List of defunct retailers of the United States

For defunct restaurants and department (and variety) stores that were formerly a part of this list, please see List of defunct restaurants of the United States and List of defunct department stores of the United States respectively.
This is an incomplete list that may never be able to satisfy particular standards for completeness. You can help by expanding it with reliably sourced entries.

Across the United States, a large number of local stores and store chains that started between the 1920s and 1950s have become defunct since the late 1960s, when many chains were either consolidated or liquidated. Some have been lost due to mergers.

U.S. retailers were initially an important part of the local community—such as the corner drugstore or the tool store. As stores expanded into large chains, they became integrated with the regional and national experience as well. In some cases, the local stores expanded into large corporations as the F.W. Woolworth Company did. In other cases, new entities were created that supplanted the small, local retailers—such as what happened with Borders Books and Music. Those new retailers also became strongly assimilated into the American culture.

The book chain retailers and especially Blockbuster Video were often part of a household ritual, where children grew up with memories strongly associated with those brands. Some large brands were iconic to large metropolitan areas, as Macy's found out when they dissolved the Marshall Field's name. Even less-emotional experiences, like grocery shopping, were highly associated with a defunct retailer's brand.

Some of the largest brands may not have had as much emotional impact on our culture, but employed so many people that a significant number of families were affected by those brands. For example, Circuit City had tens of thousands of employees across the U.S. when they dissolved.

Retailers spend a considerable amount of their marketing budget establishing their brand names, which are often trademarked and aggressively protected. Emotional and economic ties to defunct retailers remain strong long after the brand disappears from the marketplace.

Below is a list of defunct retailers of the United States.

