List of heads of government of Russia

Dates before the calendar reform of 26 January 1918 in Russia are according to the Julian calendar
Dmitry Medvedev is currently head of government

Approximately 57 people have been head of the Russian government since its establishment in 1726. The chairman of government was a member of the Supreme Privy Council, which was created on 8 (19) February 1726 by Empress Catherine, and from 8 (20) September 1802 ministerial duties were allocated by the Committee of Ministers, which was established on in accordance with the proclamation of Emperor Alexander II. Beginning with Count Aleksandr Romanovich Vorontsov, the eldest of the officers was de facto chairman of the committee. Eight years after the inauguration of the manifest, the first de jure office holder was Count Nikolay Rumyantsev.[1] The Council of Ministers was unofficially formed in October 1857, as a result of Emperor Alexander II's reforms; its first session began on 19 (31) December 1857. Before the actual formation of that body on 12 (24) November 1861, the Emperor himself was in charge. The Council of Ministers consisted of chairmen of the State Council and the Committee of Ministers, as well as high-ranking officers appointed by the Emperor. The first session ended on 11 (23) December 1882, after the number of files to the Council greatly decreased.[2][3]

The Committee of Ministers functioned simultaneously with the second session of the Council of Ministers for six more months; Count Sergei Witte participated on both entities until the abolition of the committee on 23 April (5 May) 1906. Following that event, the duties of the committee were left to the Council of Ministers, until the formation of the Small Council in 1909, which also included deputy ministers. By the order of Emperor Nicholas II, the second session of the Council of Ministers began on 19 October (1 November) 1905, following the formation of the State Duma. Shortly after the February Revolution and the inception of the Russian Provisional Government on 2 (15) March 1917, Georgy Lvov from the Constitutional Democratic Party and Alexander Kerensky from the Socialist Revolutionary Party became joint Minister-Chairmen. The provisional Russian Republic was eventually replaced by the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic (RSFSR) and the governmental body by the Council of People's Commissars, which was chaired from 1917–24 by Vladimir Lenin. That body was renamed Council of Ministers following a decree of the Supreme Council on 23 March 1946.

After the fall of the Soviet Union, Boris Yeltsin, as the President of the Russian Federation, was automatically appointed as the Head of Government of the Russian Federation in the first two years of his mandate. The latter body took the previous name "Council of Ministers", the chairman of which became Viktor Chernomyrdin from the Communist Party of the Russian Federation, replacing acting chairman Yegor Gaidar. According to the new constitution ratified on 25 December 1993, those two entities were separated. Since then, the head of that office takes the formal title "Chairmen of the Government" or colloquially "Prime Minister" (the only actual prime minister was Valentin Pavlov). Chernomyrdin resumed chairing the government, followed up by non-partisans and acting office holders. On 8 May 2008, Vladimir Putin took the office for a second term, now as a member of United Russia. Dmitry Medvedev has been the Chairman of the Government since 8 May 2012.[4]

The youngest head of government by his accession to office was Count Karl-Fridrikh Golshteyn-Gottorpsky, at age 26, and the oldest Count Pyotr Andreyevich Tolstoy, at age 81.

List of heads of government

      United Russia       Communist       Constitutional Democrat       Our Home is Russia       Independent / None

