List of major perpetrators of the Holocaust
This is a list of major perpetrators of The Holocaust.
Name | Photograph | Date of birth | Date of death | Age at death | Role | Fate |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Hitler, AdolfAdolf Hitler | ![]() |
April 20, 1889 | April 30, 1945 | 56 years, 10 days | Leader of the Nazi Party during the Third Reich
Chancellor of Germany |
Committed suicide by gunshot[1][2] |
Himmler, Heinrich LuitpoldHeinrich Luitpold Himmler | ![]() |
October 7, 1900 | May 23, 1945 | 44 years, 228 days | Reichsführer-SS Chief of German Police |
Arrested; committed suicide by biting down on a cyanide capsule |
Heydrich, Reinhard Tristan EugenReinhard Tristan Eugen Heydrich | ![]() |
March 7, 1904 | June 4, 1942 | 38 years, 89 days | Chief of the Reich Main Security Office Deputy Reich-Protector of Bohemia and Moravia (acting Protector) |
Assassinated in Operation Anthropoid |
Eichmann, Otto AdolfOtto Adolf Eichmann | ![]() |
March 19, 1906 | May 31, 1962 | 56 years, 73 days | Head of the Gestapo Office of Jewish Affairs (RSHA Sub-Department IV-B4). Charged by Reinhard Heydrich with facilitating and managing the mass deportations of Jews to ghettos and extermination camps in Eastern Europe. | Evaded arrest after the war and escaped to Argentina in 1950. Discovered and kidnapped by Israeli agents in May 1960; subsequently brought to Israel, tried and executed by hanging in June 1962. |
Göring, Hermann WilhelmHermann Wilhelm Göring | ![]() |
January 12, 1893 | October 15, 1946 | 53 years, 276 days | Commander-in-Chief of the Luftwaffe President of the Reichstag Reichsminister of Aviation |
Sentenced to death by hanging; committed suicide by cyanide poisoning |
Globocnik, OdiloOdilo Globocnik | ![]() |
April 21, 1904 | May 31, 1945 | 41 years, 40 days | SS and Police Leader in the General Government Head of Operation Reinhard |
Committed suicide by cyanide poisoning |
Eicke, TheodorTheodor Eicke | ![]() |
October 17, 1892 | February 26, 1943 | 50 years, 132 days | A major figure in the creation of the Nazi concentration camps First commander of SS Division Totenkopf, which became notorious for its war crimes. |
Killed in action |
Glücks, RichardRichard Glücks | ![]() |
April 22, 1889 | May 10, 1945 | 56 years, 18 days | Head of Concentration Camp Operations (Amt D: Konzentrationslagerwesen) in the SS Main Economic and Administrative DepartmentSS-Wirtschafts-Verwaltungshauptamt | Committed suicide by cyanide poisoning |
Kaltenbrunner, ErnstErnst Kaltenbrunner | ![]() |
October 4, 1903 | October 16, 1946 | 43 years, 12 days | Chief of the Reich Main Security Office after Heydrich was assassinated President of Interpol |
Executed by hanging |
Goebbels, Paul JosephPaul Joseph Goebbels | ![]() |
October 29, 1897 | May 1, 1945 | 47 years, 184 days | Ministry of Public Enlightenment and Propaganda
High-ranking Nazi Party member |
Committed suicide by gunshot |
Frank, Hans MichaelHans Michael Frank | ![]() |
May 23, 1900 | October 16, 1946 | 46 years, 146 days | Governor-General of the General Government | Executed by hanging |
Seyss-Inquart, ArthurArthur Seyss-Inquart | ![]() |
July 22, 1892 | October 16, 1946 | 54 years, 86 days | Ruler of the Netherlands after its conquest, and effectively deputy to Hans Frank in occupied Poland | Executed by hanging |
Daluege, KurtKurt Daluege | ![]() |
September 15, 1897 | October 24, 1946 | 49 years, 39 days | Chief of the Ordnungspolizei Deputy Reich-Protector of Bohemia and Moravia (acting Protector) |