Automotive

  • 10,000 Auto Parts – ( - 1990[1]). Midwest; bought by Champion Auto stores[2][3]
  • 4-Day Tire Stores  – A California-based chain of tire stores that had operated between 1969 and 1996 and kept prices low by only opening Wednesday through Saturday.[4][5][6]
  • Al's Auto Supply – Chain that operated in Washington, California, Idaho, Oregon, Nevada and Alaska; purchased by CSK Auto. Founded by Abe "Al" Wexler in Everett, Washington in the late 1950s;[7][8] sold 15 store chain to Paccar in 1987;[9] Paccar sold chain (along with Grand Auto) in 1999 to CSK Auto which eventually rebranded stores as Schucks.[10][11][12]
  • AllCar  – A Wisconsin-based chain that was acquired in 2000 by CSK Auto and rebranded Checker[13][14]
  • Auto Palace  – A New England-based chain that had 112 stores in 6 states before it was acquired and rebranded by AutoZone in 1998[15][16][17]
  • Auto Source  – Founded in Indianapolis by Canadian Tire in 1991 and operated until 1995. Canadian Tire later used a similar concept in Canada to create PartSource.[18][19] Some of the stores were sold to Pep Boys.[20]
  • Auto Works  – Began in Michigan in 1976 by Perry Drug Stores and which grew mostly through acquisitions[21][22] prior to being sold to Northern Automotive in 1988.[23] In turn, Northern became CSK and CSK sold Auto Works to Hahn Automotive in 1993[24] before Hahn finally closed Auto Works in 1997.[25] At its height, there were 252 stores in 8 states.
  • Big A Auto Parts – 142 stores and 10 distribution centers sold in 1998 bankruptcy proceedings to General Parts Inc. and BWP Distributors Inc. ("Carquest"), and Parts Source Inc., ("Ace Auto Parts").[26][27]
  • Big Wheel/Rossi Auto Parts – acquired by CSK Auto in 1999[28][29]
  • Carport Auto Parts – Alabama-based chain that was acquired and rebranded by Advance Auto in 2001[30][31]
  • Champion Auto Stores – Minneapolis-based chain filed for bankruptcy in 1998[32][33]
  • Checker Auto Parts – purchased by CSK Auto, Inc. In 2008, O'Reilly Auto Parts acquired CSK and phased-out the Checker brand.[34]
  • Chief Auto Parts – acquired and rebranded by AutoZone in 1998[35][36]
  • CSK Auto – based in Phoenix, Arizona with stores nationwide; bought by O'Reilly Auto Parts in 2008[37][38]
  • Discount Auto – Florida-based chain that was purchased and rebranded by Advance Auto in 2002[39][40]
  • Fleenor Auto Supply – Founded in 1926 as Fleenor Auto Parts in Alexandria, Indiana. Fleenor Auto Supply grew into a 50 store chain before it was acquired by the 11-store chain Auto Works in 1983. Auto Works rebranded the stores to FAS Auto Works and finally to Auto Works.[21][23][41]
  • Grand Auto – A California-based chain that originally started in a World War 2 surplus bus in Oakland in 1945 by 3 war veterans, Irving Krantzman, Max Brown, and Sam Garfinkle;[42] first physical store was open in San Lorenzo in 1946;[43] company was sold to Paccar in 1988;[9][44][45] Paccar sold chain (along with Al's Auto Supply) in 1999 to CSK Auto which eventually rebranded stores as Schucks or Kragen.[10][11][12] Also known as Grand Auto Stores and Grand Auto Supply.
  • Guarantee Auto Stores – An Indianapolis-based chain founded in 1916 that operated 77 stores in 4 states prior to its merger with Nationwise Automotive of Columbus, OH in 1988.[46][47][48]
  • Kragen Auto Parts – purchased by CSK Auto, Inc.; acquired by O'Reilly Auto Parts in 2008 and brand phased out[49]
  • Murray's Discount Auto Stores – purchased by CSK Auto, Inc. in 2005;[50][51] acquired and rebranded by O'Reilly Auto Parts in 2008[52][53]
  • Nationwise Automotive – A Columbus, Ohio-based chain founded in 1963 that went bankrupt in 1995.[54][55] Most of the stores were acquired by the Parts America division of Western Auto and the rest by AutoZone.[48][56]
  • Oklahoma Tire & Supply Company – Founded in 1918 by three brothers in Oklahoma; Filed for bankruptcy protection under Chapter 11 in 1988 and ceased operation shortly after.[57][58]
  • Parts America – Sears created the Parts America store concept in 1995 and tried to convert full service Western Auto stores into the parts only Parts America brand until it sold the stores to Advance Auto Parts in 1998.[59][60][61] Upon merger, Parts America stores were rebranded Advance Auto Parts and the website partsamerica.com became a web only store for Advance Auto Parts. With financial backing from Sears, Advance Auto Parts decided to make the partsamerica.com into a portal for web purchasing of auto parts as part of a joint venture with CSK Auto.[62] The website appeared to have been deactivated by 2009.[63]
  • Rose Auto Parts – Florida-based chain with 66 stores in the state was purchased and converted by Discount Auto in 1998[64][65]
  • Schucks Auto Supply – purchased by CSK Auto, Inc.; acquired by O'Reilly Auto Parts in 2008[66]
  • Super Shops – filed for bankruptcy in 1998[67][68]
  • Trak Auto – Mid-Atlantic, Midwest, and West Coast; founded by Robert Haft (Crown Books) in 1981; purchased and rebranded by Advance Auto Parts in 2002[69][70]
  • Western Auto – nationwide, once had 1,800 locations, purchased by Sears in 1987[71][72] and sold to and rebranded by Advance Auto Parts in 1998[73][74]
  • Wheels Discount Auto – (owned by Fays Inc Fay's Drug and Paper Cutter) - acquired and rebranded by Parts America in 1995,[75][76][77][78] subsequently purchased by Advance Auto Parts

