List of longest rivers of Canada

The Finlay River flows into the Peace River, which flows into the Slave River and hence into the Great Slave Lake. The Mackenzie River main stem flows generally northwest from the Great Slave Lake to the Beaufort Sea.
The Mackenzie River is the longest stream in Canada if measured from its mouth on the Beaufort Sea to the headwaters of the Finlay River, a major upstream tributary. The main stem, a much shorter segment of the Mackenzie, is marked in dark blue.

Among the longest rivers of Canada are 47 streams of at least 600 km (370 mi). In the case of some rivers such as the Columbia, the length listed in the table below is solely that of the main stem. In the case of others such as the Mackenzie, it is the combined lengths of the main stem and one or more upstream tributaries, as noted. Excluded from the list are rivers such as the Dauphin, a short connecting link between lakes Manitoba and Winnipeg, with main stems of 100 km (62 mi) or less. Also excluded are rivers such as the Mississippi, the main stems of which do not enter Canada even though some of their tributaries do.

Nine rivers in this list cross international boundaries or form them. Four—the Yukon, Columbia, Porcupine, and Kootenay—begin in Canada and flow into the United States. Five—the Milk, Pend d'Oreille, Saint Lawrence, Red, and Saint John—begin in the United States and flow into Canada. Of these, the Milk and the Kootenay cross the international border twice, the Milk leaving and then re-entering the United States, the Kootenay leaving and then re-entering Canada.[1] The drainage basins of these nine rivers extend into both countries; in addition, the drainage basins of six others—the Fraser, Assiniboine, South Saskatchewan, Saskatchewan, Nelson, and Winnipeg—extend into the United States even though their main stems flow entirely within Canada.

Sources report hydrological quantities with varied precision. Biologist and author Ruth Patrick, describing a table of high-discharge rivers, wrote that data on discharge, drainage area, and length varied widely among authors whose works she consulted. "It seems," she said, "that the wisest course is to regard data tables such as the present one as showing the general ranks of rivers, and not to place too much importance on minor (10–20%) differences in figures."[2]

Table

The primary source for data in the table below is The Atlas of Canada; other sources are as noted. Discharge refers to the flow at the mouth except as noted. U.S. states appear in italics. Abbreviations are as follows: "km" for "kilometre", "mi" for "mile", "s" for "second", "m" for "metre", and "ft" for "foot".

Key
River is not entirely within Canada. River is not entirely within Canada.
Watershed is not entirely within Canada. Watershed is not entirely within Canada.
Longest rivers of Canada
# Name Mouth Length[3] Source[n 1] Watershed
area[3]		 Discharge[3][5] Provinces,
states		 Image
1 Mackenzie RiverBeaufort Sea
69°21′59″N 133°54′10″W / 69.36639°N 133.90278°W[6]		4,241 km
2,635 mi
[n 2]		Thutade Lake
56°44′00″N 127°31′00″W / 56.73333°N 127.51667°W		1,805,200 km2
697,000 mi2 		9,700 m3/s
340,000 ft3/s		Northwest Territories
A frozen river passes through flat country. Short trees grow on the riverbanks; tall mountains are in the far distance.
2 Yukon RiverBering Sea
62°35′55″N 164°48′00″W / 62.59861°N 164.80000°W[8]		3,185 km
1,979 mi
dagger[n 3]		Teslin Lake
59°37′00″N 132°09′00″W / 59.61667°N 132.15000°W		839,200 km2
324,000 mi2
double-dagger[n 4] 		6,340 m3/s
224,000 ft3/s[9]		British Columbia, Yukon, Alaska
Sunset over a large river flowing through mountains.
3 Saint Lawrence RiverGulf of Saint Lawrence
49°40′00″N 64°30′00″W / 49.66667°N 64.50000°W[10] 		3,058 km
1,900 mi
dagger[n 5]		Seven Beaver Lake
47°30′04″N 91°49′51″W / 47.50111°N 91.83083°W[11] 		1,344,200 km2
519,000 mi2
double-dagger[n 6]		 9,850 m3/s
348,000 ft3/s		Minnesota, Wisconsin, Ontario, Michigan, Ohio, New York, Quebec
A large ship travels along a large river bordered by vegetation on one bank and urban development on the other.
4 Nelson RiverHudson Bay
57°04′05″N 92°30′08″W / 57.06806°N 92.50222°W[12] 		2,575 km
1,600 mi
[n 7]		Bow Glacier
51°40′00″N 116°27′00″W / 51.66667°N 116.45000°W		892,300 km2
344,500 mi2
double-dagger[n 8]		2,370 m3/s
84,000 ft3/s		Manitoba
Native people sit in canoes along the shore of a very wide flat river.
5 Slave RiverGreat Slave Lake
61°18′00″N 113°40′04″W / 61.30000°N 113.66778°W[13] 		2,338 km
1,453 mi
[n 9]		Thutade Lake
56°44′00″N 127°31′00″W / 56.73333°N 127.51667°W 		616,400 km2
238,000 mi2		3,437 m3/s
121,400 ft3/s[14]		Alberta, Northwest Territories
White birds with wide orange beaks swim near a rocky ledge of a swift wide river.