Executed by hanging |
Rosenberg, Alfred ErnstAlfred Ernst Rosenberg | ![]() |
January 12, 1893 | October 16, 1946 | 53 years, 277 days | Nazi theoretician and head of the Reich Ministry for the Occupied Eastern Territories | Executed by hanging |
Freisler, RolandRoland Freisler | ![]() |
October 30, 1893 | February 3, 1945 | 51 years, 96 days | Prominent lawyer and judge in Nazi Germany | Killed during an Allied bombing raid |
Pohl, Oswald LudwigOswald Ludwig Pohl | June 30, 1892 | June 8, 1951 | 58 years, 343 days | Chief of the SS-Wirtschafts-Verwaltungshauptamt (SS Main Economic and Administrative Department), the central SS financial office responsible for overall administration of the concentration camps. | Executed by hanging | |
Greiser, ArthurArthur Greiser | ![]() |
January 22, 1897 | July 21, 1946 | 49 years, 180 days | Gauleiter of Wartheland; active participant in organising the Holocaust in Poland | Executed by hanging |
Brunner, AloisAlois Brunner | April 8, 1912 | c. 2010 | c. 98 | Deputy to Adolf Eichmann; organised the deportations of at least 140,000 Jews from France, Greece, Slovakia and Austria. Commandant of the Drancy internment camp | Escaped to Egypt around 1954, then fled to Syria. Served as a consultant to the al-Assad regime on torture techniques; died in Syria of natural causes around 2010. | |
Bormann, Martin LudwigMartin Ludwig Bormann | ![]() |
June 17, 1900 | May 2, 1945 | 44 years, 319 days | Head of the Nazi Party Chancellery
Private Secretary to Adolf Hitler |
Sentenced to death by hanging in absentia; believed to have committed suicide to avoid capture in Berlin; the buried body was not found until 1972; the remains were conclusively identified in 1998.[3][4] |
Brandt, Rudolf HermannRudolf Hermann Brandt | ![]() |
June 2, 1909 | June 2, 1948 | 39 years, 0 days | Chief of the Ministerial Office of the Reich Ministry of the Interior and personal deputy of administration to Heinrich Himmler | Executed by hanging |
Müller, HeinrichHeinrich Müller | April 28, 1900 | Chief of the Gestapo | Disappeared; believed to have died in May 1945 | |||
Keitel, Wilhelm Bodewin Johann GustavWilhelm Bodewin Johann Gustav Keitel | ![]() |
September 22, 1882 | October 16, 1946 | 64 years, 24 days | Minister of War and chief of the Supreme Command of the Armed Forces | Executed by hanging |
Höfle, Hermann Julius "Hans"Hermann Julius "Hans" Höfle | ![]() |
June 19, 1911 | August 20, 1962 | 51 years, 62 days | Coordinator of Operation Reinhard | Arrested; committed suicide by hanging |
Thomalla, Richard WolfgangRichard Wolfgang Thomalla | ![]() |
October 23, 1903 | May 12, 1945 | 41 years, 201 days | Head of extermination camp construction during Operation Reinhard | Executed by the NKVD (presumed) |
Lambert, Erwin HermannErwin Hermann Lambert | ![]() |
December 7, 1909 | October 15, 1976 | 66 years, 313 days | Head of gas chamber construction during Operation Reinhard | Arrested but acquitted |
Steubl, KarlKarl Steubl | October 25, 1910 | September 21, 1945 | 34 years, 331 days | Commander of transportation units during Operation Reinhard | Arrested; committed suicide | |
Bischoff, KarlKarl Bischoff | August 9, 1897 | October 2, 1950 | 53 years, 54 days | Head of extermination camp construction at Auschwitz II-Birkenau | Died without being suspected of a crime | |
Wirth, ChristianChristian Wirth | ![]() |