Russian Empire

Portrait Name
(Birth–Death)
Term of office Head of state
Members of the Supreme Privy Council of the Russian Empire (1726–1730)
Duke Alexander Danilovich Menshikov
(1673–1729)
8 February
1726
8 September
1727
Catherine I
Count Fyodor Matveyevich Apraksin
(1661–1728)
8 February
1726
10 November
1728
Catherine I
Count Gavriil Ivanovich Golovkin
(1660–1734)
8 February
1726
6 May
1727
Catherine I
Count Andrey Ivanovich Osterman
(1686–1747)
8 February
1726
6 May
1727
Catherine I
Knyaz Dmitry Mikhaylovich Golitsyn
(1665–1737)
8 February
1726
6 May
1727
Catherine I
Count Pyotr Andreyevich Tolstoy
(1645–1729)
8 February
1726
6 May
1727
Catherine I
Count Karl Fridrikh Golshteyn-Gottorpsky
(1700–1739)
8 February
1726
(or March 1726)[5]
25 July
1727
Catherine I
Peter II
Knyaz Alexey Grigoryevich Dolgorukov
(?–1734)
3 February
1728
4 March
1730
Peter II
Anna
Knyaz Vasily Lukich Dolgorukov
(1670–1739)
6 April
1729
4 March
1730
Peter II
Anna
Knyaz Vasily Vladimirovich Dolgorukov
(1667–1746)
19 January
1730
4 March
1730
Peter II
Anna
Knyaz Mikhail Mikhailovich Golitsyn
(1675–1730)
19 January
1730
4 March
1730
Peter II
Anna
Cabinet ministers of the Russian Empire (1731–1741)
Count Gavriil Ivanovich Golovkin
(1660–1734)
10 November
1731
20 January
1734
Anna
Count Andrey Ivanovich Osterman
(1686–1747)
20 January
1734
10 November
1740
Anna
Ivan VI
Count Khristofor Antonovich Minikh
(1683–1767)
10 November
1740
3 March
1741
Ivan VI
Count Andrey Ivanovich Osterman
2nd term
(1686–1747)
3 March
1741
25 November
1741
Ivan VI
Conferency ministers at the Highest Court of the Russian Empire (1756–1762)
Stepan Fyodorovich Apraksin
(1702–1758)
14 March
1756
1 October
1757
Elizabeth I
Count Mikhail Petrovich Bestuzhev-Ryumin
(1688–1760)
14 March
1756
2 October
1757
Elizabeth I
Knyaz Mikhail Mikhailovich Golitsyn
(1684–1764)
14 March
1756
17 December
1757
Elizabeth I
Count Alexey Petrovich Bestuzhev-Ryumin
(1693–1768)
14 March
1756
14 February
1758
Elizabeth I
Count Alexander Borisovich Buturlin
(1694–1767)
14 March
1756
17 October
1760
Elizabeth I
Count Peter Ivanovich Shuvalov
(1711–1762)
14 March
1756
4 January
1762
Elizabeth I
Peter III
Count Mikhail Illarionovich Vorontsov
(1714–1767)
14 March
1756
20 January
1762
Elizabeth I
Peter III
Knyaz Nikita Yuryevich Trubetskoy
(1699–1767)
14 March
1756
20 January
1762
Elizabeth I
Peter III
Count Alexander Ivanovich Shuvalov
(1710–1771)
14 March
1756
20 January
1762
Elizabeth I
Peter III
Grand Duke Peter Fyodorovich Romanov
(subsequently Emperor Peter III)
(1728–1762)
14 March
1756
28 January
1762
Elizabeth I
Peter III
Knyaz Yakov Petrovich Shakhovsky
(1705–1777)
16 September
1760
25 December
1761
Elizabeth I
Peter III
Ivan Ivanovich Neplyuev
(1693–1773)
16 September
1760
20 January
1762
Elizabeth I
Peter III
Count Roman Illarionovich Vorontsov
(1707–1783)
28 December
1761
20 January
1762
Peter III
Members of the Imperial Council of the Russian Empire (1762)
Prince Georg Lyudwig Golshteyn-Gottorpsky
(1719–1763)
28 January
1762
28 June
1762
Peter III
Count Pyotr Avgust Fridrikh Golshteyn-Beksky
(1696–1775)
28 January
1762
28 June
1762
Peter III
Count Khristofor Antonovich Minikh
(1683–1767)
28 January
1762
28 June
1762
Peter III
Knyaz Nikita Yuryevich Trubetskoy
(1699–1767)
28 January
1762
28 June
1762
Peter III
Count Mikhail Illarionovich Vorontsov
(1714–1767)
28 January
1762
28 June
1762
Peter III
Aleksandr Nikitich Vilbua
(1713–1788)
28 January
1762
28 June
1762
Peter III
Knyaz Mikhail Nikitich Volkonsky
(1713–1788)
28 January
1762
28 June
1762
Peter III
Aleksey Petrovich Melgunov
(1722–1788)
28 January
1762
28 June
1762
Peter III
Heads of Council Affairs at the Highest Court (Highest Council) of the Russian Empire (1768–1801)
Stepan Fyodorovich Strekalov
(1728–1805)
17 November
1768
1776 Catherine II
Count Alexander Nikolayevich Samoylov
(1744–1814)
1776 1787 Catherine II
Ivan Andreyevich Veydemeyer
(1752–1820)
1787 18 November
1796
Catherine II
Paul
Gavriil Romanovich Derzhavin
(1743–1816)
18 November
1796
22 November
1796
Catherine II
Paul I
Ivan Andreyevich Veydemeyer
2nd term
(1752–1820)
18 November
1796
26 March
1801
Paul I
Chairmen of the Committee of Ministers of the Russian Empire (1810–1903)
Count Nikolay Petrovich Rumyantsev[lower-alpha 1]
(1754–1826)
1810 1812 Alexander I
Count and Knyaz Nikolay Ivanovich Saltykov
(1736–1816)
29 March
1812[6]
9 September
1812 (disputed)[lower-alpha 2]
16 May
1816
Alexander I
Count Sergey Kuzmich Vyazmitinov (disputed)[lower-alpha 3]
(1744–1819)
9 September
1812
15 October
1816
Alexander I
Knyaz Pyotr Vasilyevich Lopukhin
(1753–1827)
25 May
1816[7]
6 April
1827
Alexander I
Nicholas I
Knyaz Viktor Pavlovich Kochubey
(1768–1834)
29 April
1827[8]
3 June
1834
Nicholas I
Count Nikolay Nikolayevich Novosiltsev
(1761–1838)
11 July
1834[9]
8 April
1838
Nicholas I
Knyaz Illarion Vasilyevich Vasilchikov
(1776–1847)
9 April
1838[10]
21 February
1847
Nicholas I
Count Vasily Vasilyevich Levashov
(1783–1848)
31 December
1847[11]
23 September
1848
Nicholas I
Knyaz Alexander Ivanovich Chernyshyov
(1785–1857)
1 December
1848[12]
5 April
1856[12]
Nicholas I
Alexander II
Knyaz Alexey Fyodorovich Orlov
(1787–1862)
May
1857[13]
January
1861[14]
Alexander II
Count Dmitry Nikolayevich Bludov
(1785–1864)
12 November
1861
19 February
1864
Alexander II
Knyaz Pavel Pavlovich Gagarin
(1789–1872)
24 February
1864[15]
21 February
1872
Alexander II
Count Pavel Nikolayevich Ignatyev
(1797–1879)
21 February
1872[16]
20 December
1879[16]
Alexander II
Count Pyotr Aleksandrovich Valuyev
(1815–1890)
25 December
1879[17]
4 October
1881[17]
Alexander II
Alexander III
Count Mikhail Khristoforovich Reytern
(1820–1890)
4 October
1881[18]
30 December
1886[18]
Alexander III
Nikolay Khristianovich Bunge
(1823–1895)
1 January
1887[19]
3 June
1895[19]
Alexander III
Nicholas II
Ivan Nikolayevich Durnovo
(1834–1903)
15 October
1895[20]
29 May
1903
Nicholas II
Count Sergei Yulyevich Witte
(1849–1915)
16 August
1903[21]
22 April
1906[21]
Nicholas II
Chairmen of Council of Ministers of the Russian Empire (1905–1917)
Count Sergei Yulyevich Witte
(1849–1915)
24 October
1905[21]
22 April
1906[21]
Nicholas II
Ivan Logginovich Goremykin
1st term
(1839–1917)
22 April
1906[22]
8 July
1906[22]
Nicholas II
Pyotr Arkadyevich Stolypin
(1862–1911)
8 July
1906[23]
5 September
1911[23]
Nicholas II
Acting

