Wood mouse Apodemus sylvaticus LC
- Genus: Micromys
- Harvest Mouse Micromys minutus LC
- Genus: Mus
- House Mouse Mus musculus LC
- Genus: Rattus
- Brown Rat Rattus norvegicus LC
- Black Rat Rattus rattus LC
- Genus: Apodemus
- Subfamily: Murinae
- Family: Castoridae (beavers)
Order: Lagomorpha (lagomorphs)
The lagomorphs comprise two families, Leporidae (hares and rabbits), and Ochotonidae (pikas). Though they can resemble rodents, and were classified as a superfamily in that order until the early twentieth century, they have since been considered a separate order. They differ from rodents in a number of physical characteristics, such as having four incisors in the upper jaw rather than two.
- Family: Leporidae (rabbits, hares)
- Genus: Oryctolagus
- European Rabbit Oryctolagus cuniculus NT
- Genus: Lepus
- European Hare Lepus europaeus LC
- Genus: Oryctolagus
Order: Erinaceomorpha (hedgehogs and gymnures)
The order Erinaceomorpha contains a single family, Erinaceidae, which comprise the hedgehogs and gymnures. The hedgehogs are easily recognised by their spines while gymnures look more like large rats.
- Family: Erinaceidae (hedgehogs)
- Subfamily: Erinaceinae
- Genus: Erinaceus
- West European Hedgehog Erinaceus europaeus LC
- Genus: Erinaceus
- Subfamily: Erinaceinae
Order: Soricomorpha (shrews, moles, and solenodons)
The "shrew-forms" are insectivorous mammals. Shrews and solenodons closely resemble mice, while moles are stout-bodied burrowers.
- Family: Soricidae (shrews)
- Subfamily: Crocidurinae
- Genus: Crocidura
- Bicolored Shrew Crocidura leucodon LC
- Greater White-toothed Shrew Crocidura russula LC
- Genus: Crocidura
- Subfamily: Soricinae
- Tribe: Nectogalini
- Genus: Neomys
- Eurasian Water Shrew Neomys fodiens LC
- Genus: Neomys
- Tribe: Soricini
- Genus: Sorex
- Common Shrew Sorex araneus LC
- Crowned Shrew Sorex coronatus LC
- Eurasian Pygmy Shrew Sorex minutus LC
- Genus: Sorex
- Tribe: Nectogalini
- Subfamily: Crocidurinae
- Family: Talpidae (moles)
Order: Chiroptera (bats)
The bats' most distinguishing feature is that their forelimbs are developed as wings, making them the only mammals in the world naturally capable of flight. Bat species account for about 20% of all mammals.
- Family: Vespertilionidae
- Subfamily: Myotinae
- Genus: Myotis
- Bechstein's Bat Myotis bechsteinii NT
- Brandt's Bat Myotis brandtii LC
- Pond Bat Myotis dasycneme NT
- Daubenton's bat Myotis daubentonii LC
- Geoffroy's Bat Myotis emarginatus LC
- Greater Mouse-eared Bat Myotis myotis LC
- Whiskered bat Myotis mystacinus LC
- Natterer's bat Myotis nattereri LC
- Genus: Myotis
- Subfamily: Vespertilioninae
- Genus: Barbastella
- Barbastelle Barbastella barbastellus NT
- Genus: Eptesicus
- Northern Bat Eptesicus nilssonii LC
- Serotine bat Eptesicus serotinus LC
- Genus: Nyctalus
- Lesser Noctule Nyctalus leisleri LC
- Common Noctule Nyctalus noctula LC
- Genus: Pipistrellus
- Nathusius' Pipistrelle Pipistrellus nathusii LC
- Common Pipistrelle Pipistrellus pipistrellus LC
- Soprano Pipistrelle Pipistrellus pygmaeus LC
- Genus: Plecotus
- Brown long-eared bat Plecotus auritus LC
- Grey long-eared bat Plecotus austriacus LC
- Genus: Vespertilio
- Parti-coloured bat Vespertilio murinus LC
- Genus: Barbastella
- Subfamily: Myotinae
- Family: Rhinolophidae
- Subfamily: Rhinolophinae
- Genus: Rhinolophus
- Greater Horseshoe Bat Rhinolophus ferrumequinum LC
- Lesser Horseshoe Bat Rhinolophus hipposideros LC
- Genus: Rhinolophus
- Subfamily: Rhinolophinae
Order: Cetacea (whales)
The order Cetacea includes whales, dolphins and porpoises. They are the mammals most fully adapted to aquatic life with a spindle-shaped nearly hairless body, protected by a thick layer of blubber, and forelimbs and tail modified to provide propulsion underwater.
