List of countries by spoken languages
This list shows countries organised by the languages which are spoken there.
Indo-European languages
Albanian
Albania (official)
Kosovo (official)
Macedonia (significant minority)
Italy (minority) (also as Arbëreshë)
Montenegro (minority)
Greece (minority) (also as Arvanitika)
Serbia (minority)
Romania (minority)
Armenian
Asia
Armenia (official)
Cyprus (minority)
Georgia (significant minority)
Iran (minority)
Israel (minority)
Lebanon (minority)
Syria (minority)
Turkey (minority)
Europe
North America
US (minority)
South America
Baltic
Latgalian
Latvian
Latvia (official)
Lithuanian
Celtic
![](../I/m/Map_of_Celtic_Nations.svg.png)
Map of the Celtic nations
Breton
Cornish
United Kingdom (minority language in
Cornwall, but unofficial)
Irish
Ireland (co-official with English)
United Kingdom (minority and official in Northern Ireland)
United States (minority)
Manx
Isle of Man (minority)
Scottish Gaelic
Canada (minority in Nova Scotia)
United Kingdom (significant minority in Scotland)
United States (minority)
Welsh
Argentina (significant minority in Chubut)
United Kingdom (spoken by approximately 20% of the population in Wales[1] and co-official with English)
United States (minority)
Afrikaans
South Africa (co-official with 10 other languages)
Namibia (unofficial)
United States (minority)
Netherlands (minority)
United Kingdom (minority)
Germany (minority)
Belgium (minority)
Australia (minority)
Argentina (minority)
Alsatian
Danish
Denmark (official)
Germany (in Schleswig-Holstein, official recognised minority language)
Faroe Islands (co-official alongside with Faroese)
Greenland (minority)
Iceland (minority)
Dutch
Europe
Netherlands (official)
Belgium (co-official with French and German)
France (in French Flanders)
Germany (in Low Rhine Country)
North America
Aruba (co-official with Papiamento)
Curaçao (co-official with English and Papiamento)
Sint Maarten (co-official with English)
South America
Suriname (official)
French Guiana (unofficial, spoken in Saint-Laurent-du-Maroni)
English
See also: List of countries where English is an official language and List of countries by English-speaking population
![](../I/m/Anglospeak.svg.png)
Map of the English-speaking world.
Africa
Botswana (co-official with Tswana)
Cameroon (co-official with French)
Gambia (official)
Ghana (official)
Kenya (co-official with Swahili)
Lesotho (co-official with Sesotho)
Liberia (official)
Malawi (official)
Mauritius (official)
Namibia (official)
Nigeria (official)
Rwanda (co-official with Kinyarwanda and French)
Seychelles (co-official with French and Seychellois Creole)
Sierra Leone (official)
South Africa (co-official with 10 other languages)
South Sudan (official)
Swaziland (co-official with Swati)
Uganda (co-official with Swahili)
Zambia (official)
Zimbabwe (official)
Asia
Bahrain (Unofficial)
India (co-official with 21 other languages)
Lebanon (significant minority)
Pakistan (co-official with Urdu)
Philippines (co-official with Filipino, and with regional languages as auxiliary official languages[2])
Singapore (co-official with Tamil, Mandarin, and Malay)
Sri Lanka (co-official)
Bangladesh (de facto co-official with Bengali)
Malaysia (co-official with Tamil, Mandarin, and Malay)
Brunei (co-official with Mandarin, and Malay)
Europe
Ireland (co-official with Irish, see Hiberno-English)
Malta (co-official with Maltese)
United Kingdom (co-official with Welsh, see British English)
North America
Antigua and Barbuda (official)
Bahamas (official)
Barbados (official)
Belize (official)
Canada (official, see Canadian English)
Dominica (official)
Grenada (official)
Jamaica (official, see Jamaican English)
Saint Kitts and Nevis (official)
Saint Lucia (official)
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines (official)
Trinidad and Tobago (official)
United States (de facto, see American English)
Oceania
Australia (de facto, see Australian English)
Fiji (co-official with Fijian and Hindustani)
Kiribati (co-official with Kiribati)
Marshall Islands (co-official with Marshallese)
Federated States of Micronesia
Nauru (de facto)
New Zealand (co-official with Māori and New Zealand Sign Language; see also New Zealand English)
Palau (co-official with Palauan)
Papua New Guinea (co-official with Tok Pisin and Hiri Motu)
Solomon Islands (official)
Vanuatu (co-official with Bislama and French)
South America
Guyana (official)
Dependent entities
American Samoa (co-official with Samoan)
British Indian Ocean Territory (de facto)
Anguilla (official)
Bermuda (official)
British Virgin Islands (official)
Cayman Islands (official)
Christmas Island (official)
Cook Islands (co-official with Cook Islands Māori)
Falkland Islands (official)
Gibraltar (official)
Guam (co-official with Chamorro)
Guernsey (official)
Hong Kong (co-official with Chinese)
Isle of Man (official)
Jersey (official)
Montserrat (official)
Norfolk Island (co-official with Norfuk)
Northern Mariana Islands (co-official with Chamorro and Carolinian)
Pitcairn Islands (co-official with Pitkern)
Puerto Rico (co-official with Spanish)
Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha (official)
South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands (official)
Turks and Caicos Islands (official)
United States Virgin Islands (official)
Faroese
Faroe Islands (co-official with Danish)
Denmark (unofficial)