Camping, sports or athletic stores

Catalog showrooms

Clothing, shoe and specialty stores

  • A&N Stores - A regional chain of Army-Navy surplus stores that later sold sportswear and footwear, A&N ceased operations in 2008.[102][103]
  • Anchor Blue - Youth-oriented mall chain, founded in 1972 as Miller's Outpost. The brand had 150 stores at its peak, predominantly on the West Coast. Anchor Blue declared bankruptcy in 2009 and shuttered more than 50 stores, and gradually shrank to include stores solely in California. It went bankrupt once more in 2011, with the remaining stores closed before Easter of that year.[104]
  • Anderson-Little - men's specialty retailer originally associated with a large Massachusetts-based men's clothing manufacturer; also known as Anderson Little-Richman Brothers; owned for many years by F. W. Woolworth Company. Ceased operations in 1997.[105][106][107][108][109]
  • Arden B. - A juniors store focused on trendy dresses and clubwear, launched by Wet Seal in 1998. Store count dwindled in the late 2000s, the brand went entirely out of business in 2014.[110]
  • Contempo Casuals/Petite Sophisticate - A duo of juniors brand established by Neiman Marcus that grew to more than 230 mall locations. Competitor Wet Seal purchased the brands in 1996 and gradually converted them to Wet Seal locations.
  • Body Central - A juniors store focusing on fast-fashion. Body Central experienced rapid expansion in the 2000s after an IPO, only to default on $18 million in debt and go bankrupt in 2014.[111]
  • County Seat - Founded in 1973, the denim-focused mall retailer expanded in the 1980s to nearly 500 stores. It filed for bankruptcy in 1996 and shuttered stores, and another bankruptcy in 1999 put the company out of business.[112]
  • Delia's - founded in 1993 as a juniors' clothing catalog, Delia's (stylized as dEliA*s) expanded to more than 100 physical locations before cheaper competitors sent it to bankruptcy in 2014.[113]
  • El Bee Shoes - a shoe store spinoff of the Elder-Beerman department store chain. The brand was liquidated in 1996.[114][115][116][117]
  • Fashion Bug- Plus-size women's clothing retailer that once spanned more than 1000 stores. Parent company Charming Shoppes, which owned other plus-size retailers including Lane Bryant, shuttered the brand in early 2013.
  • Gadzooks - Founded in 1983 as a T-shirt store, Gadzooks grew to a 250-store mall fashion retailer before making an ill-advised decision to discontinue menswear. The company was purchased by competitor Forever 21 out of bankruptcy, with its stores either closed or converted to F21 formats.
  • Gottschalks - Founded in 1904, this middle-market regional department store was once the largest independently-owned publicly-traded department store in the United States. Bankruptcy claimed the brand in 2009.[118]
  • Harold's – Founded in 1948 in Norman, Oklahoma, and liquidated through bankruptcy in 2008.[119]
  • Harry Levinson's – Indianapolis-based men's clothing chain that went bankrupt in 1995.[120][121][122]
  • J. Brannam – a unit of the F. W. Woolworth Company established in 1979 that operated primarily in the southern U.S.;[123] closed in 1985[124]
  • Jay Jacobs – Seattle-based clothier founded in 1941 and closed in 1999