6 Columbia RiverPacific Ocean
46°14′39″N 124°03′29″W / 46.24417°N 124.05806°W[15]		2,000 km
1,243 mi
dagger[n 10] 		Columbia Lake
50°09′53″N 115°50′19″W / 50.16472°N 115.83861°W		671,300 km2
259,200 mi2
double-dagger[n 11] 		7,730 m3/s
273,000 ft3/s[16] 		British Columbia, Washington, Oregon
A large river flows through a wooded gorge.
7 Saskatchewan RiverLake Winnipeg
53°11′20″N 99°15′18″W / 53.18889°N 99.25500°W[17] 		1,939 km
1,205 mi
[n 12]		Bow Glacier
51°40′00″N 116°27′00″W / 51.66667°N 116.45000°W
335,900 km2
129,700 mi2
double-dagger[n 13] 		700 m3/s
25,000 ft3/s 		Saskatchewan, Manitoba
A wide river flows under a bridge.
8 Peace RiverSlave River
59°00′01″N 111°24′47″W / 59.00028°N 111.41306°W[18]		1,923 km
1,195 mi
[n 14]		 Thutade Lake
56°44′00″N 127°31′00″W / 56.73333°N 127.51667°W 		302,500 km2
116,800 mi2		2,118 m3/s
74,800 ft3/s[19]		British Columbia, Alberta
Brilliant sunset over a wide river flowing through woods
9 Churchill River (Hudson Bay)Hudson Bay
58°47′45″N 94°12′15″W / 58.79583°N 94.20417°W[20]		1,609 km
1,000 mi
[n 15]		Churchill Lake
55°49′02″N 108°22′52″W / 55.81722°N 108.38111°W		281,300 km2
108,600 mi2		1,200 m3/s
42,000 ft3/s		Alberta, Saskatchewan, Manitoba
A medium-sized river rushes through rapids in the woods.
10 South Saskatchewan RiverSaskatchewan River
53°15′00″N 105°05′02″W / 53.25000°N 105.08389°W[21]		1,392 km
865 mi
[n 16]		Bow Glacier
51°40′00″N 116°27′00″W / 51.66667°N 116.45000°W 		146,100 km2
56,400 mi2
double-dagger[n 17] 		280 m3/s
9,900  ft3/s 		Alberta, Saskatchewan
The surface of a wide river approaching a city is almost completely frozen.
11 Fraser RiverStrait of Georgia
49°07′00″N 123°10′59″W / 49.11667°N 123.18306°W[22]		1,370 km
850 mi		Fraser Pass
52°32′01″N 118°19′39″W / 52.53361°N 118.32750°W		233,100 km2
90,000 mi2
double-dagger[n 18] 		3,540 m3/s
125,000 ft3/s 		British Columbia
Men in canoes descend wild rapids in a river canyon.
12 North Saskatchewan RiverSaskatchewan River
53°15′00″N 105°05′02″W / 53.25000°N 105.08389°W[23] 		1,287 km
800 mi		Saskatchewan Glacier
52°14′33″N 117°09′05″W / 52.24250°N 117.15139°W		122,800 km2
47,400 mi2 		245 m3/s
8,700 ft3/s 		Alberta, Saskatchewan
A wide river winds by a fenced overlook opposite a forest. The setting sun illuminates a partly cloudy sky.
13 Ottawa RiverSaint Lawrence River
45°33′59″N 74°23′11″W / 45.56639°N 74.38639°W[24] 		1,271 km
790 mi		Laurentian Mountains
47°36′00″N 75°43′40″W / 47.60000°N 75.72778°W 		146,300 km2
56,500 mi2		1,950 m3/s
69,000 ft3/s 		Quebec, Ontario
A dock extends from the shore of an extremely wide river.
14 Athabasca RiverLake Athabasca
58°59′05″N 110°51′23″W / 58.98472°N 110.85639°W[25]		1,231 km
765 mi 		Columbia Icefield
52°11′14″N 117°28′27″W / 52.18722°N 117.47417°W		95,300 km2
36,800 mi2
[n 19] 		783 m3/s
27,700 ft3/s[26] 		Alberta
A river flows by a cliff and through a snow-covered forest.
15 Liard RiverMacKenzie River
61°50′55″N 121°18′35″W / 61.84861°N 121.30972°W[27] 		1,115 km
693 mi[28] 		Saint Cyr Range
61°11′08″N 131°45′36″W / 61.18556°N 131.76000°W		277,100 km2
107,000 mi2 		2,446 m3/s
86,400 ft3/s[29]		Yukon, British Columbia, Northwest Territories
A wide flat river flows along a rocky shore toward a mountain range in the far distance.