Frisian
Denmark (minority)
Germany (official recognised minority language)
Netherlands (minority language in Friesland)
German
![](../I/m/Map_German_SpeakingWorld.png)
Map of the German-speaking world
Europe
Austria (official)
Germany (official)
Liechtenstein (official)
Switzerland (co-official with French and Italian)
Belgium (official with Dutch and French)
Hungary (co-official with Hungarian in the city of Sopron)
Italy (co-official with Italian in South Tyrol)
Luxembourg (co-official with French and Luxembourgish)
Poland (co-official as auxiliary language in the Opole Voivodeship)
Vatican City (official with other languages, language of the Swiss Guard)
France (minority in Alsace and Lorraine)
Czech Republic (minority)
Denmark (minority)
Romania (minority)
Russia (minority)
Africa
Namibia (co-official as auxiliary language)
Asia
Kazakhstan (minority)
North America
United States (minority)[3]
South America
Icelandic
Low German
Germany (recognized as regional language)
Netherlands (recognized as regional language)
Norwegian
Scots
Swedish
Greek
Greece (official)
Cyprus (co-official with Turkish)
Albania (significant minority)
Macedonia (minority)
Russia (minority)
Ukraine (minority)
Turkey (minority)
Italy (minority)
Armenia (minority)
Romania (minority)
Hungary (minority)
Syria (minority)
USA (minority)
Balochi
Afghanistan (minority)
Iran (significant minority in Balochistan)
Pakistan (Majority in Balochistan)
United Arab Emirates (minority)
Persian
Afghanistan (co-official as Dari, with Pashto)
Bahrain (minority)
Germany (minority)
Iran (official)
Iraq (significant minority)
Pakistan (minority)
Qatar (minority)
Russia (minority)
Tajikistan (official, as Tajik)
United Arab Emirates (minority)
United States (minority)
Uzbekistan (minority)
Tajik
Afghanistan (significant minority)
Iran (minority)
Kazakhstan (minority)
Kyrgyzstan (minority)
Pakistan (minority)
Tajikistan (official)
Uzbekistan (minority)
China (minority)
Turkmenistan (minority)
Russia (minority)
Kurdish
Armenia (recognized minority)
Iran (regional)
Iraq (co-official with Arabic)
Syria (significant minority)
Turkey (significant minority)
Mazandarani
Iran (unofficial, in Māzandarān Province)
Pashto
Afghanistan (co-official with Dari)
Iran (minority)
Pakistan (majority in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa and FATA)
United Arab Emirates (minority)
Angika
Cambodia (minority language)
India (majority in Anga, significant minority in the rest of the country)
Laos (minority language)
Malaysia (minority language)
Nepal (minority language)
Vietnam (minority language)
Assamese
Bhutan (minority)
India (official language along with 21 others)
United Kingdom (minority)
United States (minority)
Awadhi
Bhutan (minority)
India (majority in Uttar Pradesh, minority in Bihar, Madhya Pradesh, and Delhi)
Bengali
![](../I/m/Bengali-world.svg.png)
Map of the Bengali-speaking world
Asia
Bangladesh (official)
India (official, along with 21 others; primarily spoken in the Indian states of West Bengal, Tripura, Assam, with significant minority in Bihar, Jharkhand and Orissa)
Saudi Arabia (significant minority)
United Arab Emirates (significant minority)
Oman (minority)
South Korea (minority)
Japan (minority)
Qatar (minority)
Kuwait (minority)
Malaysia (significant minority)
Singapore (minority)
Maldives (minority)
Nepal (minority)
Pakistan (minority. Mostly used in Karachi, where it holds the status as that of a recognized secondary language)[4][5][6][7])
Africa
Sierra Leone (honorary official language, along with English)
South Africa (minority)
Europe
Italy (minority)
United Kingdom (significant minority)
North America
United States (significant minority)
Canada (minority)
Oceania
Australia (minority)
Bhili
India (minority)
Bhojpuri
Fiji (minority)
Guyana (minority)
India (in Bihar, Jharkhand, and Uttar Pradesh)
Mauritius (minority)
Nepal (minority)
United Kingdom (minority)
Suriname (minority)
Trinidad and Tobago (minority)
Seychelles (minority)
South Africa (minority)
Australia (minority)
Bishnupriya Manipuri
Chakma
Bangladesh (minority, mostly in Chittagong Division)
India (minority, mostly in Tripura, Mizoram, Arunachal Pradesh)
Chhattisgarhi
India (majority in Chhattisgarh, minority in Madhya Pradesh, Orissa, and Bihar)
Chittagonian
Bangladesh (significant minority, major language of Chittagong Division of Bangladesh)
Burma (minority, mostly in Arakan and Yangon)
Oman (minority)
Saudi Arabia (minority)
United Arab Emirates (minority)
Qatar (minority)
Kuwait (minority)
Pakistan (minority, mostly in Karachi)
United Kingdom (minority)
United States (minority)
Dhivehi
India (in Lakshadweep)
Maldives (official)
Dogri
Pakistan (in Punjab, and Azad Kashmir)
India (in Jammu and Kashmir, Punjab, and Himachal Pradesh))
Domari
Africa
Asia
India (minority)
Iran (significant minority)
Iraq (minority)
Pakistan (minority)
Libya (minority)
Syria (minority)
Turkey (minority)
Palestine (minority)
Israel (minority)
Afghanistan (minority)
Bangladesh (minority)
Jordan (minority)
Iraq (minority)
Lebanon (minority)
Uzbekistan (minority)
Armenia (minority)
Azerbaijan (minority)
Georgia (minority)
Turkmenistan (minority)
Kazakhstan (minority)
Tajikistan (minority)
Kuwait (minority)
Kyrgyzstan (minority)
Europe
Russia (minority)
Gujarati
Australia (minority)
Canada (significant minority)
India (official in Gujarat)
