List of mammals of Afghanistan
This is a list of the mammal species recorded in Afghanistan. There are 128 mammal species in Afghanistan, of which 0 are critically endangered, 4 are endangered, 12 are vulnerable, and 5 are near-threatened.[1][2]
The following tags are used to highlight each species' conservation status as assessed by the IUCN:
EX | Extinct | No reasonable doubt that the last individual has died. |
EW | Extinct in the wild | Known only to survive in captivity or as a naturalized populations well outside its previous range. |
CR | Critically Endangered | The species is in imminent risk of extinction in the wild. |
EN | Endangered | The species is facing an extremely high risk of extinction in the wild. |
VU | Vulnerable | The species is facing a high risk of extinction in the wild. |
NT | Near Threatened | The species does not meet any of the criteria that would categorise it as risking extinction but it is likely to do so in the future. |
LC | Least Concern | There are no current identifiable risks to the species. |
DD | Data Deficient | There is inadequate information to make an assessment of the risks to this species. |
Some species were assessed using an earlier set of criteria. Species assessed using this system have the following instead of Near Threatened and Least Concern categories:
LR/cd | Lower Risk/conservation dependent | Species which were the focus of conservation programmes and may have moved into a higher risk category if that programme was discontinued. |
LR/nt | Lower Risk/near threatened | Species which are close to being classified as Vulnerable but are not the subject of conservation programmes. |
LR/lc | Lower Risk/least concern | Species for which there are no identifiable risks. |
Subclass: Theria
Infraclass: Eutheria
Order: Primates
The order Primates contains humans and their closest relatives: lemurs, lorisoids, monkeys, and apes.
- Suborder: Haplorhini
- Infraorder: Simiiformes
- Parvorder: Catarrhini
- Superfamily: Cercopithecoidea
- Family: Cercopithecidae (Old World monkeys)
- Genus: Macaca
- Rhesus Macaque Macaca mulatta LR/nt
- Genus: Macaca
- Family: Cercopithecidae (Old World monkeys)
- Superfamily: Cercopithecoidea
- Parvorder: Catarrhini
- Infraorder: Simiiformes
Order: Rodentia (rodents)
Rodents make up the largest order of mammals, with over 40 percent of mammalian species. They have two incisors in the upper and lower jaw which grow continually and must be kept short by gnawing. Most rodents are small though the capybara can weigh up to 45 kg (100 lb).
- Suborder: Sciurognathi
- Family: Sciuridae (squirrels)
- Subfamily: Sciurinae
- Tribe: Pteromyini
- Genus: Hylopetes
- Afghan Flying Squirrel Hylopetes baberi LR/nt
- Genus: Petaurista
- Red Giant Flying Squirrel Petaurista petaurista LR/lc
- Genus: Hylopetes
- Tribe: Pteromyini
- Subfamily: Callosciurinae
- Genus: Funambulus
- Northern Palm Squirrel Funambulus pennantii LR/lc
- Genus: Funambulus
- Subfamily: Xerinae
- Tribe: Xerini
- Genus: Spermophilopsis
- Long-clawed Ground Squirrel Spermophilopsis leptodactylus LR/lc
- Genus: Spermophilopsis
- Tribe: Marmotini
- Genus: Marmota
- Long-tailed Marmot Marmota caudata LR/nt
- Genus: Spermophilus
- Yellow Ground Squirrel Spermophilus fulvus LR/lc
- Genus: Marmota
- Tribe: Xerini
- Subfamily: Sciurinae
- Family: Gliridae (dormice)
- Subfamily: Leithiinae
- Genus: Dryomys
- Forest dormouse Dryomys nitedula LR/nt
- Genus: Dryomys
- Subfamily: Leithiinae
- Family: Dipodidae (jerboas)
- Subfamily: Allactaginae
- Genus: Allactaga