Count Vladimir Nikolayevich Kokovtsov
(1853–1943)

2 September
1911[24]
9 September
1911[24]
Nicholas II
Count Vladimir Nikolayevich Kokovtsov
(1853–1943)
9 September
1911[25]
30 January
1914[25]
Nicholas II
Ivan Logginovich Goremykin
2nd term
(1839–1917)
30 January
1914[22]
20 January
1916[22]
Nicholas II
Boris Vladimirovich Shtyurmer
(1848–1917)
20 January
1916[26]
10 November
1916[26]
Nicholas II
Alexander Fyodorovich Trepov
(1862–1928)
10 November
1916[27]
27 December
1916[27]
Nicholas II
Knyaz Nikolay Dmitriyevich Golitsyn
(1850-1925)
27 December
1916[28]
27 February
1917[28]
Nicholas II

Russian Provisional Republic

Portrait Name
(Birth–Death)
Term of office Head of state Political party
Minister-Chairmen of the Russian Provisional Government (1917)
Knyaz Georgy Yevgenyevich Lvov
(1861–1925)
2 March
1917
8 July
1917
Lvov Constitutional Democrat
Alexander Fyodorovich Kerensky
(1881–1970)
8 July
1917
26 October
1917
Kerensky Socialist Revolutionary - Trudovik