Pakistan (significant minority)
South Africa (significant minority)
Kenya (minority)
Mauritius (minority)
Tanzania (minority)
Uganda (minority)
United Kingdom (significant minority)
United States (significant minority)
Zimbabwe (minority)
Hajong
India (minority, mostly in Assam, Meghalaya, Arunachal Pradesh and West Bengal)
Bangladesh (minority)
Halbi
India (in Madhya Pradesh, Chhattisgarh, and Andhra Pradesh)
Kalash
Pakistan (minority)
Afghanistan (minority)
Kashmiri
India (official, spoken in Delhi, Jammu and Kashmir, Punjab, and Uttar Pradesh)
Pakistan (spoken in Azad Kashmir)
United Kingdom (minority, mostly by immigrants from Azad Kashmir)
Khandeshi
India (minority, spoken in Maharashtra, Gujarat)
Khowar
Kannada
Kumaoni
India (majority in Uttarakhand) (minority in Assam)
Lomavren
Armenia (minority)
Azerbaijan (minority)
Bulgaria (minority)
Georgia (minority)
Iran (minority)
Russia (minority)
Syria (minority)
Magadhi
Maithili
Mal Paharia
India (minority, mostly in Jharkhand and West Bengal)
Bangladesh (minority)
Marathi
India (official along with 21 others, widely spoken in Maharashtra and Goa & parts of Gujarat, Madhya Pradesh, Sindh, Karnataka, Andhra Pradesh, Tamil Nadu, Dadra and Nagar Haveli and Daman and Diu
Israel (minority)
Mauritius (minority)
Singapore (minority)
United States (Significant minority)
United Kingdom (Significant minority)
Australia (Significant minority)
New Zealand (Significant minority)
South Africa (Significant minority)
United Arab Emirates (Significant minority)
Bahrain (Significant minority)
Marwari
Nepali
Bhutan (unofficial)
Hong Kong (unofficial)
India (official in Sikkim),(Regional language in West Bengal)
Myanmar (unofficial)
Nepal (official)
United Kingdom (unofficial)
Oriya
Bangladesh (minority)
India (official in Orissa)
Punjabi
India (official with others)
Pakistan (majority in Punjab)
United Kingdom (significant minority)
Canada (minority)
United States (minority)
Rajasthani
Rajbanshi
India (minority)
Bangladesh (minority)
Nepal (minority)
Rohingya
Burma (minority, mostly in Arakan, Burma)
Bangladesh (minority, mostly in Chittagong Division, Bangladesh)
Pakistan (minority, mostly in Karachi)
Saudi Arabia (minority)
Oman (minority)
United Arab Emirates (minority)
Thailand (minority)
Malaysia (minority)
India (minority)
Tamil India, Sri Lanka Philippines Malaysia Singapore Réunion, Mauritius, Indonesia Burma South Africa Thailand Guyana, Fiji, Suriname, Trinidad and Tobago
Romani
Asia
Bangladesh (minority)
India (minority)
Pakistan (minority)
Iran (minority)
Afghanistan (minority)
Uzbekistan (minority)
Kazakhstan (minority)
Turkmenistan (minority)
Tajikistan (minority)
Kyrgyzstan (minority)
Armenia (minority)
Europe
Albania (minority)
Austria (minority)
Belarus (minority)
Belgium (minority)
Bosnia and Herzegovina (minority)
Bulgaria (significant minority)
Croatia (minority)
Cyprus (minority)
Czech Republic (minority)
Denmark (minority)
Estonia (minority)
Finland (officially recognised minority language)
France (minority)
Germany (officially recognised minority language)
Greece (minority)
Hungary (significant minority, officially recognised minority language)
Ireland (minority)
Italy (minority)
Kosovo (officially recognized minority language)
Latvia (minority)
Lithuania (minority)
Macedonia (official in Šuto Orizari Municipality)
Moldova (minority)
Montenegro (minority)
Netherlands (minority)
Norway (officially recognised minority language)
Poland (minority)
Portugal (minority)
Romania (co-official in 79 rural communes)
Russia (officially recognised minority language)
Serbia (officially recognised minority language)
Slovakia (minority)
Slovenia (officially recognised minority language)
Spain (minority)
Sweden (officially recognised minority language)
Switzerland (minority)
Turkey (minority)
Ukraine (minority)
United Kingdom (minority)
North America
United States (minority)
Canada (minority)
Sindhi
Hong Kong (minority)
India (official with others)
Oman (minority)
Pakistan (majority in Sindh)
Philippines (minority)
Singapore (minority)
United Arab Emirates (minority)
United Kingdom (minority)
United States (minority)
Sinhalese
Sylheti
Bangladesh (major language of Sylhet Division of Bangladesh)
India (significant minority in the state of Assam, especially in Barak Valley)
United Kingdom (significant minority)
United States (minority)
United Arab Emirates (minority)
Tanchangya
Bangladesh (minority; mainly in Chittagong Division, related to Chakma, Chittagonian, Pali, Prakrit, Sanskrit Rohingya and Bengali language)
India (minority; mainly in Indian states of Assam, Tripura and Mizoram)
Burma (minority; mainly in Rakhine State, and few of them in Chin State and Yangon Division of Burma)
Urdu
Bahrain (minority)
Bangladesh (significant minority)
Fiji (co-official as Hindustani with English and Fijian)
India (co-official with 21 others)
Nepal (minority)
Mauritius (minority)
Oman (minority)
Pakistan (co-official with English)
Qatar (minority)
Saudi Arabia (minority)
South Africa (minority)
United Arab Emirates (minority)
United Kingdom (minority)
United States (minority)
Catalan
Andorra (official)
France (in Northern Catalonia)
Italy (a significant minority in Alghero)
Spain (co-official with Spanish in
Catalonia, the Balearic Islands, and
Valencia. In El Carche (Murcia) and La Franja (Aragon) it is not official).