- Small Five-toed Jerboa Allactaga elater LR/lc
- Euphrates Jerboa Allactaga euphratica LR/nt
- Hotson's Jerboa Allactaga hotsoni LR/lc
- Genus: Allactaga
- Subfamily: Cardiocraniinae
- Genus: Salpingotus
- Thomas's Pygmy Jerboa Salpingotus thomasi DD
- Genus: Salpingotus
- Subfamily: Dipodinae
- Genus: Jaculus
- Blanford's Jerboa Jaculus blanfordi LR/lc
- Genus: Jaculus
- Subfamily: Allactaginae
- Family: Calomyscidae
- Genus: Calomyscus
- Baluchi Mouse-like Hamster Calomyscus baluchi LR/lc
- Afghan Mouse-like Hamster Calomyscus mystax LR/nt
- Genus: Calomyscus
- Family: Cricetidae
- Subfamily: Cricetinae
- Genus: Cricetulus
- Gray Dwarf Hamster Cricetulus migratorius LR/nt
- Genus: Cricetulus
- Subfamily: Arvicolinae
- Genus: Alticola
- Silver Mountain Vole Alticola argentatus LR/lc
- Genus: Blanfordimys
- Afghan Vole Blanfordimys afghanus LR/lc
- Bucharian Vole Blanfordimys bucharicus LR/nt
- Genus: Ellobius
- Southern Mole Vole Ellobius fuscocapillus LR/lc
- Genus: Microtus
- Juniper Vole Microtus juldaschi LR/lc
- Tien Shan Vole Microtus kirgisorum LR/lc
- Transcaspian Vole Microtus transcaspicus LR/lc
- Genus: Alticola
- Subfamily: Cricetinae
- Family: Muridae (mice, rats, voles, gerbils, hamsters, etc.)
- Subfamily: Gerbillinae
- Genus: Gerbillus
- Swarthy Gerbil Gerbillus aquilus LR/lc
- Gerbillus nanus LC
- Genus: Meriones
- Sundevall's Jird Meriones crassus LC
- Libyan Jird Meriones libycus LC
- Mid-day Jird Meriones meridianus LR/lc
- Persian Jird Meriones persicus LR/lc
- Zarudny's Jird Meriones zarudnyi EN
- Genus: Rhombomys
- Great Gerbil Rhombomys opimus LR/lc
- Genus: Tatera
- Indian Gerbil Tatera indica LR/lc
- Genus: Gerbillus
- Subfamily: Murinae
- Subfamily: Gerbillinae
- Family: Sciuridae (squirrels)
Order: Lagomorpha (lagomorphs)
The lagomorphs comprise two families, Leporidae (hares and rabbits), and Ochotonidae (pikas). Though they can resemble rodents, and were classified as a superfamily in that order until the early 20th century, they have since been considered a separate order. They differ from rodents in a number of physical characteristics, such as having four incisors in the upper jaw rather than two.
- Family: Ochotonidae (pikas)
- Genus: Ochotona
- Large-eared Pika Ochotona macrotis LR/lc
- Afghan Pika Ochotona rufescens LR/lc
- Turkestan Red Pika Ochotona rutila LR/lc
- Genus: Ochotona
- Family: Leporidae (rabbits,hares)
- Genus: Lepus
- Cape hare Lepus capensis LR/lc
- Genus: Lepus
Order: Erinaceomorpha (hedgehogs and gymnures)
The order Erinaceomorpha contains a single family, Erinaceidae, which comprise the hedgehogs and gymnures. The hedgehogs are easily recognised by their spines while gymnures look more like large rats.
- Family: Erinaceidae (hedgehogs)
- Subfamily: Erinaceinae
- Genus: Hemiechinus
- Long-eared Hedgehog Hemiechinus auritus LR/lc
- Brandt's Hedgehog Hemiechinus hypomelas LR/lc
- Genus: Hemiechinus
- Subfamily: Erinaceinae
Order: Soricomorpha (shrews, moles, and solenodons)
The "shrew-forms" are insectivorous mammals. The shrews and solenodons closely resemble mice while the moles are stout-bodied burrowers.
- Family: Soricidae (shrews)
- Subfamily: Crocidurinae
- Subfamily: Soricinae
- Tribe: Soricini
- Genus: Sorex
- Eurasian Pygmy Shrew Sorex minutus LR/lc
- Genus: Sorex
- Tribe: Soricini
Order: Chiroptera (bats)
The bats' most distinguishing feature is that their forelimbs are developed as wings, making them the only mammals in the world naturally capable of flight. Bat species account for about 20% of all mammals.
