List of human stampedes
This is a list of notable human stampedes.
18th century
- 11 October 1711: 245 people were killed in a stampede on the bridge of the Guillotière in Lyon. This was caused by the coach of Madame Servient being in the middle of the bridge while many people came back from a fest on the other side of the Rhône.
19th century
| Estimated Deaths | Date | Name | Nat. | Principal victims |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 100 | March 29, 1809 | Ponte das Barcas | Portugal | Hundreds of Portuguese civilians die trying to cross the Ponte das Barcas bridge in a desperate attempt to escape the troops of Marshal Soult, assaulting Oporto in the context of the Napoleonic Wars. The bridge was not able to endure the pressure of the terrorized multitude. |
| 19 | October 10, 1872 | Ostrów Wielkopolski Synagogue | Poland | 19 women and children were killed in a stampede and resulting stairs collapse in a synagogue in Ostrów Wielkopolski during the fast of Yom Kippur. Failure of gas lighting engulfed a synagogue balcony (apparently, the women's gallery) in darkness, causing panic among the women. |
| 278 | December 5, 1876 | Brooklyn Theater Fire | USA | Crushes on gallery and balcony staircases during the Brooklyn Theater Fire delayed the evacuation of the building, a contributing factor in the deaths of at least 278 individuals.[1] |
| 12 | May 30, 1883 | Brooklyn Bridge | USA | 12 people were killed and dozens injured after a woman tripped on the stairway at the Brooklyn Bridge, which had been open for eight days at the time. The crush was exacerbated by fears the bridge was about to collapse.[2] |
| 180 | June 16, 1883 | Victoria Hall disaster | England | Over 1,100 children stampeded down the stairs to collect gifts from the entertainers after the end of a variety show in Sunderland. |
| 1389 | May 18, 1896 | Khodynka Tragedy | Russia | A crush of those desiring to get presents during the coronation of Russian Tsar Nicholas II - 1,300 more were injured. |
20th century
- September 19, 1902: The Shiloh Baptist Church disaster in Birmingham, Alabama claimed the lives of 115 people attending a convention featuring Booker T. Washington, following a false fire alarm was raised.
- December 30, 1903: The Iroquois Theatre Fire in Chicago claimed the lives of 602 people, many of whom died of crush asphyxiation in the rush to escape.
- January 11, 1908: 16 children were killed in the Barnsley Public Hall Disaster in Barnsley, South Yorkshire, England
- December 24, 1913: 73 people were crushed to death in the Italian Hall Disaster in Calumet, Michigan. This event is considered the legal source for the often-cited First Amendment limitation of "falsely shouting fire in a crowded theater."
- October 23, 1942: during an attack by RAF Bomber Command on Genoa, 354 people were killed as they rushed into Galleria delle Grazie, a railway tunnel in use as an air-raid shelter. People rushing down the 150 steps which led under the ground and into the shelter fell on top of one another leading to the extremely heavy toll of the stampede.[3]
- March 9, 1946: 33 people were killed in the Burnden Park disaster when the collapse of two crash barriers in an overcrowded stand led to the crowd falling forward.
- 1954 500-800 killed at Kumbha Mela, Allahabad.
- January 1, 1956: 124 people were killed during the New Year panic and stampede at Yahiko Shrine, Yahiko, central Niigata, Japan.
- January 2, 1971: 66 people were killed in the Second Ibrox Disaster, when the collapse of stairway barriers led to a crush as fans were leaving the stadium.
- December 3, 1979: 11 people were killed during a crush at a concert by The Who at Riverfront Coliseum in Cincinnati. The incident led to a reduced use of festival seating at US venues.
- October 20, 1982: 66 people were killed in the Luzhniki disaster at the eponymous stadium in Moscow.[4]
- May 29, 1985: 39 people were killed in the Heysel Stadium disaster at Heysel Stadium in Brussels, Belgium.
- March 13, 1988: 93 people were killed when fans at Nepal's national football stadium stampede for the exits during a hailstorm.