Corsican
French
Map of the French-speaking world
Europe
Andorra (spoken, not official)
Belgium (co-official with Dutch and German)
France (official)
Italy (co-official in the Aosta Valley)
Luxembourg (co-official with German and Luxembourgish)
Monaco (official)
Switzerland (co-official with German, Italian, and Romansh)
Africa
Algeria (unofficial, but widely used)
Benin (official)
Burkina Faso (official)
Burundi (co-official with Kirundi)
Cameroon (co-official with English)
Central African Republic (co-official with Sango)
Chad (co-official with Arabic)
Comoros (co-official with Arabic and Comorian)
Democratic Republic of the Congo (official)
Republic of the Congo (official)
Ivory Coast (official)
Djibouti (co-official with Arabic)
Equatorial Guinea (co-official with Spanish)
Gabon (official)
Guinea (official)
Madagascar (co-official with Malagasy)
Mali (official)
Mauritania (de facto)
Mauritius (de facto)
Morocco (de facto)
Niger (official)
Réunion (official)
Rwanda (co-official with English and Kinyarwanda)
Senegal (official; Wolof most widely spoken)
Seychelles (co-official with English and Seychellois Creole)
Togo (official)
Tunisia (unofficial, but widely used)
Asia
Cambodia (minority)
Vietnam (minority)
Laos (administrative language)
Lebanon (co-official with Arabic)
India (in Puducherry, co-official with Tamil, Telugu, and Malayalam)
North America
Canada (co-official with English; majority in Quebec, minority in New Brunswick, Ontario, Manitoba)
Guadeloupe (official)
Haiti (co-official with Haitian Creole)
Martinique (official)
Saint Barthelemy (official)
Saint Martin (official)
Saint Pierre and Miquelon (official)
United States (minority language, especially in Louisiana, Maine, Vermont, and New Hampshire)[3]
Oceania
French Polynesia (official)
New Caledonia (official)
Vanuatu (co-official with English and Bislama)
Wallis and Futuna (official)
South America
French Guiana (official)
Brazil (minority, significantly in RJ/ES and other coastal states; see French, Belgian and Swiss Brazilians)
Galician
Galicia (co-official with Spanish)
Argentina (minority, from immigration)
Brazil (minority, from immigration)
Cuba (minority, from immigration)
France (minority, from immigration)
Germany (minority, from immigration)
Switzerland (minority, from immigration)
Uruguay (minority, from immigration)
Venezuela (minority, from immigration)
Italian
![](../I/m/Map_Italophone_World.png)
Map of the Italian-speaking world
Europe
Albania (unofficial, but widely spoken; some 70% of the population)
Belgium (minority)
Croatia (official status in Istria)
France (minority language in
Corsica)
Germany (minority)
Greece (minority)
Italy (official)
Luxembourg (minority)
Malta (unofficial, but widely spoken; some 66% of the population)
Monaco (unofficial, but widely spoken)
San Marino (official)
Slovenia (co-official in Koper, Izola and Piran)
Switzerland (co-official with French, German, and Romansh)
Vatican City (official)
Africa
Americas
Argentina (minority)
Brazil (minority)
Canada (minority)
Peru (minority)
United States (minority)[3]
-
Uruguay (minority)
Venezuela (minority)
Oceania
-
Australia (minority)
Jèrriais
Latin
Vatican City (official, but not spoken)
Mirandese
Portugal (co-official with Portuguese in the municipalities of Miranda do Douro, Mogadouro and Vimioso)
Portuguese
![](../I/m/Map_of_the_portuguese_language_in_the_world.svg.png)
Map of the Lusophone world
Europe
Portugal (official)
Spain (significant minority in Olivenza)
France (significant minority)
Luxembourg (significant minority)
Switzerland (significant minority)
Andorra (significant minority)
Germany (significant minority)
Africa
Angola (official)
Cape Verde (official)
Guinea-Bissau (official)
Equatorial Guinea (co-official with Spanish and French)
Mozambique (official)
São Tomé and Príncipe (official)
South Africa (minority)
Namibia (minority)
Asia
East Timor (co-official with Tetum)
Japan (significant minority; see Brazilians in Japan)
Macau (co-official with Chinese)
India (minority in Goa State)
North America
United States (significant minority)
Canada (significant minority)
South America
Brazil (official, see Brazilian Portuguese)
Paraguay (significant minority)
Uruguay (minority; see Portuñol)
Venezuela (significant minority)
Romanian
Bulgaria (minority)
Italy (minority)
Moldova (official)
Romania (official)
Spain (minority)
Serbia (co-official in province of Vojvodina with 5 other languages)
Romansh
Switzerland (co-official with French, Italian, and German)
Spanish
![](../I/m/Countries_with_Spanish_as_an_official_language.svg.png)
Map of the Hispanophone world
The following is a list of the 22 countries where Spanish is an official language:
Europe
Spain (official)
Andorra (majority)
France (minority)
Germany (minority)
Gibraltar (not official – majority)
Italy (minority)
United Kingdom (minority)
Africa
Equatorial Guinea (co-official with Portuguese and French)
Morocco (not official – minority)
Western Sahara (co-official with Arabic)
Ceuta (official)
Melilla (official)
Canary Islands (official)
Gabon, Cocobeach (official)
Asia
Japan (minority)
Philippines (former official language, spoken by a minority)
North America
Belize (plurality, but unofficial)
Costa Rica (official)
Cuba (official)
Dominican Republic (official)