  • Judy's – Women's clothing retail chain founded in 1946[125] and sold in 1989 to Laws International Holdings Ltd.; entered Chapter 11 bankruptcy protection from 1992 to early 1993. Larry Hansel/Westridge Partners purchased the 50 remaining stores in 1993 but the chain, including Hansel's Rampage Clothing went bankrupt by 1997.[126][127]
  • Kids "R" Us - A division of Toys "R" Us, created in 1983 to sell children's and preteen clothing; it folded in 2003.
  • Kinney Shoes – manufacturer and retailer established in 1894 and purchased by F.W. Woolworth in 1963
  • Kleinhans – a men's clothier in Buffalo, New York that operated from 1893 until 1992
  • Klopfenstein's – a men's clothier in the Seattle-Tacoma area founded in 1918 and in operation until 1992[128]
  • Martin + Osa - Established in 2006 as the more mature counterpart to American Eagle Outfitters, the chain grew to 28 stores before millions in losses forced its parent company to discontinue it. The brand's stores and e-commerce site disappeared in 2010.
  • Merry-Go-Round - The precursor to today's "Fast-Fashion" brands, Merry-Go-Round had more than 500 locations during its heyday in the 1980s. It went bankrupt in 1995.[129]
  • Mervyn's - A California-based regional department store founded in 1949. Mervyn's ill-fated expansion out of West Coast markets in the months before a recession sent the company into bankruptcy in 2008.[130][131]
  • Paul Harris - Women's retailer based in Indianapolis-Started in 1952. Filed for bankruptcy protection in 1991 and again in 2000 only to close all stores in Spring of 2001.[132]
  • Raleigh's – also known as Raleigh Haberdasher, was a men's and women's clothing store in Washington, D.C. from 1911 to 1992
  • Richman Brothers – men's specialty store and manufacturer based in Cleveland, Ohio; in 1969, it became a division of F. W. Woolworth Company along with its Anderson Little stores, and operated until the division became unprofitable and was closed in 1992.[133][134]
  • Robert Hall
  • Rogers Peet – New York City, New York, and branches
  • Roos/Atkins - a San Francisco menswear retailer formed in 1957 and expanded throughout the Bay Area in the 60s. The brand went into decline in the 1980s and ceased operations by 1995.
  • Ruehl No.925 – concept brand launched by Abercrombie & Fitch in 2004; poor sales and operating losses led to A&F ceasing operations of Ruehl in early 2010.
  • Sagebrush – sold casual wear
  • The Sample – Buffalo, New York
  • Sibley's Shoes
  • Sycamore Shops – a boutique founded by L.S. Ayres in 1968;[135] later sold to managers when parent company divested; filed for bankruptcy in 1996.[136]
  • Thom McAn[137]
  • Today's Man - A men's suiting store that began in the 1970s and expanded rapidly in the 1980s and 90s. Overexpansion brought the brand to bankruptcy in 1996.[138]
  • Yellow Front Stores - Founded in the 1950s as an army surplus store, Yellow Front transitioned to become a camping gear retailer before going bankrupt in 1990.
  • Warner Brothers Studio Store - Meant to be the WB answer to the rapidly growing Disney Store, the Warner Bros. Studio Stores sold collectibles and apparel based around WB properties including Looney Tunes and DC Comics. The Studio Stores were a victim of the AOL-Time Warner merger, and shuttered operations in 2001.[139]