- Family: Vespertilionidae
- Subfamily: Myotinae
- Genus: Myotis
- Lesser Mouse-eared Bat Myotis blythii LR/lc
- Geoffroy's Bat Myotis emarginatus VU
- Hodgson's Bat Myotis formosus LR/lc
- Fraternal Myotis Myotis frater LR/nt
- Kashmir Cave Bat Myotis longipes VU
- Whiskered Myotis Myotis muricola LR/lc
- Whiskered bat Myotis mystacinus LR/lc
- Genus: Myotis
- Subfamily: Vespertilioninae
- Genus: Barbastella
- Eastern Barbastelle Barbastella leucomelas LR/lc
- Genus: Eptesicus
- Botta's Serotine Eptesicus bottae LC
- Gobi Big Brown Bat Eptesicus gobiensis LR/lc
- Sind Bat Eptesicus nasutus VU
- Serotine bat Eptesicus serotinus LR/lc
- Genus: Hypsugo
- Savi's Pipistrelle Hypsugo savii LR/lc
- Genus: Nyctalus
- Lesser Noctule Nyctalus leisleri LR/nt
- Mountain Noctule Nyctalus montanus LR/nt
- Genus: Otonycteris
- Desert Long-eared Bat Otonycteris hemprichii LR/lc
- Genus: Pipistrellus
- Indian Pipistrelle Pipistrellus coromandra LR/lc
- Java Pipistrelle Pipistrellus javanicus LR/lc
- Kuhl's Pipistrelle Pipistrellus kuhlii LC
- Common Pipistrelle Pipistrellus pipistrellus LC
- Least Pipistrelle Pipistrellus tenuis LR/lc
- Genus: Plecotus
- Grey long-eared bat Plecotus austriacus LR/lc
- Genus: Scotophilus
- Greater Asiatic Yellow Bat Scotophilus heathi LR/lc
- Genus: Vespertilio
- Parti-coloured bat Vespertilio murinus LR/lc
- Genus: Barbastella
- Subfamily: Miniopterinae
- Genus: Miniopterus
- Schreiber's Long-fingered Bat Miniopterus schreibersii LC
- Genus: Miniopterus
- Subfamily: Myotinae
- Family: Rhinopomatidae
- Genus: Rhinopoma
- Lesser Mouse-tailed Bat Rhinopoma hardwickei LC
- Small Mouse-tailed Bat Rhinopoma muscatellum LR/lc
- Genus: Rhinopoma
- Family: Molossidae
- Genus: Tadarida
- European Free-tailed Bat Tadarida teniotis LR/lc
- Genus: Tadarida
- Family: Megadermatidae
- Genus: Megaderma
- Megaderma lyra LR/lc
- Genus: Megaderma
- Family: Rhinolophidae
- Subfamily: Rhinolophinae
- Genus: Rhinolophus
- Blasius's Horseshoe Bat Rhinolophus blasii NT
- Bokhara Horseshoe Bat Rhinolophus bocharicus LR/lc
- Greater Horseshoe Bat Rhinolophus ferrumequinum LR/nt
- Lesser horseshoe bat Rhinolophus hipposideros LC
- Blyth's Horseshoe Bat Rhinolophus lepidus LR/lc
- Mehely's Horseshoe Bat Rhinolophus mehelyi VU
- Genus: Rhinolophus
- Subfamily: Hipposiderinae
- Genus: Asellia
- Trident Leaf-nosed Bat Asellia tridens LC
- Genus: Hipposideros
- Fulvus Roundleaf Bat Hipposideros fulvus LR/lc
- Genus: Asellia
- Subfamily: Rhinolophinae
Order: Carnivora (carnivorans)
There are over 260 species of carnivorans, the majority of which eat meat as their primary dietary item. They have a characteristic skull shape and dentition.