16 Assiniboine RiverRed River
49°53′09″N 97°07′41″W / 49.88583°N 97.12806°W[30]		1,070 km
660 mi		near Hazel Dell
52°15′53″N 103°08′48″W / 52.26472°N 103.14667°W		182,000 km2
70,000 mi2
double-dagger[n 20] 		45 m3/s
1,600 ft3/s		Saskatchewan, Manitoba
17 Milk RiverMissouri River
48°03′26″N 106°19′07″W / 48.05722°N 106.31861°W[31] 		1,005 km
625 mi
dagger[n 21]		Blackfeet Indian Reservation
48°51′20″N 113°01′10″W / 48.85556°N 113.01944°W[31]		61,200 km2
23,600 mi2
double-dagger[n 22]		18.9 m3/s
670 ft3/s[33]		Alberta, Montana
A small river winds through a rocky, grass-covered plateau. Hills rise in the distance.
18 Albany RiverJames Bay
52°17′00″N 81°30′59″W / 52.28333°N 81.51639°W[34] 		982 km
610 mi
[n 23]		Cat Lake
51°45′00″N 91°53′00″W / 51.75000°N 91.88333°W 		135,200 km2
52,200 mi2 		251 m3/s
8,900 ft3/s
[n 24] 		Ontario
Large trucks, widely spaced, travel single-file across a frozen river.
19 Severn River Hudson Bay
56°03′22″N 87°34′36″W / 56.05611°N 87.57667°W[36] 		982 km
610 mi
[n 25]		Deer Lake
52°37′00″N 94°40′00″W / 52.61667°N 94.66667°W		102,800 km2
39,700 mi2 		645 m3/s
22,800 ft3/s
[n 26] 		Ontario
20 Back RiverChantrey Inlet
67°16′00″N 95°15′00″W / 67.26667°N 95.25000°W[39] 		974 km
605 mi
[n 27]		near Aylmer Lake
64°25′00″N 108°27′00″W / 64.41667°N 108.45000°W 		106,500 km2
41,120 mi2 		612 m3/s
21,600 ft3/s[40] 		Northwest Territories, Nunavut
21 Thelon RiverBaker Lake
64°16′30″N 96°04′35″W / 64.27500°N 96.07639°W[41] 		904 km
562 mi		Lynx Lake
62°20′36″N 106°02′18″W / 62.34333°N 106.03833°W		 142,400 km2
55,000 mi2		840 m3/s
30,000 ft3/s		Northwest Territories, Nunavut
A wide river flows slowly through a forest of short, widely spaced evergreen trees.
22 La Grande RiverJames Bay
53°50′03″N 79°03′20″W / 53.83417°N 79.05556°W[42] 		893 km
555 mi 		Lac Nichicun
53°12′30″N 70°56′00″W / 53.20833°N 70.93333°W		97,600 km2
37,700 mi2 		1,690 m3/s
60,000 ft3/s		Quebec
Sunset over a river winding through thick evergreen forests.
23 Red RiverLake Winnipeg
50°23′47″N 96°48′39″W / 50.39639°N 96.81083°W[43]		890 km
545 mi
dagger[n 28]		Wahpeton and Breckinridge
46°15′52″N 96°35′55″W / 46.26444°N 96.59861°W[45]		287,500 km2
111,000 mi2
double-dagger[n 29]		236 m3/s
8,300 ft3/s[46]		North Dakota, Minnesota, Manitoba
A small river flows through a prairie landscape; brown grasses and leafless trees line the banks.
24 Koksoak RiverUngava Bay
58°32′11″N 68°09′29″W / 58.53639°N 68.15806°W[47]		874 km
543 mi
[n 30]		Lake Sevestre
52°32′23″N 68°01′15″W / 52.53972°N 68.02083°W 		133,400 km2
51,500 mi2		2,800 m3/s
99,000 ft3/s 		Quebec
25 Churchill River (Atlantic)Atlantic Ocean
53°20′58″N 60°10′39″W / 53.34944°N 60.17750°W[48]		856 km
532 mi
[n 31]		Ashuanipi Lake
52°59′20″N 66°14′28″W / 52.98889°N 66.24111°W 		79,800 km2
30,800 mi2		1,580 m3/s
56,000 ft3/s 		Labrador
26 Coppermine RiverCoronation Gulf
67°49′09″N 115°03′50″W / 67.81917°N 115.06389°W[49]		845 km
525 mi		Lac de Gras
64°35′02″N 111°11′24″W / 64.58389°N 111.19000°W		50,800 km2
19,600 mi2[50]		262 m3/s
9,300 ft3/s
[n 32]		Northwest Territories, Nunavut
Canoes and tents rest on a sandy spit along a river.
27 Dubawnt RiverThelon River
64°32′59″N 100°06′00″W / 64.54972°N 100.10000°W[51] 		842 km
523 mi 		Abitau Lake
60°21′00″N 107°09′00″W / 60.35000°N 107.15000°W		57,500 km2
22,200 mi2 		366 m3/s
12,900 ft3/s
[n 33] 		Northwest Territories, Nunavut
28 Winnipeg RiverLake Winnipeg
50°37′54″N 96°19′13″W / 50.63167°N 96.32028°W[53]		813 km
505 mi
[n 34]		Trap Lake
49°12′42″N 90°26′58″W / 49.21167°N 90.44944°W		135,800 km2
52,400 mi2
double-dagger[n 35] 		850 m3/s
30,000 ft3/s[54]		Ontario, Manitoba
Men in canoes approach a tent encampment along a wide river.