El Salvador (official)
Guatemala (official)
Honduras (official)
Mexico (de facto)
Nicaragua (official)
Panama (official)
Puerto Rico (official)
United States (not official – significant minority)[3]
South America
Argentina (official)
Bolivia (co-official with Quechua and Aymara)
Brazil (not official – minority)
Chile (official)
Colombia (official)
Ecuador (official)
Paraguay (co-official with Guaraní)
Peru (official)
Uruguay (official)
Venezuela (official)
Belarusian
Bosnian
Bosnia and Herzegovina (co-official with Croatian and Serbian)
Croatia (significant minority)
Macedonia (minority)
Montenegro (minority) (minority, official in Sandžak)
Serbia (significant minority, official in Sandžak)
Turkey (significant minority)
Bulgarian
Bulgaria (official)
Greece (minority)
Macedonia (minority)
Moldova (minority)
Romania (minority)
Serbia (minority)
Turkey (minority)
Ukraine (minority)
Croatian
Austria (co-official with German and Hungarian in Burgenland)
Bosnia and Herzegovina (co-official with Bosnian and Serbian)
Croatia (official)
Italy (co-official in Molise)
Montenegro (official)
Romania (official in the municipalities of Carașova and Lupac[8])
Serbia (co-official in province of Vojvodina with 5 other languages)
Czech
Austria (minority)
Croatia (minority)
Czech Republic (official)
Germany (minority)
Slovakia (minority)
Kashubian
Macedonian
Albania (minority, official in Pustec Municipality)
Macedonia (official)
Greece (minority)
Bulgaria (minority)
-
Serbia (minority, official in two municipalities)
Kosovo (minority)
Romania (minority)
Polish
Europe
Belarus (significant minority)
Lithuania (significant minority)
Poland (official)
Ukraine (significant minority)
Other countries
Brazil (minority; see Polish Brazilian)
United States (not official – minority)[3]
Russian
![](../I/m/RussianLanguageMap.svg.png)
Map of the Russian-speaking world
Armenia (significant minority)
Azerbaijan (significant minority)
Belarus (co-official with Belarusian)
Bulgaria (minority)
Estonia (significant minority)
Finland (minority)
Georgia (significant minority)
Germany (minority)
Greece (minority)
Israel (significant minority)
Jordan (significant minority)
Kazakhstan (co-official with Kazakh)
Kyrgyzstan (co-official with Kyrgyz)
Latvia (significant minority)
Lithuania (minority)
Moldova (co-official with Ukrainian and Romanian in
Transnistria)
Mongolia (significant minority)
Poland (minority)
Russia (official)
Serbia (minority)
Turkey (significant minority)
Tajikistan (significant minority)
Turkmenistan (significant minority)
Ukraine (significant minority, regional in some regions)
Uzbekistan (significant minority)
Rusyn
Hungary (minority)
Poland (minority)
Romania (minority)
Slovakia (minority)
Ukraine (official in Zakarpattia)
Serbia (co-official in The Autonomous Province of Vojvodina with Serbian Hungarian, Slovak, Romanian, and Croatian.
Serbian
Bosnia and Herzegovina (official with Croatian and Bosnian)
Croatia (significant minority)
Kosovo (co-official with Albanian)
Macedonia (minority)
Montenegro (minority)
Romania (co-official in Caraşova)
Serbia (official)
Slovak
Czech Republic (minority)
Slovakia (official)
Slovene
Austria (minority)
Croatia (minority)
Hungary (minority)
Italy (co-official in Friuli-Venezia Giulia with Friulian, Italian and German)
Slovenia (official)
United States (minority in Ohio)[9]
Sorbian, Lower
Germany (regional language in Brandenburg)
Sorbian, Upper
Germany (regional language in Brandenburg and Saxony)
Ukrainian
Argentina (minority)
Belarus (significant minority)
Brazil (minority)
Canada (minority)
Kazakhstan (significant minority)
Kyrgyzstan (minority)
Moldova (significant minority)
Poland (minority)
Romania (significant minority)
Russia (significant minority)
Transnistria (co-official with Romanian and Russian)
Ukraine (official)
United Kingdom (minority)
United States (minority)
Uzbekistan (minority)
Mongolic languages
Mongolian
-
China (regional, co-official with Chinese in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region)
-
Mongolia (official)
Turkic languages
Azerbaijani
Azerbaijan (official)
Iran (regional)
-
Iraq (minority)
-
Georgia (minority)
-
Russia (minority)
-
Syria (minority)
-
Turkey (significant minority)
Uyghur
-
China (regional, co-official with Chinese in Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region)
-
Kazakhstan (minority)
Uzbek
-
Afghanistan (minority)
-
China (minority)
-
Kyrgyzstan (minority)
-
Russia (minority)
-
Tajikistan (minority)
-
Turkmenistan (minority)
-
Uzbekistan (official)
Kazakh
-
Afghanistan (minority)
-
China (regional, co-official with Chinese in Ili Kazakh Autonomous Prefecture in Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region)
-
Iran (minority)
-
Kazakhstan (official)
-
Mongolia (minority)
-
Russia (minority)
-
Tajikistan (minority)
-
Turkey (minority)
-
Turkmenistan (minority)
-
Ukraine (minority)
-
Uzbekistan (minority)
Kyrgyz
-
Afghanistan (minority)
-
China (minority)
-
Kyrgyzstan (official)
-
Pakistan (minority)
-
Tajikistan (minority)
Turkish
Turkey (official)
Cyprus (co-official with Greek)
Iraq (recognized regional lang.)
Afghanistan (recognized regional lang.)
Kosovo (recognized regional lang.)
Macedonia (recognized regional lang.)
Romania (recognized minority lang.)