Department and discount stores

Drug stores

A–M

N–Z

Electronics stores

Five-and-dime; variety stores

Furniture stores

Grocery stores and supermarkets

A–M

N–Z

  • National Tea
  • Omni Superstore – Dominick's big-box format
  • P&C Foods, Inc. – A division of Penn Traffic, declared bankruptcy in 2009 and last store closed in 2012[277]
  • Pantry Food Stores – A Pasadena, California-based chain that was purchased by Cullum in 1967 and then by Vons in 1986 which eventually lead to the stores being rebranded as Pavilions.[278][279]
  • Pantry Pride
  • Pay’n Takit – acquired by Safeway
  • Penn Fruit
  • Preston-Safeway – was a regional chain that briefly became the largest supermarket chain in Central Indiana, but was unable to withstand competition from national chains that were constantly entering the region from outside the region.[280][281][282] Not related to Safeway Stores, Inc.. Several courts ruled that Preston-Safeway had the right to use the name Safeway in Central Indiana due to prior use.[283]
  • Pick-N-Pay Supermarkets
  • Purity Supreme – Boston area
  • QFI
  • Quality Markets – Owned by Penn Traffic, Western New York. Acquired by Tops Friendly Markets.
  • Rack N Sack[284][285]
  • Red Food – Chattanooga, Tennessee, area; acquired by Bi-Lo Stores
  • Red Fox – small-town grocer in Illinois
  • Red Owl – Chicago, Illinois, stores only were sold to National Tea; remainder acquired by Supervalu
  • Sampson Food Stores – purchased by Hannaford in 1966, but name changed did not occur until 1983[286][287]
  • Sanitary Grocery Stores – after losing the Supreme Court case New Negro Alliance v. Sanitary Grocery Co., Washington, D.C.-area stores were acquired by Safeway Inc.; Baltimore, Maryland-area stores were acquired by Twin Food Stores[288]
  • Sav-A-Center – A&P in the New Orleans, Louisiana, region
  • Schwegmann Brothers – New Orleans; closed in 1999 after more than 125 years in business[289][290]
  • Seaway Food Town
  • Seessel's Supermarkets – acquired by Schnucks
  • Shopping Bag – Shopping Bag Food Stores was founded at a single store in Los Angeles in 1930 before growing in a 36 store chain by the time it was purchased by Vons in 1960. Due to anti-trust issues, Vons was not allowed by the US Justice Department to integrate the newly purchased stores into their firm and was later forced to sell the stores in 1972 to Fisher Foods which quickly rebranded the stores as Fazio's Shopping Bag and later as Fazio's after purchasing additional stores from A&P.[291]
  • Skaggs-Alpha Beta
  • Smitty's Marketplace – acquired by Albertsons in Missouri, rebranded Fred Meyer in Arizona
  • Standard Food – later Standard Dell Farms; Central Indiana; purchased by National Tea in 1947[292] and closed by Loblaw in 1982.[293] At one time, largest supermarket chain in central Indiana. Locations were sold to Marsh and Preston-Safeway.
  • Sunflower Market – SuperValu-owned natural foods market; closed in 2008; never affiliated with the southwestern U.S. chain of the same name
  • Super Duper
  • Super One Foods – acquired by Albertsons
  • Super Saver Foods
  • Sure Save – Chicago, Illinois; acquired by National Tea in 1961; stores changed to National Tea in 1964[294][295][296][297][298]
  • Tianguis – Vons' Hispanic format; Southern California (1988–1994)[299][300]
  • Walt's IGA – Wichita, Kansas
  • Weingarten's  – Houston area, Arkansas, Louisiana
  • White Hen Pantry – merged with 7-Eleven in mid-2007
  • Wild Oats Markets
  • Xtra Super Food Center – In Florida, Xtra operated 60,000-square-foot grocery stores in a warehouse format until it was closed in 1996 by its Venezuelan-based parent company.[301]

Home decor and craft stores

Home improvement

Music, booksellers, and video stores (records, tapes, books, CDs, DVDs, etc.)

A–M

  • B. Dalton – closed in 2010[353]
  • Borders Books – filed for bankruptcy in 2011;[354] some locations purchased by Books-A-Million; borders.com website acquired by Barnes & Noble
  • Blockbuster Music – sold to Wherehouse Music in 1998;[355] some locations converted to Wherehouse Music; majority were closed
  • Blockbuster Video – sold to Dish Network in 2011;[356] all company owned stores were closed January 12, 2014, but 50 franchise stores remained open[357]
  • Camelot Music – converted to FYE stores[358]
  • CD World – merged with Streetside Records in 2002, bankrupted in 2003 and then purchased by Trans World[359][360][361]
  • Coconuts – was acquired by Trans World in 1986; rebranded f.y.e in 2001[362][363][364]
  • Crown Books – founded by Robert Haft in 1977; liquidated in 2001 after second bankruptcy[365][366]
  • Disc Jockey – acquired by Trans World Entertainment in 2000.[367][368]
  • Flipside Records – Chicago, Illinois, area
  • Harmony House – Michigan
  • Hollywood Video ceased operations in May 2010
  • House of Music – Hawaii-based chain founded in Waikiki in 1949; purchased by National Record Mart; closed when NRM went bankrupt in 2001[369]
  • Incredible Universe
  • J&R – New York City, closed their music store at the beginning of 2014
  • King Karol – New York City
  • Licorice Pizza – A Glendale, California-based chain that was founded in 1969 and was later purchased by Record Bar in 1985. Stores were rebranded as Sam Goody after Musicland had purchased Record Bar a few months later in 1986.[370][371][372]
  • Media Play – closed and dissolved in 2006; a media superstore (books, music, and video) concept created by Musicland in 1992.[373][374]
  • Movie Gallery – operated stores under the Hollywood Video, Movie Gallery, and Game Crazy brands; liquidated and closed in 2010
  • Music Plus – A California chain that was purchased by Blockbuster in 1988 with the stores later converted into Blockbuster Music stores.[375][376][377]
  • Musicland – founded in Minneapolis in 1955, acquired by American Can in 1977; Musicland Group acquired Sam Goody in 1978 while keeping brand separate;[378] until 1997 when the Musicland Group decided to rebrand all existing Musicland stores as Sam Goody;[379][380] Musicland Group acquired by Best Buy in 2001[381] and eventually sold to Trans World Entertainment