Russian Soviet Federated Socialist Republic (RSFSR)

Portrait Name
(Birth–Death)
Term of office Head of state Political party Cabinet
Chairmen of the Council of Peoples' Commissars of the Russian SFSR (1917–1946)
Vladimir Ilyich Lenin
(1870–1924)
27 October
1917[29]
21 January
1924
Kalinin
Petrovsky
Chervyakov
Narimanov
Communist
(Bolsheviks)
Alexey Ivanovich Rykov
(1881–1938)
2 February
1924
18 May
1929
Kalinin Communist
(Bolsheviks)
Sergei Ivanovich Syrtsov
(1893–1937)
18 May
1929
3 November
1930
Kalinin Communist
(Bolsheviks)
Daniil Yegorovich Sulimov
(1890–1937)
3 November
1930
22 July
1937
Kalinin Communist
(Bolsheviks)
Nikolai Aleksandrovich Bulganin
(1895–1975)
22 July
1937
17 September
1938
Kalinin
Zhdanov
Badayev
Communist
(Bolsheviks)
Vasiliy Vasilyevich Vakhrushev
(1902–1947)
29 July
1939
2 June
1940
Badayev Communist
(Bolsheviks)
Ivan Sergeyevich Khokhlov
(1895–1973)
2 June
1940
23 June
1943
Badayev
Vlasov
(acting)
Communist
(Bolsheviks)
Alexei Nikolayevich Kosygin
(1904–1980)
23 June
1943
23 March
1946
Vlasov
Shvernik
Communist
(Bolsheviks)
Chairmen of the Council of Ministers of the Russian SFSR (1946–1991)
Mikhail Ivanovich Rodionov
(1907–1950)
23 March
1946
9 March
1949
Shvernik
Vlasov
Communist
(Bolsheviks)
Boris Nikolayevich Chernousov
(1908–1978)
9 March
1949
20 October
1952
Vlasov
Tarasov
Communist
(Bolsheviks)
Alexander Mikhailovich Puzanov
(1906–1998)
20 October
1952
24 January
1956
Tarasov Communist
Mikhail Alekseyevich Yasnov
(1906–1991)
24 January
1956
19 December
1957
Tarasov Communist
Frol Romanovich Kozlov
(1908–1965)
19 December
1957
31 March
1958
Tarasov Communist
Dmitry Stepanovich Polyansky
(1917–2001)
31 March
1958
23 November
1962
Tarasov
Ignatov
Organov
Communist
Gennady Ivanovich Voronov
(1910–1994)
23 November
1962
23 July
1971
Organov
Ignatov
Yasnov
Communist
Mikhail Sergeyevich Solomentsev
(1913–2008)
28 July
1971
24 June
1983
Yasnov Communist
Vitaly Ivanovich Vorotnikov
(1926–2012)
24 June
1983
3 October
1988
Yasnov
Orlov
Communist
Alexander Vladimirovich Vlasov
(1932–2002)
3 October
1988
15 June
1990
Vorotnikov
Yeltsin
Communist
Ivan Stepanovich Silayev
(born 1930)
16 June
1990
26 September
1991
Yeltsin Communist 1st Silayev
(15 June 1990 – 11 July 1991)
2nd Silayev
(12 July 1991 – 06 November 1991)
Acting[lower-alpha 4]

Oleg Ivanovich Lobov
(born 1937)

26 September
1991
6 November
1991
Yeltsin Communist
(RSFSR)
2nd Silayev
(12 July 1991 – 6 November 1991)
Head of Government of the Russian SFSR as President of the Russian SFSR (1991)
Boris Nikolayevich Yeltsin
(1931–2007)
6 November
1991
25 December
1991
Yeltsin Independent Yeltsin–Gaydar
(6 November 1991 – 14 December 1992)

Russian Federation

Portrait Name
(Birth–Death)
Term of office Head of state Political party Cabinet
Head of Government of the Russian Federation as President of the Russian Federation (1991–1992)
Boris Nikolayevich Yeltsin
(1931–2007)
25 December
1991
15 June
1992
Yeltsin Independent Yeltsin–Gaydar
(6 November 1991 – 14 December 1992)
Chairmen of the Council of Ministers – Government of the Russian Federation (1992–1993)
Acting[lower-alpha 5]

Yegor Timurovich Gaidar
(1956–2009)