- August 20, 1988: 2 people were crushed to death during a Guns N' Roses concert at a Monsters of Rock festival at Donington Park, England. Lead singer Axl Rose shouted "Don't fucking kill each other!".
- April 15, 1989: 96 people were killed in the Hillsborough disaster at the eponymous football stadium in Sheffield, England.
- July 2, 1990: A stampede inside a pedestrian tunnel (Al-Ma'aisim tunnel) leading out from Mecca towards Mina, Saudi Arabia and the Plains of Arafat led to the deaths of 1,426 pilgrims.
- January 13, 1991: At least 40 people were killed at a football match in Orkney, South Africa.
- February 13, 1991: 42 people were killed, 55 injured in Mexican Chalma sanctuary after being overwhelmed by a crowd trying to enter the temple to receive the signal from the ashes.
- September 24, 1991: 1991 Taiyuan Illumination show stampede, killing 105 persons and injuring 108 in Jikong Bridge, Shanxi Province, China.[5]
- December 28, 1991: Nine people killed and 29 injured outside at a charity basketball game at City College New York promoted by Sean Combs (aka Puff Daddy).[6]
- June 27, 1992: More than 500 people were injured in Munich, Germany when the crowd at pop singer Michael Jackson's debut Dangerous concert became overwhelmed and began rushing at the barriers, causing several to have to be lifted from the crowd. Similar fainting and "overwhelmings" occurred at many of Jackson's shows.
- January 1, 1993: 21 people were killed and 62 injured as a huge crowd celebrated the New Year's Day at Lan Kwai Fong of Hong Kong.[7]
- October 30, 1993: 73 student fans were injured, six critically, by a crowd crush shortly after a football game at the University of Wisconsin–Madison's Camp Randall Stadium.
- May 23, 1994: 270 people were killed at Jamarat Bridge in Mecca during the stoning of the Devil.
- November 23, 1994: more than 113 tribals, mostly women and children, perished in a disastrous stampede triggered by the cane-wielding police who attempted to prevent the estimated crowd of 40,000 from pressing towards the Vidhan Bhavan at Nagpur in Maharashtra State of India.
- October 16, 1996: 82 killed, 147 injured on a steep stadium stairway prior to a World Cup qualifying match between Guatemala and Costa Rica in the Estadio Mateo Flores in Guatemala City.
- April 9, 1998: At least 118 Hajj pilgrims were trampled to death and 180 injured in an incident on Jamarat Bridge in Mecca.[8]
- May 30, 1999: Niamiha disaster: 53 people died in a stampede at the Nemiga metro station in Minsk, Belarus.
21st century
- June 30, 2000: The Roskilde Festival disaster, in which 9 people were crushed during a Pearl Jam concert at Roskilde Festival, Denmark.
- March 5, 2001: 35 Hajj pilgrims were trampled to death in a stampede during the Stoning of the Devil ritual in Mina, Saudi Arabia.[9]
- April 11, 2001: 43 people were crushed in the Ellis Park Stadium disaster in Johannesburg, South Africa.
- May 9, 2001: 126 killed at a football match between Kumasi Asante Kotoko and Accra Hearts of Oak in Accra Sports Stadium, Ghana after police fired tear gas at rioters.
- 21 July 2001: 11 people killed and 247 injured by a pedestrian stampede after a fireworks show in Akashi, Hyōgo.[10]
- December 21, 2001: 7 children, aged 10 to 14, were crushed to death due to a stampede on the stairway leading to the entrance of a nightclub in Sofia, Bulgaria.[11]
- February 11, 2003: The Stoning of the Devil ritual claimed 14 pilgrims' lives.[12]
- February 17, 2003: 21 people were killed in the stairway exit to E2, a nightclub in Chicago, after a pepper spray was used on an upper-story dance floor.
- February 20, 2003: 100 killed in The Station nightclub fire in Rhode Island, many of them trampled.