N–Z

  • National Record Mart – A Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania-based company that went bankrupt in 2002.[382][383][384][385][386]
  • Odyssey Records & Tapes – bankrupted in 1979[387][388]
  • On Cue – a music, book and video store concept for small towns that was tested by Musicland. First store opened in 1992.[373] Stores were converted to Sam Goody in 2002[374][389][390][391] or liquidated.
  • Oranges Records & Tapes – Chicago, chain was owned at one time by JR's Music Shop of Chicago[392]
  • Peaches Records and Tapes – A Los Angeles-based chain that went bankrupt in 1981.[393][394]
  • Quonset Hut Records & More – Ohio-based company went bankrupt in 2005.[395][396][397]
  • Rainbow Records – Oklahoma City
  • Record & Tape Outlet (later CD & Tape Outlet) – Ohio; closed in 1990[398][399]
  • Record Bar – malls
  • Record Town – store name changed to FYE by parent company Trans World Entertainment
  • Record World – company also operated The Record Shops at TSS; was purchased by W.H. Smith after declaring bankruptcy in 1992 and later rebranded The Wall the following year[400][401][402]
  • Rose Records – Chicago, Illinois, area, was acquired by Tower Records from its owner and founder in 1995[403][404][405][406][407]
  • Sam Goody – most locations converted to FYE, but a small number of locations continue to operate as Sam Goody
  • Sound Warehouse – acquired by Blockbuster Inc. after 1992 bankruptcy; subsequently converted some stores to Blockbuster Music, the remainder to Blockbuster Video[377][408]
  • Spec's Music Florida-based chain.
  • Square Circle – store concept created in 1986 by Record World[409]
  • Strawberries – Massachusetts, was acquired by Live Entertainment in 1989 just before Live Entertainment's founder and CEO was murder by his sons; became independent in 1994 taking the other Live Entertainment's music store chains with it; acquired by Trans World in 1997 after declaring bankruptcy; rebranded f.y.e. in 2001[410][411][412][413][414]
  • Streetside Records – A St. Louis-based chain founded in 1971 and was acquired by Trans World Entertainment 2003. Last store closed in January 2013.[361][415][416]
  • Tape World – a store concept created by Trans World Entertainment in 1979 but later replaced by its later f.y.e. store concept[362]
  • Tower Records – founded in 1960 in Sacramento, California; in 2006 it converted to an online-only retailer
  • Turtle's Records & Tapes
  • The Record Shops at TSS – was a division of Record World that was located within Times Square Stores until the latter declared bankruptcy[401][402]
  • The Wall – chain created by W.H. Smith sold chain to Camelot Music 1997 and Trans World Entertainment purchases Camelot the following year[417][418][419]
  • Wallichs Music City – was the largest music retailer on the West Coast during the 1950s and 1960s that was founded by Glenn Wallich, founder of Capitol Records, and had stores in California and briefly in Arizona before it went bankrupt in 1977[420][421][422][423][424][425]
  • Waldenbooks In 2011 the chain was liquidated in bankruptcy.
  • Wall To Wall Sound & Video – acquired by W.H. Smith in 1990 after Wall To Wall declared bankruptcy in 1990; parent company rebranded stores The Wall in 1993[417][426][427]
  • Waves Music – store concept launched by National Record Mart in 1987; stores closed when parent company declared bankruptcy in 2002[385]
  • Waxie Maxie – Virginia; purchased by the parent company of Strawberries in 1989; became part of the new Strawberries in 1994; acquired by Trans World in 1997 after bankruptcy[411][412][428][429]
  • Wee Three – Philadelphia chain acquired by W.H. Smith in 1989; later rebranded The Wall in 1993[417][430][431]
  • Wherehouse Music
  • Vinyl Fever – small Florida record store chain; went out of business January 2011[432][433]
  • Virgin Megastores
  • Yesterday's Records/Discs – Wichita, Kansas[434][435]