Bulgaria (minority)
Greece (minority)
Germany (significant minority)
Turkmen
Turkmenistan (official)
Iran (minority)
Afghanistan (minority)
Russia (spoken in Stavropol Krai)
Turkey (minority)
Gagauz
Gagauzia (official language of the autonomous region of Gagauzia, Moldova)
Moldova (recognized minority language)
Ukraine (recognized minority language)
Tatar
Tatarstan (official language of the Republic of Tatarstan)
Russia (spoken in Russia and in former Soviet Union)
Turkey (minority)
Crimean Tatar
Crimea
Ukraine (spoken and protected but not officially recognized language of Ukraine)
Romania (minority language in Dobroudja)
Turkey (minority)
Afro-Asiatic languages
Arabic
![](../I/m/Arabic_speaking_world.svg.png)
Distribution of Arabic as sole official language (green) and one of several official languages (blue)
Africa
Algeria (official)
Comoros (co-official with French)
Chad (co-official with French)
Djibouti (co-official with French)
Egypt (official)
Eritrea (co-official with Tigrinya)
Libya (official)
Mauritania (official)
Morocco (co-official with Berber)
Somalia (co-official with Somali)
Sudan (official)
Tunisia (official)
Western Sahara (co-official with Spanish)
Asia
Bahrain (official)
Iraq (co-official with Kurdish)
Israel (co-official with Hebrew)
Jordan (official)
Kuwait (official)
Lebanon (official)
Oman (official)
Palestine (official)
Qatar (official)
Saudi Arabia (official)
Syria (official)
United Arab Emirates (official)
Yemen (official)
Iran (regional)
Afghanistan (regional/religious)
Philippines (optional language along with Spanish)
Europe
France (minority)
Germany (minority)
Italy (minority)
Netherlands (minority)
Spain (minority)
Sweden (minority)
Turkey (significant minority)
UK (minority)
Oceania
Australia (minority)
North America
United States (significant minority)[3]
Canada (minority)
South America
Argentina (minority, immigrants from Lebanon)
Brazil (minority, see Arab Brazilian)
- Liturgical language of Islam
Hebrew
Maltese
Malta (official language)
Dravidian languages
Badaga
India (minority)
Brahui
Pakistan (minority, spoken in Balochistan)
Iran (minority)
Afghanistan (minority)
Turkmenistan (minority)
Chenchu
India (minority)
Duruwa
India (minority)
Gondi
India (minority)
Kolami
India (minority)
Koraga
India (minority)
Kota
India (minority, endangered Dravidian language)
Koya
India (minority)
Kui
India (minority)
Kumarbhag Paharia
India (minority)
Kurukh
Bangladesh (minority)
India (minority)
Maria
India (minority)
Nagarchal
India (minority, endangered Dravidian language)
Pardhan
India (minority)
Sauria Paharia
India (minority)
Bangladesh (minority)
Toda
India (minority, endangered Dravidian language)
Telugu
India (official)Andhra Pradesh
United States (minority)
Canada (minority)
Australia (minority)
Germany (minority)
Denmark (minority)
Sweden (minority)
New Zealand (minority)
Kannada
India (official in Karnataka state)
United States (minority)
Germany (minority)
Canada (minority)
Australia (minority)
Malaysia (minority)
France (minority)
Singapore (minority)
Tamil
India (official in Tamil Nadu)
Singapore (official)
Sri Lanka (official)
Malaysia (minority)
Canada (minority)
Mauritius (minority)
South Africa (minority)
Malayalam
Tulu
India (minority)
Kodava
India (minority)
Ollari
India (minority)
Japonic languages
Japanese
France (minority)
China (minority)
Japan (official)
Philippines (minority)
Peru (minority)
Taiwan (minority)
United States (minority)
Palau (Official in Angaur)
Brazil (minority)
Ryukyuan
Language isolate
Basque
-
France (majority in Northern Basque Country)
-
Spain (co-official with Spanish in
Basque Country and parts of
Navarre)
Korean
Brazil (minority)
China (minority, co-official with Chinese in Yanbian Korean Autonomous Prefecture in Jilin Province)
Japan (minority)
North Korea (official)
South Korea (official)
United States (not official – minority)[3]
Nihali
India (minority, endangered language)
South Caucasian languages
Georgian
-
Georgia (official)
-
Turkey (minority)
-
Iran
-
Azerbaijan
Mingrelian language
Svan language
Laz language
Sino-Tibetan languages
Chinese or Sinitic languages
Map of the Sinophone world
Information:
Information:
Countries identified Chinese as a primary, administrative, or native language
Countries with more than 5,000,000 Chinese speakers w/ or w/o recognition
Countries with more than 1,000,000 Chinese speakers w/ or w/o recognition
Countries with more than 500,000 Chinese speakers w/ or w/o recognition
Countries with more than 100,000 Chinese speakers w/ or w/o recognition
Major Chinese speaking settlements
![](../I/m/Map_of_sinitic_languages-en.svg.png)
The varieties of spoken Chinese in Eastern China and Taiwan.
Yue Chinese
Africa
-
Angola (minority)
-
Cape Verde (minority)
-
Mauritius (minority)
-
South Africa (minority)
Asia
-
Brunei (minority)
-
Cambodia (minority)
-
China (regional)
-
Hong Kong (co-official with English)
-
Indonesia (minority)
-
Japan (minority)
-
Laos (minority)
-
Macau (co-official with Portuguese)
-
Malaysia (minority)
-
Burma (minority)
-
North Korea (minority)
-
Philippines (minority)
-
Singapore (minority)
-
South Korea (minority)
-
Thailand (minority)
-
Vietnam (minority)
Europe
-
Bulgaria (minority)
-
France (minority)
-
Germany (minority)
-
Ireland (minority)