- Suborder: Mysticeti
- Family: Balaenidae
- Genus: Eubalaena
- North Atlantic Right Whale Eubalaena glacialis EN
- Genus: Eubalaena
- Family: Balaenopteridae
- Subfamily: Balaenopterinae
- Genus: Balaenoptera
- Minke Whale Balaenoptera acutorostrata LC
- Sei Whale Balaenoptera borealis EN
- Fin Whale Balaenoptera physalus EN
- Genus: Megaptera
- Humpback Whale Megaptera novaeangliae LC
- Genus: Balaenoptera
- Subfamily: Balaenopterinae
- Family: Eschrichtiidae
- Genus: Eschrichtius
- Gray Whale Eschrichtius robustus LC
- Genus: Eschrichtius
- Family: Balaenidae
- Suborder: Odontoceti
- Superfamily: Platanistoidea
- Family: Monodontidae
- Genus: Monodon
- Narwhal Monodon monoceros NT
- Genus: Delphinapterus
- Beluga Delphinapterus leucas NT
- Genus: Monodon
- Family: Phocoenidae
- Genus: Phocoena
- Harbour Porpoise Phocoena phocoena LC
- Genus: Phocoena
- Family: Physeteridae
- Genus: Physeter
- Sperm Whale Physeter macrocephalus VU
- Genus: Physeter
- Family: Kogiidae
- Genus: Kogia
- Pygmy Sperm Whale Kogia breviceps DD
- Genus: Kogia
- Family: Ziphidae
- Subfamily: Hyperoodontidae
- Genus: Hyperoodon
- Bottlenose whale Hyperoodon ampullatus DD
- Genus: Mesoplodon
- Sowerby's Beaked Whale Mesoplodon bidens DD
- Blainville's Beaked Whale Mesoplodon densirostris DD
- Gray's Beaked Whale Mesoplodon grayi DD
- Genus: Hyperoodon
- Subfamily: Ziphiinae
- Genus: Ziphius
- Cuvier's Beaked Whale Ziphius cavirostris LC
- Genus: Ziphius
- Subfamily: Hyperoodontidae
- Family: Delphinidae (marine dolphins)
- Genus: Tursiops
- Bottlenose Dolphin Tursiops truncatus LC
- Genus: Stenella
- Striped Dolphin Stenella coeruleoalba LC
- Genus: Delphinus
- Common dolphin Delphinus delphis LC
- Genus: Lagenorhynchus
- Atlantic White-sided Dolphin Lagenorhynchus acutus LC
- White-beaked Dolphin Lagenorhynchus albirostris LC
- Genus: Grampus
- Risso's Dolphin Grampus griseus LC
- Genus: Globicephala
- Pilot whale Globicephala melas DD
- Genus: Orcinus
- Killer Whale Orcinus orca DD
- Genus: Tursiops
- Family: Monodontidae
- Superfamily: Platanistoidea
Order: Carnivora (carnivorans)
There are over 260 species of carnivorans, the majority of which feed primarily on meat. They have a characteristic skull shape and dentition.
- Suborder: Feliformia
- Family: Felidae
- Family: Viverridae (civets, mongooses, etc.)
- Subfamily: Viverrinae
- Genus: Genetta
- Common Genet Genetta genetta LC
- Genus: Genetta
- Subfamily: Viverrinae
- Suborder: Caniformia
- Family: Canidae (dogs, foxes)
- Family: Mustelidae (mustelids)
- Family: Odobenidae
- Genus: Odobenus
- Walrus Odobenus rosmarus DD
- Genus: Odobenus
- Family: Phocidae (earless seals)
Order: Artiodactyla (even-toed ungulates)
The even-toed ungulates are ungulates whose weight is borne about equally by the third and fourth toes, rather than mostly or entirely by the third as in perissodactyls. There are about 220 artiodactyl species, including many that are of great economic importance to humans.
- Family: Suidae (pigs)
- Family: Cervidae (deer)
- Subfamily: Cervinae
- Genus: Cervus
- Red Deer Cervus elaphus LR/lc
- Genus: Cervus
- Subfamily: Capreolinae
- Genus: Capreolus
- Roe Deer Capreolus capreolus LR/lc
- Genus: Capreolus
- Subfamily: Cervinae
Notes
- ↑ This list is derived from the IUCN Red List which lists species of mammals and includes those mammals that have recently been classified as extinct (since 1500 AD). The taxonomy and naming of the individual species is based on those used in existing Wikipedia articles as of 21 May 2007 and supplemented by the common names and taxonomy from the IUCN, Smithsonian Institution, or University of Michigan where no Wikipedia article was available.
References
- "The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species: Mammals of the Netherlands". IUCN. 2001. Retrieved 22 May 2007.
- "Mammal Species of the World". Smithsonian National Museum of Natural History. 2005. Archived from the original on 27 April 2007. Retrieved 22 May 2007.
- "Animal Diversity Web". University of Michigan Museum of Zoology. 1995–2006. Retrieved 22 May 2007.
See also
- List of chordate orders
- List of regional mammals lists
- List of prehistoric mammals
- Mammal classification
- New mammal species
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