15 June
1992
14 December
1992
Yeltsin Independent Yeltsin–Gaydar
(6 November 1991 – 14 December 1992)
Viktor Stepanovich Chernomyrdin
(1938–2010)
14 December
1992
25 December
1993
Yeltsin Communist
(RSFSR)
1st Chernomyrdin
(14 December 1992 – 9 August 1996)
Chairmen of the Government of the Russian Federation (1993 – present)
Viktor Stepanovich Chernomyrdin
(1938–2010)
25 December
1993
April
1995
Yeltsin Communist
(RSFSR)
1st Chernomyrdin
(14 December 1992 – 9 August 1996)
2nd Chernomyrdin
(10 August 1996 – 23 March 1998)
April
1995
23 March
1998
Our Home is Russia
Sergei Vladilenovich Kiriyenko
(born 1962)
23 March
1998
23 August
1998
Yeltsin Independent Kiriyenko
(24 April 1998 – 23 August 1998)
Acting[lower-alpha 6]

Viktor Stepanovich Chernomyrdin
(1938–2010)

23 August
1998
11 September
1998
Yeltsin Our Home is Russia
Yevgeny Maksimovich Primakov
(born 1929)
11 September
1998
12 May
1999
Yeltsin Independent Primakov
(11 September 1998 – 12 May 1999)
Sergei Vadimovich Stepashin
(born 1952)
12 May
1999
9 August
1999
Yeltsin Independent Stepashin
(19 May 1999 – 9 August 1999)
Vladimir Vladimirovich Putin
1st term
(born 1952)
9 August
1999
7 May
2000
Yeltsin
Putin
(acting)
Independent 1st Putin
(16 August 1999 – 7 May 2000)
Mikhail Mikhailovich Kasyanov
(born 1957)
7 May
2000
24 February
2004
Putin Independent Kasyanov
(17 May 2000 – 24 February 2004)
Acting[lower-alpha 7]

Viktor Borisovich Khristenko
(born 1957)

24 February
2004
5 March
2004
Putin Independent
Mikhail Yefimovich Fradkov
(born 1950)
5 March
2004
14 September
2007
Putin Independent 1st Fradkov
(5 March 2004 – 7 May 2004)
2nd Fradkov
(12 May 2004 – 12 September 2007)
Viktor Alekseyevich Zubkov
(born 1941)
14 September
2007
8 May
2008
Putin Independent Zubkov
(14 October 2007 – 7 May 2008)
Vladimir Vladimirovich Putin
2nd term
(born 1952)
8 May
2008
7 May
2012
Medvedev United Russia 2nd Putin
(8 May 2008 – 7 May 2012)
Dmitry Anatolyevich Medvedev
(born 1965)
8 May
2012
Incumbent Putin United Russia Medvedev
(from 8 May 2012)

Timeline

Dmitry Medvedev Viktor Zubkov Mikhail Fradkov Viktor Khristenko Mikhail Kasyanov Vladimir Putin Sergei Stepashin Yevgeny Primakov Viktor Chernomyrdin Yegor Gaidar Boris Yeltsin Oleg Lobov Ivan Silayev Alexander Vlasov (politician) Vitaly Vorotnikov Mikhail Solomentsev Gennady Voronov Dmitry Polyansky Frol Kozlov Mikhail Yasnov Alexander Puzanov Konstantin Pamfilov Ivan Khokhlov Nikolai Bulganin Daniil Sulimov Sergei Syrtsov Alexei Rykov Vladimir Lenin Alexander Kerensky Georgy Lvov Alexey Fyodorovich Orlov Pyotr Vasilyevich Lopukhin Peter August, Duke of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Beck Prince Georg Ludwig of Holstein-Gottorp Peter III of Russia Mikhail Illarionovich Vorontsov Peter Ivanovich Shuvalov Mikhail Mikhailovich Golitsyn Mikhail Petrovich Bestuzhev-Ryumin Stepan Fyodorovich Apraksin Burkhard Christoph von Münnich Vasily Vladimirovich Dolgorukov Vasily Lukich Dolgorukov Charles Frederick, Duke of Holstein-Gottorp Dmitry Mikhaylovich Golitsyn Alexander Danilovich Menshikov