- February 4, 2004: At least 37 people were killed with 15 were injured when a crowd stampeded during Lantern Festival in Mihong Park, Miyun County, Beijing, China.[13]
- February 1, 2004: 251 people were killed at Jamarat Bridge in Mecca during the stoning of the devil.
- April 12, 2004: At least 21 women were killed in a stampede after people rushed to collect free sarees in Lucknow, India. Referred to as Saree Stampede.[14]
- September 1, 2004: Three died in a Saudi shop stampede.[15]
- January 2005: 265 people were killed as Hindu pilgrims stampeded near a remote temple in Maharashtra, India.
- August 31, 2005: 953 people were killed in a Baghdad bridge stampede.
- December 2005: 42 people were killed as flood relief supplies were handed out to homeless refugees in southern India.
- January 12, 2006: 345 were killed at Jamarat Bridge in Mecca during the stoning of the devil.
- February 4, 2006: 78 people were killed in the PhilSports Arena stampede in the Philippines. The place was the location of the first year anniversary of ABS-CBN's Wowowee.
- September 12, 2006: 51 were killed and more than 200 injured at a stampede in Ibb Governorate, Yemen.[16]
- June 2, 2007: 12 people were killed during a stampede at the end of a football game between Zambia and Republic of Congo in Chililabombwe, Zambia.[17]
- October 3, 2007: At least 14 women were crushed to death at a train station in northern India.[18]
- October 5, 2007: After a crowd of 15,000 watched a public execution in a stadium in Sunchon, North Korea, 6 people were crushed to death and 34 injured.[19]
- November 11, 2007: 3 people were killed and more than 30 injured at the Supermarket Carrefour in Chongqing, China when the shop was offering 20% discounts on cooking oil.[20]
- March 27, 2008: 8 people were killed and 10 injured at an Indian temple crush during a pilgrimage.[21]
- June 20, 2008: At least 12 people were killed and 13 injured at a Mexico City nightclub stampede during a police raid.[22]
- August 3, 2008: At least 162 people were killed and 47 injured in a stampede at the Naina Devi temple in Himachal Pradesh in mountainous northern India after a rain shelter collapsed, which worshipers mistakenly took to be a landslide.
- September 14, 2008: At least 11 people were killed when a riot was dispersed by tear gas during a football match in Butembo, Democratic Republic of the Congo.
- September 30, 2008: 224 people were killed and 425 were injured during the Jodhpur stampede at the Chamunda Devi temple in Jodhpur, India. The tragedy was caused by a rumor that a bomb was planted in the temple complex.[23] Local authorities, however, blamed steep, slippery slopes leading to the temple.[24]
- October 2, 2008: About 20 children died in a stampede in an overcrowded children's dance hall in Tanzania.[25]
- November 28, 2008: A worker died at a Long Island Wal-Mart after being trampled in a Black Friday stampede.[26]
- March 29, 2009: 19 people were killed and 130 injured in the Houphouët-Boigny Arena stampede at a football stadium in Côte d'Ivoire as fans tried to squeeze into the stadium for a World Cup qualifier.[27]
- March 4, 2010: At least were 71 killed and over 200 injured at Ram Janki Temple, in Kunda, India, in a stampede after the gates of the temple collapsed.
- May 4, 2010: 63 people were injured when a panic-driven stampede broke out during the Remembrance of the Dead ceremony on Dam Square, Amsterdam.
- June 6, 2010: 14 people were injured when fans rushed to get inside Makulong Stadium after free tickets were given out to a friendly soccer match between Nigeria and North Korea.
- July 24, 2010: 21 people were killed and more than 500 were injured during crowd turbulences at the Love Parade in Duisburg, Germany.[28]
- November 22, 2010: A stampede during a water festival near Cambodia's royal palace in Phnom Penh killed at least 347 people.
- January 15, 2011: 102 people died and 100 were injured during a stampede near Sabarimala temple in Kerala, India.
- January 15, 2011: 3 girls died and 14 people were injured in a panic-driven stampede in a Budapest discothèque during a party.[29]
- November 8, 2011: 16 people were killed at Haridwar, India during a religious ceremony on the banks of Ganges river.