November 24, 1885 | May 26, 1944 | 58 years, 184 days | Inspector of Action T4 and Operation Reinhard;
Commandant of Bełżec, March 17, 1942—end of August 1942 (1/2) |
Assassinated |
Höss, Rudolf Franz FerdinandRudolf Franz Ferdinand Höss | ![]() |
November 25, 1900 | April 16, 1947 | 46 years, 142 days | Commandant of Auschwitz, May 4, 1940—December 1, 1943, May 8, 1944—January 18, 1945 (1/2) | Executed by hanging |
Liebehenschel, ArthurArthur Liebehenschel | ![]() |
November 25, 1901 | January 28, 1948 | 46 years, 64 days | Commandant of Auschwitz, December 1, 1943—May 8, 1944 (2/2);
Commandant of Majdanek, May 19, 1944—July 22, 1944 (5/5) |
Executed by hanging |
Eberl, IrmfriedIrmfried Eberl | ![]() |
September 8, 1910 | February 16, 1948 | 37 years, 161 days | Commandant of Treblinka, July 11, 1942—August 26, 1942 (1/3) | Arrested; committed suicide by hanging |
Stangl, Franz PaulFranz Paul Stangl | March 26, 1908 | June 28, 1971 | 63 years, 94 days | Commandant of Sobibór, April 28, 1942—August 30, 1942 (1/2);
Commandant of Treblinka, September 1, 1942—August 1943 (2/3) |
Arrested on February 28, 1967; sentenced to life imprisonment on October 22, 1970; died in prison | |
Franz, Kurt HubertKurt Hubert Franz | January 17, 1914 | July 4, 1998 | 84 years, 168 days | Commandant of Treblinka, August 1943—October 19, 1943 (3/3) | Arrested on December 2, 1959; sentenced to life imprisonment in 1965; released on health grounds in 1993 | |
Reichleitner, Franz KarlFranz Karl Reichleitner | ![]() |
December 2, 1906 | January 3, 1944 | 37 years, 32 days | Commandant of Sobibór, September 1, 1942—October 17, 1943 (2/2) | Assassinated |
Hering, GottliebGottlieb Hering | ![]() |
June 2, 1887 | October 9, 1945 | 58 years, 129 days | Commandant of Bełżec, end of August 1942—June 1943 (2/2) | Died of mysterious health complications |
Goeth, Amon LeopoldAmon Leopold Goeth | ![]() |
December 11, 1908 | September 13, 1946 | 37 years, 276 days | Commandant of Kraków-Płaszów (1/1) | Executed by hanging |
Mengele, Dr. JosefDr. Josef Mengele | ![]() |
March 16, 1911 | February 7, 1979 | 67 years, 328 days | Human medical experimentation, particularly children, and selection of prisoners to be gassed at Auschwitz | Escaped to Brazil; evaded arrest and died in 1979 |
Frank, Karl HermannKarl Hermann Frank | ![]() |
January 24, 1898 | May 22, 1946 | 48 years, 118 days | Higher SS and Police Leader (HSSPF) and State Minister for Bohemia and Moravia | Executed by hanging |
Rauter, Hanns AlbinHanns Albin Rauter | ![]() |
February 4, 1895 | March 24, 1949 | 54 years, 48 days | Higher SS and Police Leader (HSSPF) for the Netherlands | Executed by firing squad |
Oberg, CarlCarl Oberg | ![]() |
January 27, 1897 | June 3, 1965 | 68 years, 127 days | SS and Police Leader (HSSPF) for Radom (August 1941-May 1942) Higher SS and Police Leader (HSSPF) for France (May 1942-November 1944). Supreme German authority in France for anti-Jewish and anti-Resistance operations |
Sentenced to death - 1946, transferred to French custody and sentenced to death - 1954, commuted to life imprisonment in 1958, released November 1962 |
Wirths, Dr. EduardDr. Eduard Wirths | ![]() |
September 4, 1909 | September 20, 1945 | 36 years, 16 days | Human medical experimentation, and formal responsibility of medical staff at Auschwitz | Arrested; committed suicide by hanging |
Schumann, Dr. HorstDr. Horst Schumann | ![]() |
May 1, 1906 | May 5, 1983 | 77 years, 4 days | Human medical experimentation at Auschwitz | Arrested in 1966; released on health grounds on July 29, 1972 |