- Suborder: Feliformia
- Family: Felidae (cats)
- Subfamily: Felinae
- Genus: Acinonyx
- Asiatic Cheetah Acinonyx jubatus venaticus CR - Possibly Extinct
- Genus: Caracal
- Caracal Caracal caracal LC
- Genus: Felis
- Jungle Cat Felis chaus LC
- Sand Cat Felis margarita NT
- Wildcat Felis silvestris LC
- Pallas's Cat Felis manul NT
- Genus: Lynx
- Eurasian Lynx Lynx lynx NT
- Genus: Prionailurus
- Leopard Cat Prionailurus bengalensis LC
- Genus: Acinonyx
- Subfamily: Pantherinae
- Genus: Panthera
- Asiatic Lion Panthera leo persica EN - Regionally Extinct
- Persian Leopard Panthera pardus saxicolor EN
- Balochistan Leopard Panthera pardus sindica EN
- Caspian Tiger Panthera tigris virgata EX - Regionally Extinct
- Genus: Uncia
- Snow Leopard Uncia uncia EN
- Genus: Panthera
- Subfamily: Felinae
- Family: Viverridae (civets, mongooses, etc.)
- Subfamily: Paradoxurinae
- Genus: Paguma
- Masked Palm Civet Paguma larvata LR/lc
- Genus: Paguma
- Subfamily: Viverrinae
- Genus: Viverricula
- Small Indian Civet Viverricula indica LR/lc
- Genus: Viverricula
- Subfamily: Paradoxurinae
- Family: Herpestidae (mongooses)
- Genus: Herpestes
- Indian Gray Mongoose Herpestes edwardsii LR/lc
- Small Asian Mongoose Herpestes javanicus LR/lc
- Genus: Herpestes
- Family: Hyaenidae (hyaenas)
- Genus: Hyaena
- Striped Hyena Hyaena hyaena LR/nt
- Genus: Hyaena
- Family: Felidae (cats)
- Suborder: Caniformia
- Family: Canidae (dogs, foxes)
- Family: Ursidae (bears)
- Genus: Ursus
- Brown Bear Ursus arctos LR/lc
- Asiatic Black Bear Ursus thibetanus VU
- Genus: Ursus
- Family: Mustelidae (mustelids)
Order: Artiodactyla (even-toed ungulates)
The even-toed ungulates are ungulates whose weight is borne about equally by the third and fourth toes, rather than mostly or entirely by the third as in perissodactyls. There are about 220 artiodactyl species, including many that are of great economic importance to humans.
- Family: Suidae (pigs)
- Subfamily: Suinae
- Genus: Sus
- Boar Sus scrofa LR/lc
- Genus: Sus
- Subfamily: Suinae
- Family: Moschidae
- Genus: Moschus
- Kashmir Musk Deer Moschus cupreus EN
- Genus: Moschus
- Family: Cervidae (deer)
- Family: Bovidae (cattle, antelope, sheep, goats)
- Subfamily: Antilopinae
- Genus: Gazella
- Chinkara Gazella bennettii LC
- Goitered Gazelle Gazella subgutturosa VU
- Genus: Gazella
- Subfamily: Caprinae
- Subfamily: Antilopinae
Notes
- ↑ This list is derived from the IUCN Red List which lists species of mammals and includes those mammals that have recently been classified as extinct (since 1500 AD). The taxonomy and naming of the individual species is based on those used in existing Wikipedia articles as of 21 May 2007 and supplemented by the common names and taxonomy from the IUCN, Smithsonian Institution, or University of Michigan where no Wikipedia article was available.
- ↑ Mohammadian,H.An Introduction to Mammals of Afghanistan.Shabpareh Publishing Institute.2011.Tehran.Iran.ISBN 978-600-5038-15-6
References
- "The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species: Mammals of Afghanistan". IUCN. 2001. Retrieved 22 May 2007.
- "Mammal Species of the World". Smithsonian National Museum of Natural History. 2005. Archived from the original on 27 April 2007. Retrieved 22 May 2007.
- "Animal Diversity Web". University of Michigan Museum of Zoology. 1995–2006. Retrieved 22 May 2007.
See also
- List of chordate orders
- List of regional mammals lists
- List of prehistoric mammals
- Mammal classification
- New mammal species
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