29 Kootenay RiverColumbia River
49°19′0″N 117°39′0″W / 49.31667°N 117.65000°W[55]		780 km
485 mi
dagger		Beaverfoot Range
51°03′21″N 116°21′55″W / 51.05583°N 116.36528°W 		50,300 km2
19,400 mi2
double-dagger[n 36] 		850 m3/s
30,000 ft3/s		British Columbia, Montana, Idaho
A river flows through forested hills.
30 Nottaway River James Bay
51°22′33″N 78°55′45″W / 51.37583°N 78.92917°W		776 km
482 mi
[n 37]
Lake Gilles
48°07′00″N 75°38′00″W / 48.11667°N 75.63333°W 		65,800 km2
25,400 mi2 		1,190 m3/s
42000 ft3/s 		Quebec
31 Rupert River James Bay
51°29′35″N 78°45′01″W / 51.49306°N 78.75028°W[56] 		763 km
474 mi
[n 38]		north of Lake Mistassini
52°13′11″N 71°32′19″W / 52.21972°N 71.53861°W 		43,400 km2
16,800 mi2		900 m3/s
32,000 ft3/s 		Quebec
A medium-sized river plunges down rapids surrounded by forests.
32 Eastmain RiverJames Bay
52°14′30″N 78°33′38″W / 52.24167°N 78.56056°W[57] 		756 km
470 mi		Lac Bréhat
52°31′30″N 70°52′00″W / 52.52500°N 70.86667°W 		46,400 km2
17,900 mi2 		930 m3/s
33,000 ft3/s 		Quebec
A frozen river winds through a snowy forest.
33 Attawapiskat River James Bay
52°57′12″N 82°17′43″W / 52.95333°N 82.29528°W[58] 		748 km
465 mi
[n 39]		Attawapiskat Lake
52°10′00″N 87°37′00″W / 52.16667°N 87.61667°W		50,500 km2
19,500 mi2 		263 m3/s
9,300 ft3/s
[n 40] 		Ontario
34 Kazan River Thelon River
64°02′30″N 95°29′04″W / 64.04167°N 95.48444°W[60]		732 km
455 mi
[n 41]		Ennadai Lake
60°55′00″N 101°20′00″W / 60.91667°N 101.33333°W		71,500 km2
27,600 mi2		540 m3/s
19,000 ft3/s 		Nunavut
35 Red Deer RiverSouth Saskatchewan River
50°58′05″N 110°00′00″W / 50.96806°N 110.00000°W[61]		724 km
450 mi		Sawback Range
51°32′19″N 116°02′46″W / 51.53861°N 116.04611°W 		45,100 km2
17,400 mi2 		70 m3/s
2,500 ft3/s		Alberta
A suspension bridge crosses a wide river.
36 Great Whale River Hudson Bay
55°15′58″N 77°47′04″W / 55.26611°N 77.78444°W[62] 		724 km
450 mi		Lake Saint-Lusson
54°49′30″N 70°32′17″W / 54.82500°N 70.53806°W 		42,700 km2
16,500 mi2 		680 m3/s
24,000 ft3/s		Quebec
37 Porcupine RiverYukon River
66°35′42″N 145°18′32″W / 66.59500°N 145.30889°W[8]		721 km
448 mi
dagger		Ogilvie Mountains
66°32′10″N 138°22′16″W / 66.53611°N 138.37111°W		117,900 km2
45,500 mi2
double-dagger[n 42] 		414 m3/s
14,600 ft3/s[63] 		Yukon, Alaska
A wide river curves by a rocky shore and across a flat plain.
38 Pend d'Oreille RiverColumbia River
48°59′59″N 117°37′00″W / 48.99972°N 117.61667°W[64]		703 km
437 mi
dagger[n 43]		near Butte
46°04′32″N 112°27′56″W / 46.07556°N 112.46556°W[68] 		66,900 km2
25,800 mi2
double-dagger[n 44] 		820 m3/s
29,000 ft3/s[69] 		Idaho, Washington, British Columbia
A two-part dam, connected in the middle by an island, blocks a large river downstream of a railroad bridge.
39 Hay RiverGreat Slave Lake
60°51′50″N 115°44′04″W / 60.86389°N 115.73444°W[70] 		702 km
436 mi		near Zama Lake
58°14′14″N 118°51′34″W / 58.23722°N 118.85944°W 		48,200 km2
18,600 mi2		113 m3/s
4,000 ft3/s[71] 		Alberta, Northwest Territories
40 Saguenay RiverSaint Lawrence River
48°07′59″N 69°43′59″W / 48.13306°N 69.73306°W[72] 		698 km
434 mi
[n 45]		near Otish Mountains
52°16′17″N 70°48′38″W / 52.27139°N 70.81056°W 		88,000 km2
34,000 mi2 		1,750 m3/s
62,000 ft3/s 		Quebec
A very wide river flows between low lines of hills.
