List of life forms
- This article is about a thing that is living or alive. For The Future Sound of London album, see Lifeforms (album). For other uses, see Lifeform (disambiguation).
A life form or lifeform is an entity or being that is living or alive or living.[1][2] This is a list of articles that relate to physical, hypothetical, alleged, religious, or fictional life forms.
Although more than 99 percent of all species that ever lived on the planet are estimated to be extinct,[3][4] there are currently 10–14 million species of life on the Earth.[5]
In process philosophy, objects in the world or universe are layered or tiered in complexity.[6] Living things are difficult to define,[7] but life forms can be considered to be the most complex entities in the arena or environment in which they exist.[8] As in process philosophy, this article brings together in a holistic manner, life forms from the diverse human intuitions found in experiences that include the ethical, religious, philosophical, scientific, and aesthetic.[9]
Scientific, evolutionary categories
Archaea
Bacteria
- Bacteria
- Gram positive no outer membrane
- Actinobacteria (high-G+C)
- Firmicutes (low-G+C)
- Tenericutes (no wall)
- Gram negative outer membrane present
- Unknown / ungrouped
- Acidobacteria
- Chloroflexi
- Chrysiogenetes
- Cyanobacteria
- Deferribacteres
- Dictyoglomi
- Thermodesulfobacteria
- Thermotogae
- Gram positive no outer membrane
Eukaryote
Organisms whose cells contain complex structures enclosed within membranes
- Eukaryote
- Unikonta
- Opisthokonta
- Metazoa (animals)
- Subkingdom Parazoa
- Subkingdom Eumetazoa
- Radiata (unranked)
- Bilateria (unranked)
- Orthonectida
- Rhombozoa
- Acoelomorpha
- Chaetognatha
- Superphylum Deuterostomia
- Chordata
- Hemichordata
- Echinodermata
- Xenoturbellida
- Vetulicolia †
- Protostomia (unranked)
- Superphylum Ecdysozoa
- Kinorhyncha
- Loricifera
- Priapulida
- Nematoda
- Nematomorpha
- Lobopodia
- Onychophora
- Tardigrada
- Arthropoda
- Superphylum Platyzoa
- Platyhelminthes
- Gastrotricha
- Rotifera
- Acanthocephala
- Gnathostomulida
- Micrognathozoa
- Cycliophora
- Superphylum Lophotrochozoa
- Superphylum Ecdysozoa
- Mesomycetozoa
- Choanozoa
- Eumycota (fungi)
- Blastocladiomycota
- Dikarya (inc. Deuteromycota)
- Subphyla incertae sedis
- Metazoa (animals)
- Amoebozoa
- Conosa
- Mycetozoa (slime-molds)
- Archamoebae
- Lobosa
- Protamoebae
- Conosa
- Opisthokonta
- Bikonta
- Apusozoa
- Rhizaria
- Excavata
- Archaeplastida (plants, broadly defined)
- Glaucophyta – glaucophytes
- Rhodophyceae – red algae
- Chloroplastida
- Chlorophyta– green algae (part)
- Ulvophyceae
- Trebouxiophyceae
- Chlorophyceae
- Chlorodendrales – green algae (part)
- Prasinophytae – green algae (part)
- Mesostigma
- Charophyta sensu lato – green algae (part) and land plants
- Streptophytina – stoneworts and land plants
- Charales – stoneworts
- Plantae – land plants (embryophytes)
- Streptophytina – stoneworts and land plants
- Chromalveolata
- Unikonta
Scientific, not evolutionary categories
- Alpha taxonomy
- Biochemistry
- Biological classification
- Biology
- Carbon-based life
- Eusociality
- Evolutionary biology
- Extremophiles
- Fossil
- Life
- Metamorphosis
- Microorganism
- Mimicry
- Organism
- Parasitism
- Paleontology
- Person
- Symbiosis
- Water, effects on life
Hypothetical life
- Astrobiology
- Astroecology
- Carbon chauvinism
- Extraterrestrial life, hypothetical life that exists outside Earth
- Hypothetical types of biochemistry
- Iron-sulfur world theory
- Life on Mars
- Non-cellular life
- Panspermia
- Planetary habitability
- RNA world hypothesis
- Search for Extra-Terrestrial Intelligence (SETI)
- Shadow biosphere
- Silicon-based life - (subsection of Hypothetical types of biochemistry)
- Ur-organism
Also:
- Cultural impact of extraterrestrial contact
- Communication with Extraterrestrial Intelligence (CETI)
- Messaging to Extra-Terrestrial Intelligence (METI)
- Post-detection policy
Artificial and engineered
- Agent based model
- Artificial consciousness
- Artificial intelligence
- Artificial creation
- Artificial life
- Artificial person
- Android (robot)
- Bionics
- Biorobotics
- Cloning
- Cyborg
- Computer simulation of the cat brain
- Computational neuroscience
- Robot
- Self-replicating machine
- Synthetic biology
- Synthetic life
Origin of the universe and life
- Abiogenesis, the transition from nonliving elements to living systems
- Cosmogony, any theory concerning the origin of the universe