Office-supply stores

Toy stores

Warehouse clubs and membership department stores

See also

References

  1. ↑ Wascoe Jr., Dan (March 4, 1990). "10,000 Auto Parts leaves many losers". St. Paul Pioneer Press. p. 01D. (subscription required (help)).
  2. ↑ Owen, Linda (March 31, 1990). "GD Auto can buy 10,000 Auto Parts' Assets, Judge Says". St. Paul Pioneer Press (MN) (NewsBank). p. 10C Business. Retrieved January 29, 2012.(subscription required)
  3. ↑ Wascoe Jr., Dan (April 3, 1990). "Champion owners plan to buy assets of 10,000 Auto Parts stores, reopen 10". Minneapolis Star-Tribune (NewsBank). p. 01D.(subscription required)
  4. ↑ O'Dell, John (August 5, 1996). "4-Day Tire Stores Out of Business". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved 2014-02-18.
  5. ↑ Johnson, Greg (July 21, 1995). "Donald Carr, 4day Tire Stores Co-Founder, Dies". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved 2014-02-18.
  6. ↑ Oliver, Myrna (June 24, 1990). "Phil Lansdale; Ad Executive Founded 4day Tire Stores". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved 2014-02-18.
  7. ↑ "Abe "Al" Wexler (Obituary)". The Herald (Everett). May 19–21, 2012.
  8. ↑ Dart, Leland (May 19, 2012). "Abe "Al" Wexler, Founder of Everett’s Al’s Auto Supply Chain Passes". MyEverettNews.com.
  9. ↑ 9.0 9.1 "PACCAR - Pursuit of Quality". Paccar.
  10. ↑ 10.0 10.1 "CSK Auto To Buy Paccar's Parts Subsidiary". New York Times. August 24, 1999.
  11. ↑ 11.0 11.1 "CSK Auto Corporation to Acquire Grand Auto Supply and Al's Auto Supply". The Auto Channel. August 23, 1999.
  12. ↑ 12.0 12.1 Lane, Polly (August 23, 1999). "Eastside Business -- Paccar To Sell Auto-Parts Unit, Focus On Trucks". Seattle Times.
  13. ↑ "CSK Auto Corporation to Acquire All-Car Distributors, Inc.". The Auto Channel. March 13, 2000.
  14. ↑ "CSK Auto Corporation to Acquire All-Car Distributors, Inc.". PRNewswire (Press release). March 13, 2000. Link via ProQuest.
  15. ↑ "AutoZone acquires 112-store Auto Palace chain". Memphis Business Journal. February 18, 1998.
  16. ↑ "AutoZone To Acquire Auto Palace". PRNewswire (Press release). January 14, 1998 – via The Free Library.
  17. ↑ "AutoZone continues growth with Auto Palace purchase". The Auto Channel. February 1998.
  18. ↑ "A new kind of auto store: Canadian retailer to open first U.S. locations here this summer. (Canadian Tire Corp. Ltd.'s US Division, Car Car USA Inc.)". Indianapolis Business Journal. April 15, 1991 – via HighBeam Research. (subscription required (help)).
  19. ↑ McCarron, Kathy (January 9, 1995). "Canadian Tire Closes Auto Source". TireBusiness.Com.
  20. ↑ "Pep Boys To Acquire Three Auto Source Stores". PR Newswire (Press release). March 5, 1995 – via The Free Library.
  21. ↑ 21.0 21.1 "Perry Drug Stores to Buy Auto Parts Stores". Los Angeles Times. August 9, 1983. p. E14. Alternate Link via ProQuest.
  22. ↑ Byrne, John A. (January 30, 1984). "Mufflers and Mascara". Forbes. Link via ProQuest.