41 Anderson RiverBeaufort Sea
69°43′00″N 129°00′09″W / 69.71667°N 129.00250°W[73]		692 km
430 mi		northwest of Great Bear Lake
66°57′00″N 124°36′00″W / 66.95000°N 124.60000°W 		142 m3/s
5,000 ft3/s
[n 46]		Northwest Territories
42 Peel RiverMackenzie River
67°41′49″N 134°31′58″W / 67.69694°N 134.53278°W[74] 		684 km
425 mi
[n 47]		Gill Lake
65°19′00″N 139°49′00″W / 65.31667°N 139.81667°W		73,600 km2
28,400 mi2		103 m3/s
3,600 ft3/s[75] 		Yukon, Northwest Territories
43 Saint John RiverBay of Fundy
45°16′00″N 66°04′00″W / 45.26667°N 66.06667°W		673 km
418 mi
dagger		Somerset County
46°33′47″N 69°53′05″W / 46.56306°N 69.88472°W 		55,200 km2
21,300 mi2
double-dagger[n 48]		1,130 m3/s
40,000 ft3/s 		Maine, New Brunswick
A flooding river has inundated roads, trees, and an elegant building.
44 Stewart RiverYukon River
63°17′30″N 139°24′42″W / 63.29167°N 139.41167°W[76] 		644 km
400 mi		Selwyn Mountains
64°06′35″N 131°42′25″W / 64.10972°N 131.70694°W 		51,000 km2
20,000 mi2 		675 m3/s
23,800 ft3/s[77] 		Yukon
A wide river flows through hills. A sign in the foreground says "Stewart River".
45 Horton RiverFranklin Bay
69°56′00″N 126°48′09″W / 69.93333°N 126.80250°W[78]		618 km
384 mi		Kitikmeot Region, Nunavut
67°51′00″N 120°33′00″W / 67.85000°N 120.55000°W 		26,680 km2
10,300 mi2[79] 		Nunavut, Northwest Territories
A big river winds across a plain near a bluff.
46 English RiverWinnipeg River
50°12′04″N 95°00′12″W / 50.20111°N 95.00333°W[80]		615 km
382 mi		near Marmion Lake
49°06′00″N 91°16′00″W / 49.10000°N 91.26667°W 		52,300 km2
20,200 mi2		 Ontario
47 Pelly RiverYukon River
62°46′46″N 137°20′13″W / 62.77944°N 137.33694°W[81]		608 km
378 mi		Mackenzie Mountains
62°49′00″N 129°53′00″W / 62.81667°N 129.88333°W		51,000 km2
20,000 mi2		410 m3/s
14,000 ft3/s 		Yukon
A wide river winds through a forest and by a town.

Map

Map showing the location of the rivers on the list
Rivers on this list shown on a map of Canada

See also

Notes and references

Notes
  1. ↑ Except as noted, source coordinates were derived via a topographic map search engine embedded in The Atlas of Canada.[4]
  2. ↑ To the head of the Finlay River.[7]
  3. ↑ To the head of the Nisutlin River. Of the total length of 3,185 km (1,979 mi), 1,149 km (714 mi) (about 36 percent) are in Canada.[7]
  4. ↑ Split between 323,800 km2 (125,000 mi2), about 39 percent, in Canada and 515,400 km2 (199,000 mi2), about 61 percent, in the United States.[7]
  5. ↑ To the head of the Saint Louis River in Minnesota.[7]
  6. ↑ Split between 839,200 km2 (324,000 mi2) (about 62 percent) in Canada and 505,000 km2 (195,000 mi2) (about 38 percent) in the United States.[7]
  7. ↑ To the head of the Bow River.[7]
  8. ↑ Split between 690,900 square kilometres (266,800 sq mi), about 77 percent, in Canada and 201,400 square kilometres (77,800 sq mi), about 23 percent, in the United States. The totals for the two countries were derived by adding the U.S. watershed subtotals for the Assiniboine, Red, Winnipeg, and Saskatchewan rivers, which feed into the Nelson.[7]
  9. ↑ Derived by adding the length of the Peace River (measured from its mouth to the headwaters of the Finlay River) to the length of the main stem of the Slave River.[7]
  10. ↑ About 801 km (498 mi), 40 percent of the total, are in Canada.[7]
  11. ↑ Split between 102,800 km2 (39,700 mi2) (about 15 percent) in Canada and 568,500 km2 (219,500 mi2) (about 85 percent) in the United States.[7]
  12. ↑ To the head of the Bow River.[7]
  13. ↑ Split between 334,100 km2 (129,000 sq mi) (about 99.5 percent) in Canada and 1,800 km2 (690 sq mi) (about 0.5 percent) in the United States.[7]
  14. ↑ To the head of the Finlay River.[7]
  15. ↑ To the head of Churchill Lake.[7]
  16. ↑ To the head of the Bow River.[7]
  17. ↑ Split between 144,300 km2 (55,700 sq mi) (about 99 percent) in Canada and 1,800 km2 (690 sq mi) (about 1 percent) in the United States.[7]
  18. ↑ Split between 232,300 km2 (89,700 sq mi) (about 99.7 percent) in Canada and 800 km2 (310 sq mi) (about 0.3 percent) in the United States.[7]
  19. ↑ Rivers of North America lists a basin size of 154,880 square kilometres (59,800 sq mi), but this includes Lake Athabasca, the Peace–Athabasca Delta, and the basins of the Fond du Lac River and some of the other streams flowing into the lake.[26]