Clauberg, Dr. CarlDr. Carl Clauberg | September 28, 1898 | August 9, 1957 | 58 years, 315 days | Human medical experimentation at Auschwitz | Sentenced to 25 years imprisonment in 1948; released in 1955; re-arrested in West Germany, but died of a heart attack before being tried | |
Brack, Viktor HermannViktor Hermann Brack | ![]() |
November 9, 1904 | June 2, 1948 | 43 years, 206 days | Action T4;
Human medical experimentation |
Executed by hanging |
Gebhardt, Dr. Karl FranzDr. Karl Franz Gebhardt | ![]() |
November 23, 1897 | June 2, 1948 | 50 years, 192 days | Director of the German Red Cross and personal physician to Heinrich Himmler. Oversaw human medical experimentation of concentration camp inmates. | Executed by hanging |
Klein, Dr. FritzDr. Fritz Klein | ![]() |
November 24, 1888 | December 13, 1945 | 57 years, 19 days | Selection of prisoners to be gassed at Auschwitz | Executed by hanging |
Brandt, Dr. KarlDr. Karl Brandt | ![]() |
January 8, 1904 | June 2, 1948 | 44 years, 146 days | Co-director of Action T4 Conducted human medical experimentation |
Executed by hanging |
Bouhler, PhilippPhilipp Bouhler | ![]() |
September 11, 1899 | May 19, 1945 | 45 years, 250 days | Director of Action T4 | Arrested; committed suicide by cyanide poisoning |
Kramer, JosefJosef Kramer | November 10, 1906 | December 13, 1945 | 39 years, 33 days | Deputy commandant of Auschwitz
Commandant of Bergen-Belsen |
Executed by hanging | |
Aumeier, HansHans Aumeier | ![]() |
August 20, 1906 | January 28, 1948 | 41 years, 161 days | Deputy commandant of Auschwitz | Executed by hanging |
Hössler, FranzFranz Hössler | ![]() |
February 4, 1906 | December 13, 1945 | 39 years, 312 days | Deputy commandant of Auschwitz | Executed by hanging |
Fritzsch, KarlKarl Fritzsch | ![]() |
July 10, 1903 | May 2, 1945? | 41 years, 296 days? | Deputy commandant of Auschwitz | Disappeared in May 1945; fate uncertain |
Grabner, MaximilianMaximilian Grabner | ![]() |
October 2, 1905 | January 28, 1948 | 42 years, 118 days | Gestapo command (torture of prisoners) at Auschwitz | Executed by hanging |
Matthes, Heinrich ArthurHeinrich Arthur Matthes | ![]() |
January 11, 1902 | Deceased | Deputy commandant of Treblinka | Arrested in 1964; sentenced to life imprisonment on September 3, 1965 | |
Oberhauser, Josef KasparJosef Kaspar Oberhauser | January 21, 1915 | November 22, 1979 | 64 years, 305 days | Deputy commandant of Bełżec | Sentenced to 15 years in prison; released early on 28 April 1956 | |
Hackenholt, Lorenz MarieLorenz Marie Hackenholt | June 25, 1914 | December 31, 1945 | 31 years, 189 days | Gas chamber construction and executioner of Bełżec and other camps during Operation Reinhard | Declared legally dead | |
Niemann, JohannJohann Niemann | ![]() |
August 4, 1913 | October 14, 1943 | 30 years, 71 days | Deputy commandant of Bełżec and Sobibór | Assassinated during Sobibór revolt |
Wagner, Gustav FranzGustav Franz Wagner | July 18, 1911 | October 3, 1980 | 69 years, 77 days | Deputy commandant of Sobibór | Sentenced to death by hanging in absentia; evaded arrest for 35 years until found dead, believed to have committed suicide by stabbing | |
Frenzel, Karl August WilhelmKarl August Wilhelm Frenzel | August 28, 1911 | September 2, 1996 | 85 years, 5 days | Commandant of Camp I (forced labor camp) at Sobibór | Arrested on March 22, 1962; sentenced to life imprisonment on December 20, 1966; released on health grounds in 1982 | |
