List of emperors of the Yuan dynasty
The following is a list of Emperors of the Mongol Yuan dynasty (1271–1368) in China. It also contains early Mongol rulers posthumously promoted by Kublai Khan as Yuan emperors and some early rulers of the Post-Imperial Mongolia (Northern Yuan dynasty).
List of emperors
See also: Yuan dynasty family tree
| Portrait | Temple names | Posthumous names | Khan Names | Given names | Period of Reigns | Era names and their according range of years |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Convention: use first name (e.g. Temüjin) or Khan names for khans before Kublai Khan. Use "Yuan" + temple name or posthumous name after. A mix of the three for Kublai Khan. | ||||||
| Note: 1) The Mongol Great Khans before Khublai were only declared Yuan emperors after the creation of Yuan dynasty in 1271 2) To non-Chinese readers, usually the khan names are the most familiar names. 3) Timur or Temür means the same Mongolian words but Temür will be used for avoiding confusion with Timur the lame, or Tamerlane. | ||||||
 |
Taizu (太祖 Tàizǔ) | Emperor Fatian Qiyun Shengwu
(法天啟運聖武皇帝) |
Genghis Khan | Borjigin Temüjin (孛兒只斤鐵木真 Bóérzhījīn Tiěmùzhēn) | 1206–1227 | did not exist |
 |
Ruizong (睿宗 Ruìzōng) | not used | Tolui | Borjigin Tolui (孛兒只斤拖雷 BóérzhījīnTuōléi) | 1227–1229 | did not exist |
 |
Taizong (太宗 Tàizōng) | Yingwen (英文皇帝)
|
Ögedei Khan | Borjigin Ögedei (孛兒只斤窩闊台 Bóérzhījīn Wōkuòtái) | 1229–1241 | did not exist |
| Dingzong (定宗 Dìngzōng) | Emperor Jianping (简平皇帝) | Güyük Khan | Borjigin Güyük (孛兒只斤貴由 Bóérzhījīn Guìyuó) | 1246–1248 | did not exist | |
| Xianzong (憲宗 Xiànzōng) | Emperor Huansu (桓肃皇帝) | Möngke Khan | Borjigin Möngke (孛兒只斤蒙哥 Bóérzhījīn Ménggē) | 1251–1259 | did not exist | |
 |
Shizu (世祖 Shìzǔ) | Emperor Shengde Shengong Wenwu
(聖德神功文武皇帝) |
Kublai Khan | Borjigin Kublai (孛兒只斤忽必烈 Bóérzhījīn Hūbìliè) | 1260–1294 | Zhongtong (中統 Zhōngtǒng) 1260–1264 Zhiyuan (至元 Zhìyuán) 1264–1294 |
 |
Chengzong (成宗 Chéngzōng) | not used | Temür Khan | Borjigin Temür (孛兒只斤鐵木耳 Bóérzhījīn Tiěmù'ěr) | 1294–1307 | Yuanzhen (元貞 Yuánzhēn) 1295–1297 Dade (大德 Dàdé) 1297–1307 |
 |
Wuzong (武宗 Wǔzōng) | too tedious; thus, not used when referring to this sovereign | Külüg Khan | Borjigin Qayshan (孛兒只斤海山 Bóérzhījīn Hǎishān) | 1307–1311 | Zhida (至大 Zhìdà) 1308–1311 |
 |
Renzong (仁宗 Rénzōng) | too tedious; thus, not used when referring to this sovereign | Ayurbarwada Buyantu Khan | Borjigin Ayurparibhadra (孛兒只斤愛育黎拔力八達 Bóérzhījīn Àiyùlíbálìbādá) | 1311–1320 | Huangqing (皇慶 Huángqìng) 1312–1313 Yanyou (延祐 Yányòu) 1314–1320 |
| Yingzong (英宗 Yīngzōng) | too tedious; thus, not used when referring to this sovereign | Gegeen Khan | Borjigin Suddhipala (孛兒只斤碩德八剌 Bóérzhījīn Shuòdébālá) | 1320–1323 | Zhizhi (至治 Zhìzhì) 1321–1323 | |
| Jinzong (晉宗 Jìnzōng) (1) | Taiding Di (泰定帝 Tàidìng Dì) (2) | Yesün Temür | Borjigin Yesün-Temür (孛兒只斤也孫鐵木兒 Bóérzhījīn Yěsūntiěmùér) | 1323–1328 | Taiding (泰定 Tàidìng) 1321–1328 Zhihe (致和 Zhìhé) 1328 | |