- Cosmology, the study of the universe and humanity's place in it
- Creation myth, a mytho-religious story or explanation that describes the beginnings of humanity, Earth, life, and the universe
- Genesis creation narrative, creation as described in the first two chapters of the Book of Genesis in the Bible
- Molecular evolution, evolution at the scale of molecules
Encounters with animate beings subject to skepticism
- Alien abduction
- Apparitional experience
- Bilocation
- Channeling (mediumistic)
- Close encounter
- Contactee
- Doppelgänger
- Electronic voice phenomenon
- Enochian
- Foo fighter
- List of UFO sightings, encounters of the third and fourth kind
- List of reportedly haunted locations
- Mediumship
- Mystery airships
- Private revelation
- Summoning
- Will-o'-the-wisp
Animate beings subject to skepticism
- Alien abduction entities
- Alleged UFO-related entities (category)
- Cryptozoology
- Cryptobotany
- Cryptid
- Energy being
- Ghost
- Hominid cryptids (category)
- Lake monster
- List of alleged extraterrestrial beings
- List of cryptids
- Poltergeist
- Sea monster
Folklore, legendary, and mythological
- Animalia Paradoxa
- An Instinct for Dragons (book), a hypothesis on the origin of several legendary creatures
- Book of Imaginary Beings (book)
- Daemon (classical mythology)
- Demigod
- Dragon
- Fairy
- Fearsome critters
- Giant (mythology)
- Legendary creature
- List of legendary creatures
- List of legendary creatures by type
- Lists of legendary creatures (category)
- Lycanthropy
- Phoenix (mythology)
- Mythology
- Talking animal
- Trickster
- Vampire
- Undead
- Unicorn
- Yokai
Religious, spiritual, occult, and philosophical
- Ancient serpent, or great dragon
- Angel
- Angel of Death
- Antichrist
- Bodhisattva
- Buddha
- Christ
- Christian demonology
- Christian demons in popular culture
- Conceptions of God
- Deity
- Demon
- Devil
- Egyptian soul
- Elemental spirit
- Fallen angel
- God
- Heaven
- Hell
- List of Enochian angels
- List of theological angels
- List of theological demons
- Mind
- Non-physical entity
- Pneuma
- Psyche (psychology)
- Self (spirituality)
- Soul
- Spirit
- Thetan
- Underworld
- Watcher (angel)
Fictional
- Alien invasion
- Amorphous creature
- Anthropomorphism
- Cosmic entity
- Cyborgs in fiction
- Cybernetic revolt
- Extraterrestrials in fiction
- Fictional extraterrestrial characters (category)
- Fictional human races (category)
- Fictional life forms (category)
- Funny animal
- Human-derived fictional species (category)
- Hypothetical types of biochemistry in fiction
- Kaiju
- List of fictional artificial intelligences
- List of fictional cyborgs
- List of fictional extraterrestrials
- List of kaiju
- List of fictional living planets
- List of fictional robots and androids
- Lists of fictional species
- Lists of fictional species (category)
- List of films featuring extraterrestrials
- List of first appearances in Marvel Comics publications
- List of types of beings in science fiction
- Monster
- Mutant (fictional)
- Races in fantasy
- Superhuman
- UFOs in fiction
- Uplift (science fiction)
Qualities, attributes, and terms
- Alien
- Being
- Consciousness
- Entity
- Ethics
- Intelligence
- Morality
- Rationality
- Sapience
- Sentience
- Self-awareness
Issues
See also
- Alien (disambiguation)
- Artificial person
- Creature of statute
- Life
- Organism
References
- ↑ "life form". World English Dictionary. Dictionary.com. 2009.
- ↑ "life form". Online Oxford Dictionary of English. Oxford University Press. 2005.
- ↑ Stearns, Beverly Peterson; Stearns, S. C.; Stearns, Stephen C. (2000). Watching, from the Edge of Extinction. Yale University Press. p. 1921. ISBN 978-0-300-08469-6. Retrieved 27 December 2014.
- ↑ Novacek, Michael J. (8 November 2014). "Prehistory’s Brilliant Future". New York Times. Retrieved 25 December 2014.
- ↑ G. Miller; Scott Spoolman (2012). Environmental Science - Biodiversity Is a Crucial Part of the Earth's Natural Capital. Cengage Learning. p. 62. ISBN 1-133-70787-4. Retrieved 27 December 2014.
- ↑ Jeremy R. Hustwit (2007). "Process Philosophy". Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy. p. 3.d. Rejection of Nominalism.
- ↑ Mark A. Bedau (1998). "Four Puzzles about Life". Reed College.
- ↑ Harinder S. Sandhu (2010). "Scientific - Origin of the Universe". LifeAfterDeath.info.
- ↑ Jeremy R. Hustwit (2007). "Process Philosophy". Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy. p. 2.a. In Pursuit of a Holistic Worldview.