- November 1, 2012: 5 girls died in a panic-driven stampede during a Halloween party at a municipal arena of the city of Madrid, Spain.[30]
- January 1, 2013: 60 people were killed, including 26 children, and more than 200 injured in a stampede at the Stade Félix Houphouët-Boigny during a New Year's fireworks celebration in Abidjan, Ivory Coast.[31]
- January 1, 2013: 10 people were killed and 120 injured in Luanda, Angola, as they tried to enter the overcrowded Estádio da Cidadela for a New Year's Eve vigil.[32]
- January 27, 2013: at least 242 people were killed and 168 injured as a result of a nightclub fire it the city of Santa Maria, south region of Brazil. According to local authorities the fire began on stage after members of the band flared a pyrotechnic device that ignited flammable acoustic foam in the ceiling. Other reasons for the high death toll included the lack of emergency exits and the excessive number of people present.[33]
- February 10, 2013: during the Hindu festival Kumbh Mela, a stampede broke out at the train station in Allahabad, Uttar Pradesh, India, killing 36 people and injuring 39.[34]
- October 13, 2013: during the Hindu festival Navratri, a stampede broke out near the Ratangarh Mata Temple in Datia district, Madhya Pradesh, India, killing 115 people and injuring more than 100.[35]
- October 3, 2014: At least 32 people, including 20 women and 10 children, were killed and 26 injured in a stampede shortly after the Dasehra celebrations at the Gandhi Maidan, Patna, India.[36]
- October 10, 2014: At least seven people died and 40 were injured as a result of a stampede at Qasim Bagh Stadium Multan Pakistan after the Speech of cricketer-turned-politician Imran Khan. The Opposition leader alleged that only two gates of the venue were opened at the end of the rally and the lights were also switched off, but this was later denied by the DCO and local authorities.[37]
- November 21, 2014: 11 people died and 40 people were injured after a stampede in a stadium in Kwekwe, Zimbabwe.[38]
- December 31, 2014: 36 people died and 42 people were injured after a stampede during New Year's celebrations at The Bund, in Shanghai, China.[39][40]
- February 8, 2015: 28 people died after a stampede that occurred at a football game in Cairo, Egypt.[41][42]
- February 17, 2015: More than 16 people died after a stampede occurred during the Shrove Tuesday festival in Port-au-Prince, Haiti after a man was shocked by high-voltage wires.
References
- ↑ 'The Class of People who Go To The Gallery' "Special Report of the Fire Marshall" in Papers Relating to the Burning Down of the Brooklyn Theatre British House of Commons London: 1877. page 15
- ↑ Dead On The New Bridge – Fatal Crush At The Western Approach. – Front Page – Nytimes.Com. New York Times (2011-01-02). Retrieved on 2011-01-19.
- ↑ http://www.ferrovieinrete.com/doc_storici/GalleriaGrazie.pdf
- ↑ Зайкин, В. (1989-07-20). Трагедия в Лужниках. Факты и вымысел. Известия (in Russian) (202). Retrieved 2012-02-06.
- ↑ 1991年太原踩踏事件
- ↑ http://www.nytimes.com/1998/03/24/nyregion/rap-producer-testifies-on-fatal-stampede-at-city-college.html
- ↑ Kemal Bokhary (February 23, 1993). Lan Kwai Fong Tragedy last investigation report by Judge Kemal Bokhary. Hong Kong Government.
- ↑ "Saudis identifying nationalities of 118 dead pilgrims". BBC News. April 9, 1998.
- ↑ Lessons from Hajj deaths at BBC News - 6 March 2001
- ↑ Kyodo News, "Ex-cop pleads not guilty in fatal '01 Akashi crush", Japan Times, 20 January 2012, p. 1.
- ↑ На 21.12.2001 г. при нещастен случай в столичната дискотека "Индиго" загиват 7 деца. Bedstvia.start.bg (2001-12-21). Retrieved on 2011-01-19.