| did not exist (1) | Tianshun Di (天順帝 Tiānshùn Dì) (2) | Ragibagh Khan | Borjigin Arigaba (孛兒只斤阿速吉八 Bóérzhījīn Āsùjíbā) | 1328 | Tianshun (天順 Tiānshùn) 1328 | |
 |
Wenzong (文宗 Wénzōng) | too tedious; thus, not used when referring to this sovereign | Jayaatu Khan Tugh Temür | Borjigin Toq-Temür (孛兒只斤圖鐵木兒 Bóérzhījīn Tútiěmùér) | 1328–1329 and 1329–1332 | Tianli (天曆 Tiānlì) 1328–1330 Zhishun (至順 Zhìshùn) 1330–1332 |
| Mingzong (明宗 Míngzōng) | too tedious; thus, not used when referring to this sovereign | Khutughtu Khan Kusala | Borjigin Qoshila (孛兒只斤和世剌 Bóérzhījīn Héshìlà) | 1329 | did not exist | |
 |
Ningzong (寧宗 Níngzōng) | too tedious; thus, not used when referring to this sovereign | Rinchinbal Khan | Borjigin Irinchibal (孛兒只斤懿璘質班 Bóérzhījīn Yìlínzhìbān) | 1332 | Zhishun (至順 Zhìshùn) 1332 |
| Huizong (惠宗 Huìzōng) (1) | Shundi (順帝 Shùndì) | Toghon Temür | Borjigin Toghan-Temür (孛兒只斤妥懽鐵木兒 Bóérzhījīn Tuǒhuān Tiěmùér) | 1333–1370 | Zhishun (至順 Zhìshùn) 1333 Yuantong (元統 Yuántǒng) 1333–1335 | |
| (1) Convention: for these sovereigns only, use "yuan" + posthumous name, i.e. 元泰定帝 Yuán Tài Dìng Dì.
(2) Not actually a posthumous name, but adopted from era name. | ||||||
| Temple Names (Miao Hao 廟號 Miào Hào) | Posthumous Names (Shi Hao 諡號) | Khan Names | Born Names | Period of Reigns | Era Names (Nian Hao 年號) and their according range of years | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Convention: use khan names or born names. | ||||||
| Note: 1) />2) To non-Chinese readers, usually the khan names are the most familiar names. 2) Timur or Temür means the same Mongolian words but Temür will be used for avoiding confusion with the Timur (Timurlane or Tamerlane) who attempted to restore the Mongolian Empire in Central Asia. | ||||||
| Convention: for the following sovereign only, use "yuan" + posthumous name. | ||||||
| Huizong (惠宗 Huìzōng) (same person as the last Yuan emperor in China) | Shundi (順帝 Shùndì) | Toghon Temür | Borjigin Toghan-Temür (孛兒只斤妥懽鐵木兒 Bóérzhījīn Tuǒhuān Tiěmùér) | 1333–1370 | Zhishun (至順 Zhìshùn) 1333 Yuantong (元統 Yuántǒng) 1333–1335 | |
| Zhaozong (昭宗 Zhāozōng) | Hexiao Emperor (和孝皇帝 Hexiao Huangdi) | Biligtü Khan Ayushiridara | Ayushiridara of the Borjigin clan (孛兒只斤愛育識里達臘 Bóérzhījīn Àiyùshílǐdálà) | 1370–1378 | Xuanguang (宣光 Xuānguāng) 1371–1378 | |
| Yizong (益宗) | Ningxiao Emperor (宁孝皇帝 Ningxiao Huangdi) | Uskhal Khan Tögüs Temür | Tögüs Temür of the Borjigin clan (孛兒只斤脫古思鐵木兒 Bóérzhījīn Tuōgǔsī Tiěmùér) | 1378–1388 | Tianyuan (天元 Tiānyuán) 1378–1388 | |
| (1) Convention: for these souvereigns only, use "yuan" + posthumous name, i.e. 元泰定帝 Yuán Tài Dìng Dì.
For the later Mongol Khans, see List of Mongol Khans | ||||||
See also
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Wikimedia Commons has media related to Emperors of the Yuan Dynasty. |
- Yuan dynasty family tree