See also

Footnotes

  1. De facto (unofficial) Chairman of the Committee of Ministers from 8 September 1802 to 1809 was Alexander Romanovich Vorontsov
  2. Sources which list Vyazmitinov as Saltykov's successor state a date of 9 September 1812; other sources assert that Saltykov was in office until his death
  3. Some sources (such as the Large Soviet Encyclopedia) list Vyazmitinov as committee minister, while other (such as the History of the Fatherland encyclopedia) don't mention him at all and instead list Lopukhin as the successor of Saltykov
  4. On 26 September 1991, Lobov became acting chairman until the governmental reforms of 6 November abolished the Council of Ministers office[30]
  5. On 15 June 1992, Yeltsin supported the new post of Yegor Gaidar, but Gaidar gained no support at the VII Congress of People's Deputies of Russia on 9 December 1991.[31]
  6. On 23 August 1998, at the order of President Yeltsin, Kiriyenko and his cabinet resigned; the new acting head of government became Chernomyrdin, although not gaining support from the State Duma[32]
  7. On 24 February 2004, Khristenko became acting chairmаn after resignation of Kasyanov

Notes

  1. "Комитет министров". Brockhaus and Efron Encyclopedic Dictionary: In 86 Volumes (82 Volumes and 4 Additional Volumes). St. Petersburg. 1890–1907.
  2. "Совет министров". Brockhaus and Efron Encyclopedic Dictionary: In 86 Volumes (82 Volumes and 4 Additional Volumes). St. Petersburg. 1890–1907.
  3. "Ministers’ Council established in Russia". Presidential Library Named After Boris Yeltsin. Retrieved 10 August 2014.
  4. "The Russian Government – Dmitry Medvedev". Government of the Russia Federation. Retrieved 4 April 2014.
  5. "Верховный тайный совет". Brockhaus and Efron Encyclopedic Dictionary: In 86 Volumes (82 Volumes and 4 Additional Volumes). St. Petersburg. 1890–1907.
  6. Салтыков, князь Николай Иванович [Knyaz Nikolay Ivanovich Saltykov] (in Russian). Retrieved 7 April 2014.
  7. Неизвестная Фемида : документы, события, люди [The Unknown Themis: Documents, Events, People] (in Russian). ОЛМА Медиа Групп. 2003. p. 93. ISBN 978-5-224-04224-1.
  8. Кочубей, князь Виктор Павлович [Knyaz Viktor Pavlovich Kochubey] (in Russian). Retrieved 8 April 2014.
  9. B. V. Ananych, ed. (2008). Управленческая элита Российской империи: история министерств, 1802–1917 [Ruling Elite of the Russian Empire: History of Ministries, 1802–1917] (in Russian). "Лики России".
  10. Васильчиков Илларион Васильевич — Биографический указатель [Illarion Vasilyevich Vasilchikov – Biography] (in Russian). Archived from the original on 9 February 2014. Retrieved 5 April 2014.
  11. Vladimir Nikolayevich Balyazin; Voldemar Nikolayevich Balyazin (2008). Царский декамерон: От Николая I до Николая II. Исторические книги В.Н. Балязина (Historical Books by V. N. Balyazin) (in Russian) 2. ОЛМА Медиа Групп. p. 49. ISBN 978-5-373-01976-7.
  12. 12.0 12.1 Александр Иванович Чернышев — Биографический указатель [Aleksandr Ivanovich Chernyshov] (in Russian). Retrieved 5 April 2014.
  13. Землевладельцы Панинского района. Князь Орлов Алексей Фёдорович [Landowners of the Panin Rayon. Knyaz Alexey Fyodorovich Orlov] (in Russian). Retrieved 9 April 2014.
  14. Орлов князь Алексей Федорович [Knyaz Aleksey Fyodorovich Orlov] (in Russian). Archived from the original on 7 April 2014. Retrieved 4 April 2014.
  15. Павел Павлович Гагарин [Pavel Pavlovich Gagarin] (in Russian). Russian Empire. Archived from the original on 7 April 2014. Retrieved 5 April 2014.
  16. 16.0 16.1 Игнатьев Павел Николаевич [Pavel Nikolayevich Ignatyev] (in Russian). Russian Empire. Archived from the original on 7 April 2014. Retrieved 5 April 2014.
  17. 17.0 17.1 Валуев Петр Александрович [Pyotr Aleksandrovich Valuyev] (in Russian). Russian Empire. Archived from the original on 7 April 2014. Retrieved 5 April 2014.
  18. 18.0 18.1 Рейтерн Михаил Христофорович [Mikhail Khristoforovich Reytern] (in Russian). Russian Empire. Archived from the original on 7 April 2014. Retrieved 6 April 2014.
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References

External links