Michel, HermannHermann Michel | ![]() |
April 23, 1912 | 103 years, 7 days | Deputy commandant of Sobibór | Evaded arrest; whereabouts unknown | |
Bauer, Hermann ErichHermann Erich Bauer | ![]() |
March 26, 1900 | February 4, 1980 | 79 years, 315 days | Gas chamber executioner of Sobibór | Sentenced to death by hanging; commuted to life imprisonment; died in prison |
Bolender, Heinz KurtHeinz Kurt Bolender | ![]() |
May 21, 1912 | October 10, 1966 | 54 years, 142 days | Gas chamber executioner of Sobibór | Arrested in May 1961; committed suicide by hanging |
Stroop, JürgenJürgen Stroop | ![]() |
September 26, 1895 | March 6, 1952 | 56 years, 162 days | Suppression and destruction of the Warsaw Ghetto Uprising | Executed by hanging |
Krüger, Friedrich-WilhelmFriedrich-Wilhelm Krüger | February 27, 1894 | May 9, 1945 | 51 years, 71 days | SS and Police Leader in occupied Poland | Committed suicide | |
Streckenbach, Bruno HeinrichBruno Heinrich Streckenbach | ![]() |
February 7, 1902 | October 28, 1977 | 75 years, 263 days | Trained the Einsatzgruppen; commander of Einsatzgruppe I in Poland | Sentenced to 25 years imprisonment in 1952; released on October 10, 1955 |
Jeckeln, Friedrich AugustFriedrich August Jeckeln | ![]() |
February 2, 1895 | February 3, 1946 | 51 year, 1 day | Responsible for Rumbula, Babi Yar, and Kamianets-Podilskyi massacres | Executed by hanging |
Stahlecker, Franz WalterFranz Walter Stahlecker | ![]() |
October 10, 1900 | March 23, 1942 | 41 years, 164 days | (Commander of Einsatzgruppe A, Baltic states, June 22, 1941–March 23, 1942 (1/5) | Killed in action |
Jost, HeinzHeinz Jost | ![]() |
July 9, 1904 | November 12, 1964 | 60 years, 126 days | Commander of Einsatzgruppe A, Baltic states, March 29, 1942–September 2, 1942 (2/5) | Sentenced to life imprisonment in 1945; commuted to 10 years; released in 1951 |
Achamer-Pifrader, HumbertHumbert Achamer-Pifrader | November 21, 1900 | April 25, 1945 | 44 years, 155 days | Commander of Einsatzgruppe A, Baltic states, September 10, 1942–September 4, 1943 (3/5) | Killed in air raid | |
Panzinger, FriedrichFriedrich Panzinger | February 1, 1903 | August 8, 1959 | 56 years, 188 days | Commander of Einsatzgruppe A, Baltic states, September 5, 1943–May 6, 1944 (4/5) Chief of the Kripo (2/2) |
Arrested; committed suicide | |
Fuchs, WilhelmWilhelm Fuchs | September 1, 1898 | January 24, 1947 | 48 years, 145 days | Commander of Einsatzgruppe A, Baltic states, May 6, 1944–October 10, 1944 (5/5);
Commander of Einsatzkommando 3, September 15, 1943–May 27, 1944 |
Executed | |
Strauch, EduardEduard Strauch | ![]() |
August 17, 1906 | September 15, 1955 | 49 years, 29 days | Commander of Einsatzkommando 2, Latvia (Rumbula), November 4, 1941–December 2, 1941;
Commander of Sonderkommando 1b, March 1942–August 1942 |
Sentenced to death by hanging in 1948; died in prison |
Lange, RudolfRudolf Lange | April 18, 1910 | February 23, 1945 | 34 years, 311 days | Commander of Einsatzkommando 2, Latvia, December 3, 1941–1944 | Believed to have been killed in action | |
Jäger, KarlKarl Jäger | September 20, 1888 | June 22, 1959 | 70 years, 275 days | Commander of Einsatzkommando 3, Lithuania, June 1941–August 1, 1943 | Discovered and arrested in 1959; committed suicide | |
Schaper, HermannHermann Schaper | August 12, 1911 | deceased after 2002 | over 90 years | Commander of Einsatzgruppe B, Poland | Arrested in 1964; released due to insufficient evidence | |