  20. ↑ Split between 160,600 km2 (62,000 mi2) (about 88 percent) in Canada and 21,400 km2 (8,300 mi2) (about 12 percent) in the United States.[7]
  21. ↑ According to the Milk River Watershed Council, a 180-km (110 mi) stretch of the river flows through Canada. This amounts to about 18 percent of the river's total length.[32]
  22. ↑ Split between 21,600 km2 (8,300 mi2) (about 35 percent) in Canada and 39,600 km2 (15,300 mi2) (about 65 percent) in the United States.[7]
  23. ↑ To the head of the Cat River.[7]
  24. ↑ Based on data from the years 1968–69, 73, and 75–84 at Hat Island,[35] about 200 kilometres (120 mi) from the mouth. Distance from mouth estimated with a measurement tool embedded in The Atlas of Canada topographic maps.[4]
  25. ↑ To the head of the Black Birch River.[7]
  26. ↑ Based on data from the years 1973–74, 77–79, and 83–84 at Limestone Rapids,[37] about 40 kilometres (25 mi) from the mouth.[38]
  27. ↑ To the head of Muskox Lake.[7]
  28. ↑ Split between 255 kilometres (158 mi) or about 29 percent in Canada and 635 kilometres (395 mi) or about 71 percent in the United States.[44]
  29. ↑ Split between 138,600 km2 (53,500 sq mi) (about 48 percent) in Canada and 148,900 km2 (57,500 sq mi) (about 52 percent) in the United States.[7]
  30. ↑ To the head of the Caniapiscau River.[7]
  31. ↑ To the head of the Ashuanipi River.[7]
  32. ↑ This is the mean discharge for a point about 100 kilometres (62 mi) from the mouth rather than at the mouth.[50]
  33. ↑ Measured by a gauge at the outlet of Marjorie Lake, about 50 kilometres (31 mi) from the mouth. Flow derived by converting km3/yr to m3/s.[52] Distance from mouth estimated with a measurement tool embedded in The Atlas of Canada topographic maps.[4]
  34. ↑ To the head of the Firesteel River.[7]
  35. ↑ Split between 106,500 square kilometres (41,100 sq mi) in Canada, about 78 percent, and 29,300 square kilometres (11,300 sq mi), about 22 percent, in the United States.[7]
  36. ↑ Split between 37,700 square kilometres (14,600 sq mi), about 52 percent, in Canada and 12,600 square kilometres (4,900 sq mi), about 48 percent, in the United States.
  37. ↑ To the head of the Megiscane River.[7]
  38. ↑ To the head of the Temiscamie River.[7]
  39. ↑ To the head of Attawapiskat Lake.[7]
  40. ↑ Based on data from the years 1967–80 and 82–84 at the source, Attawpiskat Lake, rather than at the mouth.[59]
  41. ↑ To the head of Ennadai Lake.[7]
  42. ↑ Split between 61,400 square kilometres (23,700 sq mi) in Canada, about 52 percent, and 56,500 square kilometres (21,800 sq mi), about 48 percent, in the United States.[7]
  43. ↑ To the head of the Silver Bow Creek. Length derived by adding the distance from the mouth to the head of Pend Oreille Lake, shown on topo maps as about 220 kilometres (140 mi)[65] to the length (about 480 kilometres (300 mi) of the Clark Fork River and its headwater tributary, Silver Bow Creek.[66] Of this total, only 22 km (14 mi), about 3 percent, are in Canada.[67]
  44. ↑ Split between 1,600 square kilometres (620 sq mi) in Canada, about 2 percent, and 65,000 square kilometres (25,000 sq mi), about 98 percent, in the United States.[67]
  45. ↑ To the head of the Peribonka River.[7]
  46. ↑ Measured by a gauge below the Carnwath River, about 150 kilometres (93 mi) from the Anderson River mouth. Flow derived by converting km3/yr to m3/s.[52] Distance from mouth estimated with a measurement tool embedded in The Atlas of Canada topographic maps.[4]
  47. ↑ To the head of the Ogilvie River.[7]
  48. ↑ Split between 35,000 square kilometres (14,000 sq mi) (about 63 percent) in Canada and 19,700 square kilometres (7,600 sq mi) (about 37 percent) in the United States.[7]
References
  1. ↑ The Road Atlas. Chicago, Illinois: Rand McNally & Company. 2008. ISBN 0-528-93961-0.
  2. ↑ Patrick, Ruth (1995). Rivers of the United States: Volume II: Chemical and Physical Characteristics. New York: John Wiley & Sons. p. 24. ISBN 0-471-10752-2.
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 From The Atlas of Canada unless otherwise noted
  4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2 4.3 "The Atlas of Canada, Advanced Search". Natural Resources Canada. Retrieved May 18, 2011.
  5. ↑ Measured at the mouth unless otherwise noted
  6. ↑ "Mackenzie River, Northwest Territories". The Atlas of Canada. Natural Resources Canada. Retrieved May 18, 2011.