  23. ↑ 23.0 23.1 "Rite Aid Accelerating Into Auto Parts Retailing With Acquisition Of ADAP". Elsevier Business Intelligence. March 26, 1984.
  24. ↑ "Hahn Automotive Warehouse Inc.: Auto Works to Be Acquired From Northern Retail Corp.". Wall Street Journal. November 1, 1993. Alternate Link via ProQuest.
  25. ↑ "Michigan Auto Works stores started sales last Saturday". Argus-Press. August 26, 1997. p. 6.
  26. ↑ "APS Holding to sell 142 Big A Auto Parts stores". New York Times. September 11, 1998.
  27. ↑ Perin, Monica (February 8, 1998). "APS cites troubled auto parts market in bankruptcy filing". Houston Business Journal.
  28. ↑ "CSK Auto Corporation Completes Acquisition of Big Wheel/Rossi Auto Parts Stores". The Auto Channel. July 1, 1999.
  29. ↑ "CSK Auto to buy Big Wheel/Rossi". Milwaukee Business Journal. May 18, 1999.
  30. ↑ Cooper, David (March 16, 2001). "Carport will be sold to Advance Auto Parts". Tuscaloosa News. p. B7.
  31. ↑ "Advance Auto Parts to Acquire Carport Auto Parts Stores". PRNewswire (Press release). March 15, 2001.
  32. ↑ "Champion Auto files chapter 11". Minneapolis/St. Paul Business Journal. May 7, 1998.
  33. ↑ Moore, Jane (October 20, 1998). "Bankruptcy court approves sale of 10 Twin Cities area Champion Auto stores; Midwest Auto Parts deal becomes final.(BUSINESS)". Star Tribune – via HighBeam Research. (subscription required (help)).
  34. ↑ Rigsby, G.G. (February 5, 2009). "Oh yeah: O'Reilly Auto Parts to open in Sylvania". Sylvania Telephone.
  35. ↑ O'Dell, John (May 12, 1998). "AutoZone to Acquire Car Parts Rival Chief". Los Angeles Times.
  36. ↑ O'Dell, John (July 1, 1998). "AutoZone Purchase of Chief Auto Is Complete". Los Angeles Times.
  37. ↑ Fineman, Josh (April 1, 2008). "O'Reilly Automotive to Buy CSK Auto for $528 Million". Bloomberg.
  38. ↑ Bond, Andrew (April 29, 2011). "Can O'Reilly Keep Its Growth Up?". The Motley Fool.
  39. ↑ Sasso, Michael (January 23, 2002). "Discount Auto May Lose 70 Stores; Advance Auto may close the stores as part of its merger". Lakeland Ledger. p. E1.
  40. ↑ "Discount Auto shareholders approve Advance merger". Tampa Bay Business Journal. November 30, 2001.
  41. ↑ "Perry Drug Acquisition". Wall Street Journal. September 13, 1983. p. 2. Alternate Link via ProQuest.
  42. ↑ "Gala opening for Grand Auto store". Hayward Daily Review. October 4, 1973. p. 31.
  43. ↑ "Grand Auto opens San Lorenzo store". Hayward Daily Review. December 4, 1969. p. 38.
  44. ↑ "Grand Auto's Sale To Paccar Is Set". New York Times. January 6, 1988. p. D5.
  45. ↑ "Paccar Inc. to Acquire Grand Auto in Pact Totaling $49.2 Million". Wall Street Journal. January 6, 1988. p. 1. Alternate Link via ProQuest.
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  478. ↑ "Wal-mart Acquiring Club Rival". Chicago Tribune, November 7, 1990.
  479. ↑ "J. F. Geisse, 71, Who Founded Discount Stores". New York Times, February 27, 1992.