Nebe, ArthurArthur Nebe | ![]() |
November 13, 1894 | March 21, 1945 | 50 years, 128 days | Commander of Einsatzgruppe B, Belarus, June 1941–November 1941 (1/5) Chief of the Kripo (1/2) President of Interpol |
Executed by Nazi Germany for involvement in the failed 20 July 1944 attempt to kill Adolf Hitler |
Naumann, ErichErich Naumann | April 29, 1905 | June 8, 1951 | 46 years, 40 days | Commander of Einsatzgruppe B, Belarus, November 1941–March 1943 (2/5) | Executed by hanging | |
Böhme, HorstHorst Böhme | August 24, 1909 | April 10, 1945 | 35 years, 229 days | Lidice Commander of Einsatzgruppe B, Belarus, March 12, 1943–August 28, 1943, August 12, 1944 (3/5); Commander of Einsatzgruppe C, north and central Ukraine, September 6, 1943–March 1944 (3/3) |
Presumed killed in action in Königsberg, East Prussia; officially declared dead in 1954 | |
Ehrlinger, ErichErich Ehrlinger | October 14, 1910 | July 31, 2004 | 93 years, 291 days | Commander of Einsatzgruppe B, Belarus, August 28, 1943–April 1944 (4/5);
Commander of Sonderkommando 1b, June 1941–November 1941 |
Arrested in December 1958; sentenced to 12 years imprisonment | |
Seetzen, Heinrich OttoHeinrich Otto Seetzen | June 22, 1906 | September 28, 1945 | 39 years, 98 days | Commander of Einsatzgruppe B, Belarus, April 28, 1944–August 1944 (5/5);
Commander of Einsatzkommando 10a, Moldova, south Ukraine, the Crimea, and north Caucasus, June 1941–July 1942 |
Arrested in September 1945; committed suicide by cyanide poisoning. | |
Bradfisch, OttoOtto Bradfisch | May 10, 1903 | June 22, 1994 | 91 years, 43 days | Commander of Einsatzkommando 8, Belarus, June 1941–April 1, 1942 | Arrested on April 21, 1958; sentenced to 13 years imprisonment in 1963 | |
Rasch, Emil OttoEmil Otto Rasch | ![]() |
December 7, 1891 | November 1, 1948 | 56 years, 330 days | Commander of Einsatzgruppe C, north and central Ukraine, June 1941–October 1941 (1/3) | Arrested; removed from trial on health grounds; died in prison |
Thomas, MaxMax Thomas | August 4, 1891 | December 6, 1945 | 54 years, 124 days | Commander of Einsatzgruppe C, north and central Ukraine, October 1941–April 29, 1943 (2/3) | Committed suicide | |
Blobel, PaulPaul Blobel | ![]() |
August 13, 1894 | June 8, 1951 | 56 years, 299 days | Commander of Einsatzkommando 4a, Ukraine (Babi Yar), June 1941–January 13, 1942;
Director of Sonderaktion 1005 |
Executed by hanging |
Ohlendorf, OttoOtto Ohlendorf | February 4, 1907 | June 8, 1951 | 44 years, 124 days | Commander of Einsatzgruppe D, Moldova, south Ukraine, the Crimea, and north Caucasus, June 1941–July 1942 (1/2) | Executed by hanging | |
Bierkamp, WaltherWalther Bierkamp | December 17, 1901 | May 15, 1945 | 43 years, 149 days | Commander of Einsatzgruppe D, Moldova, south Ukraine, the Crimea, and north Caucasus, July 1942–March 1943 (2/2) | Committed suicide | |
Braune, WernerWerner Braune | ![]() |
April 11, 1909 | June 8, 1951 | 42 years, 58 days | Commander of Einsatzkommando 11b, south Ukraine and the Crimea, October 1941–September 1942 | Executed by hanging |
Mandel, MariaMaria Mandel | ![]() |
January 10, 1912 | January 24, 1948 | 36 years, 14 days | Commandant of female camp at Auschwitz | Executed by hanging |
Grese, Irma Ida IlseIrma Ida Ilse Grese | ![]() |
October 7, 1924 | December 13, 1945 | 21 years, 67 days | Warden of the women's section of Bergen-Belsen, and later Auschwitz | Executed by hanging |