  7. ↑ 7.0 7.1 7.2 7.3 7.4 7.5 7.6 7.7 7.8 7.9 7.10 7.11 7.12 7.13 7.14 7.15 7.16 7.17 7.18 7.19 7.20 7.21 7.22 7.23 7.24 7.25 7.26 7.27 7.28 7.29 7.30 7.31 7.32 7.33 7.34 "Rivers". The Atlas of Canada. Natural Resources Canada. Retrieved May 15, 2011.
  8. ↑ 8.0 8.1 "Yukon River". Geographic Names Information System. United States Geological Survey. March 31, 1981. Retrieved February 4, 2011.
  9. ↑ Benke and Cushing, p. 796
  10. ↑ "Saint Lawrence River". The Atlas of Canada. Natural Resources Canada. Retrieved February 3, 2011.
  11. ↑ "Saint Louis River". Geographic Names Information System. United States Geological Survey (USGS). January 11, 1980. Retrieved May 19, 2011.
  12. ↑ "Nelson River, Manitoba". The Atlas of Canada. Natural Resources Canada. Retrieved May 16, 2011.
  13. ↑ "Slave River, Northwest Territories". The Atlas of Canada. Natural Resources Canada. Retrieved May 30, 2011.
  14. ↑ Benke and Cushing, p. 843
  15. ↑ "Columbia River". Geographic Names Information System. United States Geological Survey. November 28, 1980. Retrieved August 5, 2010.
  16. ↑ Benke and Cushing, p. 646
  17. ↑ "Saskatchewan River, Manitoba". The Atlas of Canada. Natural Resources Canada. Retrieved May 16, 2011.
  18. ↑ "Peace River, Alberta". The Atlas of Canada. Natural Resources Canada. Retrieved May 16, 2011.
  19. ↑ Benke and Cushing, p. 844
  20. ↑ "Churchill River, Manitoba". The Atlas of Canada. Natural Resources Canada. Retrieved May 8, 2011.
  21. ↑ "South Saskatchewan River, Saskatchewan". The Atlas of Canada. Natural Resources Canada. Retrieved May 7, 2011.
  22. ↑ "Fraser River, British Columbia". The Atlas of Canada. Natural Resources Canada. Retrieved May 25, 2011.
  23. ↑ "North Saskatchewan River, Saskatchewan". The Atlas of Canada. Natural Resources Canada. Retrieved May 16, 2011.
  24. ↑ "Ottawa River, Ontario". Natural Resources Canada. Retrieved May 16, 2011.
  25. ↑ "Athabasca River, Alberta". The Atlas of Canada. Natural Resources Canada. Retrieved May 16, 2011.
  26. ↑ 26.0 26.1 Benke and Cushing, p. 845
  27. ↑ "Liard River, Northwest Territories". The Atlas of Canada. Natural Resources Canada. Retrieved May 12, 2011.
  28. ↑ Benke and Cushing, p. 815
  29. ↑ Benke and Cushing, p. 842
  30. ↑ "Assiniboine River, Manitoba". The Atlas of Canada. Natural Resources Canada.
  31. ↑ 31.0 31.1 "Milk River". Geographic Names Information System. United States Geological Survey (USGS). April 4, 1980. Retrieved February 5, 2011.
  32. ↑ "Milk River State of the Watershed Report, Part 3" (PDF). Milk River Watershed Council. 2008. Retrieved February 19, 2011.
  33. ↑ Benke and Cushing, p. 475
  34. ↑ "Albany River, Ontario". The Atlas of Canada. Natural Resources Canada. Retrieved May 16, 2011.
  35. ↑ SAGE: Center for Sustainability and the Global Environment (February 13, 2010). "Severn". River Discharge Database. University of Wisconsin. Retrieved May 23, 2011.
  36. ↑ "Severn River, Ontario". The Atlas of Canada. Natural Resources Canada. Retrieved May 22, 2011.
  37. ↑ SAGE: Center for Sustainability and the Global Environment (February 13, 2010). "Severn". River Discharge Database. University of Wisconsin. Retrieved May 23, 2011.
  38. ↑ Dymond, J.R.; Scott, W.B. (November 21, 1941). "Fishes of the Patricia Portion of the Kenora District, Ontario". Copeia (American Society of Ichthyologists and Herpetologists) 1941 (4): 243.
  39. ↑ "Back River, Nunavut". The Atlas of Canada. Natural Resources Canada. Retrieved May 4, 2011.
  40. ↑ Marsh, James. "Back River". The Canadian Encyclopedia. Historica Dominion Institute. Retrieved May 3, 2011.
  41. ↑ "Thelon River, Nunavut". The Atlas of Canada. Natural Resources Canada. Retrieved May 5, 2011.
  42. ↑ "La Grande Rivière" (in French). Gouvernement du Québec. Retrieved May 16, 2011.
  43. ↑ "Red River". The Atlas of Canada. Natural Resources Canada. Retrieved January 17, 2011.
  44. ↑ "Red River of the North: A Water Trail Guide" (PDF). Minnesota Department of Natural Resources. 2010. Retrieved May 29, 2011.
  45. ↑ "Red River of the North". Geographic Names Information System. United States Geological Survey (USGS). January 1, 2000. Retrieved May 29, 2011.