- ↑ "Fourteen killed in Hajj stampede". BBC News. February 11, 2003.
- ↑ China Daily: 37 killed in Beijing lantern festival stampede. 2004-02-06
- ↑ The Times of India: Stampede in Lucknow, 21 dead.
- ↑ "Three die in Saudi shop stampede". BBC News. September 1, 2004. Retrieved May 24, 2010.
- ↑ "Deadly stampede at Yemeni rally". BBC News. September 12, 2006. Retrieved May 24, 2010.
- ↑ At least 12 people were crushed to death in Zambia after an African Cup qualifier win over Republic of Congo – International Herald Tribune
- ↑ "Women die in India train stampede". BBC News. October 3, 2007. Retrieved May 24, 2010.
- ↑ 순천 돌 가공 공장 지배인 공개 처형 [Public Execution Carried Out on a Stone Processing Plant Manager in Soonchun] (PDF). 오늘의 북한소식 (in Korean). Seoul: 사단법인 좋은벗들 북한연구소. October 17, 2007. pp. 7–8. Retrieved September 7, 2011.
워낙 많은 군중이 모이다보니 처형이 끝나고 흩어지면서 사람들에 깔려 6명이 사망하고, 34명이 다치는 사고가 일어났다.
- ↑ "Three die in China sale stampede". BBC News. November 10, 2007. Retrieved May 24, 2010.
- ↑ BBC NEWS | World | Asia-Pacific | India temple stampede kills eight
- ↑ Mexico City nightclubbers stampede during police raid; at least 12 dead – L.A. Times
- ↑ "Yoll rises in Chamunda Devi stampede; 80 dead". ibnlive.com. September 30, 2008. Retrieved 2008-09-30.
- ↑ Dey, Anindo; Parmar, Ajay (September 30, 2008). "177 feared dead in temple stampede in Jodhpur". Times of India. Retrieved 2008-09-30.
- ↑ 20 children die in Tanzania stampede – The Times of India. Timesofindia.indiatimes.com (2008-10-02). Retrieved on 2011-01-19.
- ↑ http://www.nydailynews.com/new-york/worker-dies-long-island-wal-mart-trampled-black-friday-stampede-article-1.334059
- ↑ Ivorian stadium stampede kills 22. BBC News (2009-03-29). Retrieved on 2011-01-19.
- ↑ Authorities blame organizer for deadly Love Parade Yahoo News. 28 July 2010
- ↑ Index – Bulvár – Tragédia a West Balkánban: öten őrizetben. Index.hu. Retrieved on 2011-01-19.
- ↑ El pais
- ↑ 60 crushed to death in Ivory Coast stampede CNN News (2013-01-01) Retrieved on 2013-01-01
- ↑ Angola vigil crush at Luanda stadium kills 10 (BBC)
- ↑ "More than 230 die in Brazil nightclub fire". 2013-01-27. Retrieved 2013-10-17.
- ↑ "Kumbh Mela chief Azam Khan resigns over stampede". BBC. 2013-02-11. Retrieved 2013-02-12.
- ↑ "Death toll in MP stampede reaches 115; Congress wants CM to quit". Times of India. 2013-10-14. Retrieved 2013-10-14.
- ↑ http://www.tribuneindia.com/2014/20141004/main3.htm
- ↑ http://tribune.com.pk/story/773657/pti-multan-administration-trade-blame-after-8-people-killed-in-qasim-bagh-stampede/
- ↑ IANS (21 November 2014). "11 killed in Zimbabwe stadium stampede". Retrieved 6 January 2015.
- ↑ http://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-china-30646918
- ↑ http://www.smh.com.au/world/new-years-eve-stampede-in-shanghai-kills-dozens-20141231-12gauu.html
- ↑ http://www.ft.com/cms/s/0/8eb46fc4-afe3-11e4-b42e-00144feab7de.html
- ↑ http://english.ahram.org.eg/NewsContent/6/51/122539/Sports/Egyptian-Football/UPDATE--Death-toll-reaches--as-Zamalek-fans-clash-.aspx