-
Italy (minority)
-
Netherlands (minority)
-
Romania (minority)
-
Russia (minority)
-
Serbia (minority)
-
Spain (minority)
-
United Kingdom (minority)
North America
-
Canada (minority)
-
Cuba (minority)
-
Dominican Republic (minority)
-
Jamaica (minority)
-
Mexico (minority)
-
Nicaragua (minority)
-
Panama (minority)
-
Trinidad and Tobago (minority)
-
United States (minority)
Oceania
-
Australia (minority)
-
Fiji (minority)
-
New Zealand (minority)
-
Samoa (minority)
-
Tonga (minority)
South America
-
Argentina (minority)
-
Brazil (minority)
-
Chile (regional)
-
Guyana (minority)
-
Peru (minority)
-
Suriname (minority)
Gaoyang
-
China (regional)
Africa
-
South Africa (minority)
Asia
-
China (regional)
-
Indonesia (minority)
-
Malaysia (minority)
-
Philippines (minority)
-
Singapore (minority)
-
Thailand (minority)
-
Vietnam (minority)
Europe
-
United Kingdom (minority)
North America
-
Canada (minority)
-
United States (minority)
Oceania
-
Australia (minority)
-
New Zealand (minority)
South America
Hakka
Africa
-
Angola (minority)
-
Cape Verde (minority)
-
Mauritius (minority)
-
South Africa (minority)
Asia
-
Brunei (minority)
-
Cambodia (minority)
-
China (regional)
-
Hong Kong (minority)
-
Indonesia (minority)
-
Japan (minority)
-
Laos (minority)
-
Macau (minority)
-
Malaysia (minority)
-
Burma (minority)
-
North Korea (minority)
-
Philippines (minority)
-
Singapore (minority)
-
South Korea (minority)
-
Taiwan (minority)
-
Thailand (minority)
-
Vietnam (minority)
Europe
-
Bulgaria (minority)
-
France (minority)
-
Germany (minority)
-
Ireland (minority)
-
Italy (minority)
-
Netherlands (minority)
-
Romania (minority)
-
Russia (minority)
-
Serbia (minority)
-
Spain (minority)
-
United Kingdom (minority)
North America
-
Canada (minority)
-
Cuba (minority)
-
Dominican Republic (minority)
-
Jamaica (minority)
-
Mexico (minority)
-
Nicaragua (minority)
-
Panama (minority)
-
Trinidad and Tobago (minority)
-
United States (minority)
Oceania
-
Australia (minority)
-
Fiji (minority)
-
New Zealand (minority)
-
Samoa (minority)
-
Tonga (minority)
South America
-
Argentina (minority)
-
Brazil (minority)
-
Chile (regional)
-
Guyana (minority)
-
Peru (minority)
-
Suriname (minority)
Hui
-
China (regional)
Jin
-
China (regional)
Mandarin
Jilu Mandarin
-
China (regional)
Jiaoliao Mandarin
-
China (regional)
Northeastern Mandarin
-
China (regional)
Southwestern Mandarin
-
China (regional)
Africa
-
Angola (minority)
-
Cape Verde (minority)
-
Mauritius (minority)
-
South Africa (minority)
Asia
-
Brunei (minority)
-
Cambodia (minority)
-
China (national)
-
Hong Kong (co-official with English and Cantonese)
-
Indonesia (minority)
-
Japan (minority)
-
Laos (minority)
-
Macau (co-official with Portuguese and Cantonese)
-
Malaysia (minority)
-
Burma (minority)
-
North Korea (minority)
-
Philippines (minority)
-
Singapore (co-official with Tamil, English, and Malay)
-
South Korea (minority)
-
Taiwan (official)
-
Thailand (minority)
-
Vietnam (minority)
Europe
-
Bulgaria (minority)
-
France (minority)
-
Germany (minority)
-
Ireland (minority)
-
Italy (minority)
-
Netherlands (minority)
-
Romania (minority)
-
Russia (minority)
-
Serbia (minority)
-
Spain (minority)
-
United Kingdom (minority)
North America
-
Canada (minority)
-
Cuba (minority)
-
Dominican Republic (minority)
-
Jamaica (minority)
-
Mexico (minority)
-
Nicaragua (minority)
-
Panama (minority)
-
Trinidad and Tobago (minority)
-
United States (minority)[3]
Oceania
-
Australia (minority)
-
Fiji (minority)
-
New Zealand (minority)
-
Samoa (minority)
-
Tonga (minority)
South America
-
Argentina (minority)
-
Brazil (minority)
-
Chile (regional)
-
Guyana (minority)
-
Peru (minority)
-
Suriname (minority)
Zhongyuan Mandarin
-
China (regional)
Min
Leizhou Min
-
China (regional)
Min Bei
-
China (regional)
Min Dong
-
China (regional)
Africa
-
Angola (minority)
-
Cape Verde (minority)
-
Mauritius (minority)
-
South Africa (minority)
Asia
-
Brunei (minority)
-
Cambodia (minority)
-
China (regional)
-
Hong Kong (minority)
-
Indonesia (minority)
-
Japan (minority)
-
Laos (minority)
-
Macau (minority)
-
Malaysia (minority, lingua franca in Penang)
-
Burma (minority)
-
North Korea (minority)
-
Philippines (minority)
-
Singapore (minority)
-
South Korea (minority)
-
Taiwan (widely spoken, lingua franca alongside with Mandarin, see Taiwanese Minnan)
-
Thailand (minority)
-
Vietnam (minority)
Europe
-
Bulgaria (minority)
-
France (minority)
-
Germany (minority)
-
Ireland (minority)
-
Italy (minority)
-
Netherlands (minority)
-
Romania (minority)
-
Russia (minority)
-
Serbia (minority)
-
Spain (minority)
-
United Kingdom (minority)
North America
-
Canada (minority)
-
Cuba (minority)
-
Dominican Republic (minority)
-
Jamaica (minority)
-
Mexico (minority)
-
Nicaragua (minority)
-
Panama (minority)
-
Trinidad and Tobago (minority)
-
United States (minority)
Oceania
-
Australia (minority)
-
Fiji (minority)
-
New Zealand (minority)
-
Samoa (minority)
-
Tonga (minority)
South America
-
Argentina (minority)
-
Brazil (minority)
-
Chile (regional)
-
Guyana (minority)
-
Peru (minority)
-
Suriname (minority)
Min Zhong
-
China (regional)
Puxian Min
-
China (regional)
Hainanese
-
China (regional)
Pinghua
-
China (regional)
Wu
-
China (regional)
-
Hong Kong (minority)