  46. ↑ Benke and Cushing, p. 896
  47. ↑ "Rivière Koksoak" (in French). Gouvernement du Québec. Retrieved May 16, 2011.
  48. ↑ "Churchill River, Newfoundland and Labrador". The Atlas of Canada. Natural Resources Canada. Retrieved May 13, 2011.
  49. ↑ "Coppermine River, Nunavut". The Atlas of Canada. Natural Resources Canada. Retrieved May 25, 2011.
  50. ↑ 50.0 50.1 "Coppermine River: Overview of the Hydrology and Water Quality" (PDF). Indian and Northern Affairs Canada. July 13, 2010. pp. 1–5. Retrieved May 3, 2011.
  51. ↑ "Dubawnt River, Nunavut". The Atlas of Canada. Natural Resources Canada. Retrieved May 22, 2011.
  52. ↑ 52.0 52.1 "List of Arctic RIMS Discharge Stations". University of New Hampshire. Retrieved May 22, 2011.
  53. ↑ "Winnipeg River, Manitoba". The Atlas of Canada. Natural Resources Canada. Retrieved May 15, 2011.
  54. ↑ Benke and Cushing, p. 898
  55. ↑ "Kootenay River, British Columbia". The Atlas of Canada. Natural Resources Canada. Retrieved May 19, 2011.
  56. ↑ "Rivière Rupert". The Atlas of Canada. Natural Resources Canada. Retrieved May 26, 2011.
  57. ↑ "Rivière Eastmain". The Atlas of Canada. Natural Resources Canada. Retrieved May 26, 2011.
  58. ↑ "Attawapiskat River, Ontario". The Atlas of Canada. Natural Resources Canada.
  59. ↑ SAGE: Center for Sustainability and the Global Environment (February 13, 2010). "Attawapiskat". River Discharge Database. University of Wisconsin. Retrieved May 23, 2011.
  60. ↑ "Kazan River, Nunavut". The Atlas of Canada. Natural Resources Canada.
  61. ↑ "Red Deer River, Alberta". The Atlas of Canada. Natural Resources Canada. Retrieved May 27, 2011.
  62. ↑ "Grande rivière de la Baleine, Quebec". The Atlas of Canada. Natural Resources Canada. Retrieved May 27, 2011.
  63. ↑ Benke and Cushing, p. 802
  64. ↑ "Pend-d'Oreille River, British Columbia". The Atlas of Canada. Natural Resources Canada. Retrieved June 6, 2011.
  65. ↑ United States Geological Survey. "Hope, Idaho, quadrangle". TopoQuest. Retrieved June 6, 2011.
  66. ↑ Merriam Webster's Geographical Dictionary (3rd ed.). Springfield, Massachusetts: Merriam-Webster, Inc. 1998. p. 258. ISBN 0-87779-546-0.
  67. ↑ 67.0 67.1 Swain, L.G. (August 2007). "Canada–British Columbia Water Quality Monitoring Agreement: Water Quality Assessment of Pend d’Oreille River at Waneta (1980–2006)" (PDF). British Columbia Ministry of Environment. p. 1. Retrieved June 6, 2011.
  68. ↑ "Silver Bow Creek". Geographic Names Information System. United States Geological Survey. April 4, 1980. Retrieved June 6, 2011.
  69. ↑ "Waneta Hydroelectric Expansion Project EAC Application" (PDF). Government of British Columbia. May 2006. p. 12. Retrieved June 8, 2011.
  70. ↑ "Hay River, Northwest Territories". The Atlas of Canada. Natural Resources Canada. Retrieved May 29, 2011.
  71. ↑ Benke and Cushing, p. 848
  72. ↑ "Saguenay River, Quebec". The Atlas of Canada. Natural Resources Canada. Retrieved May 23, 2011.
  73. ↑ "Anderson River, Northwest Territories". The Atlas of Canada. Natural Resources Canada. Retrieved May 22, 2011.
  74. ↑ "Peel River, Northwest Territories". The Atlas of Canada. Natural Resources Canada. Retrieved May 19, 2011.
  75. ↑ Benke and Cushing, p. 850
  76. ↑ "Stewart River, Yukon". The Atlas of Canada. Natural Resources Canada. Retrieved May 25, 2011.
  77. ↑ Benke and Cushing, p. 800
  78. ↑ "Horton River, Northwest Territories". The Atlas of Canada. Natural Resources Canada. Retrieved May 22, 2011.
  79. ↑ Giberson, Donna J.; Shaverdo, Helena V. (Fall 2003). "Update on the survey of aquatic insects from Keewatin and Mackenzie project: The predaceous water beetles (Coleoptera: Adephaga: Dytiscidae and Gyrinidae)". Newsletter of the Biological Survey of Canada (Terrestrial Arthropods) (University of Alberta) 22 (2). Retrieved May 27, 2011.
  80. ↑ "English River, Ontario". The Atlas of Canada. Natural Resources Canada. Retrieved May 22, 2011.
  81. ↑ "Pelly River, Yukon". The Atlas of Canada. Natural Resources Canada. April 2, 2004. Retrieved May 18, 2011.

Works cited