-
United States (minority)
Xiang
-
China (regional)
Malayo-Polynesian languages
Brunei Malay
Coastal Kadazan
Malaysia (minority)
Iban
Malagasy
Comoros (minority)
Madagascar (official)
Mayotte (minority)
Aklanon
Philippines (minority)
Bikol
Philippines (regional)
Bolinao
Philippines (regional)
Cebuano
Philippines (regional)
Cuyonon
Philippines (minority)
Filipino
Philippines (official)
Hiligaynon
Philippines (regional)
United States (minority)
Ibanag
Philippines (regional)
Ifugao
Philippines (minority)
Ilokano
Philippines (regional)
Ivatan
Philippines (minority)
Kalinga
Philippines (minority)
Kamayo
Philippines (minority)
Kankana-ey
Philippines (minority)
Kapampangan
Philippines (regional)
Kinaray-a
Philippines (minority)
Maguindanao
Philippines (regional)
Maranao
Philippines (regional)
Masbatenyo
Philippines (minority)
Pangasinan
Philippines (regional)
Romblomanon
Philippines (minority)
Surigaonon
Philippines (minority)
Tagalog
Australia (minority)
Brunei (minority)
Canada (minority)
Hong Kong (minority)
Italy (minority)
Japan (minority)
Kuwait (minority)
Malaysia (minority)
Philippines (regional)
Qatar (minority)
Saudi Arabia (minority)
Singapore (minority)
Spain (minority)
Taiwan (minority)
United Arab Emirates (minority)
United Kingdom (minority)
United States (minority)[3]
Tao
Taiwan (minority)
Tausug
Brunei (minority)
Indonesia (minority)
Malaysia (minority)
Philippines (regional)
Waray-Waray
Philippines (regional)
Zambal
Philippines (regional)
East Fijian
Fijian
Fiji (official)
Micronesian
Carolinian
Northern Mariana Islands (official)
Guam (minority)
Chuukese
Federated States of Micronesia (regional)
Gilbertese
Fiji (minority)
Kiribati (official)
Nauru (minority)
Solomon Islands (minority)
Tuvalu (minority)
Vanuatu (minority)
Kosraean
Federated States of Micronesia (regional)
Marshallese
Marshall Islands (official)
Nauruan
Nauru (official)
Pohnpeian
Federated States of Micronesia (regional)
Sosorolese
Palau (regional)
Tobian
Palau (regional)
Ulithian
Federated States of Micronesia (regional)
Yapese
Federated States of Micronesia (regional)
Polynesian
Cook Islands Māori
Cook Islands (official)
Futunan
Wallis and Futuna (official)
Hawaiian
Hawaii (official)
Māori
New Zealand (co-official with English and New Zealand Sign Language)
Niuean
Cook Islands (minority)
Niue (official)
New Zealand (minority)
Tonga (minority)
Rapa Nui
Easter Island (official)
Samoan
American Samoa (official)
Samoa (official)
Tahitan
French Polynesia (official)
Tokelauan
Tokelau (official)
Tongan
Tonga (official)
American Tongan
Tuvaluan
Tuvalu (official)
Wallisian
Wallis and Futuna (official)
Acehnese
Indonesia (minority)
Balinese
Indonesia (minority)
Banjarese
Indonesia (minority)
Batak Toba
Indonesia (minority)
Buginese
Chamorro
Guam (official)
Northern Mariana Islands (official)
Indonesian
![](../I/m/Indonesian_Language_Map.svg.png)
Map of locations speakers of Indonesian
Indonesia (official)
Timor-Leste (co-official)
Malaysia (minority)
Brunei (minority)
Singapore (minority)
Thailand (minority)
Philippines (minority)
Javanese
Lampung
Indonesia (minority)
Madurese
Indonesia (minority)
Makassarese
Indonesia (minority)
Malay
Malaysia (official)
Brunei (official)
Singapore (co-official)
Indonesia (official)
Thailand (minority)
Minangkabau
Palauan
Palau (official)
Rejang
Indonesia (minority)
Sasak
Indonesia (minority)
Tetum
Timor-Leste (official)
Uralic languages
Estonian
Finnish
Finland (co-official with Swedish except in Åland Islands, where Swedish is the only official language)
Estonia (minority)
Russia (minority)
Sweden (minority)
Hungarian
Hungary (official)
Serbia (minority)
Romania (minority)
Slovakia (minority)
Austria (minority)
Ukraine (minority)
Sami
Na-Dene
Navajo
Apache
Chiricahua
Jicarilla
Lipan Apache
Plains Apache
Mescalero
Western Apache
Iroquoian
Cherokee
Austroasiatic
Khasi
Khmer
Cambodia (official)
Mon
Vietnamese
Vietnam (official)
United States (minority)[3]
Tai–Kadai
Lao
Thai
Thailand (official)
Notes and references
- ↑ "Welsh Government | Census of population". Wales.gov.uk. Retrieved 2013-12-20.
- ↑ "1987 Constitution of the Republic of the Philippines". Official website of the Republic of the Philippines. Retrieved 2008-02-20. (Article XIV, Section 7)
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4 3.5 3.6 3.7 3.8 3.9 Johnson, Fern L. "Speaking culturally: language diversity in the United States," Table 1.5: "Speakers age 5 years and older of top 25 languages other than English." Sage Publications, Inc., 1999. Page 12. ISBN 978-0-8039-5912-5. Retrieved August 5, 2011
- ↑ Syed Yasir Kazmi (October 16, 2009). "Pakistani Bengalis". DEMOTIX. Retrieved April 2, 2013.
- ↑ "کراچی کے 'بنگالی پاکستانی'(Urdu)". محمد عثمان جامعی. 17 November 2003. Retrieved April 2, 2013.
- ↑ "The Language Movement : An Outline". Retrieved April 2, 2013.
- ↑ "Karachi Department of Bengali". Retrieved April 2, 2013.
- ↑ http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Croats_of_Romania
- ↑ http://www.usefoundation.org/view/981
- ↑ census.gov 2007 American Community Survey. Accessed 2010-07-13.
External links
- Interactive world map of 10 widely spoken languages by country
- UNESCO Atlas of the World's Languages in Danger
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