List of countries by foreign-exchange reserves
Foreign-exchange reserves (also called Forex reserves) are, in a strict sense, only the foreign-currency deposits held by national central banks and monetary authorities (See List of countries by foreign-exchange reserves (excluding gold)). However, in popular usage and in the list below, it also includes gold reserves, special drawing rights (SDRs) and International Monetary Fund (IMF) reserve position because this total figure, which is usually more accurately termed as official reserves or international reserves or official international reserves, is more readily available.
These foreign-currency deposits are the financial assets of the central banks and monetary authorities that are held in different reserve currencies (e.g. the U.S. dollar, the Euro, the Japanese yen and the Pound sterling) and which are used to back its liabilities (e.g. the local currency issued and the various bank reserves deposited with the central bank by the government or financial institutions). Before the end of the gold standard, gold was the preferred reserve currency. Some nations are converting foreign-exchange reserves into sovereign wealth funds, which can rival foreign-exchange reserves in size.
The list below is mostly based on the latest available IMF data and includes both sovereign states and non-sovereign territories (such as Hong Kong and Macau, which are under the sovereignty of the People's Republic of China). While most nations report in U.S. dollars, a few nations in Eastern Europe report solely in Euros. And since all the figures below are in U.S. dollar equivalence, exchange rate fluctuations can have a significant impact on these figures.
For consistency, forward currency swap contracts are not included in this list until they mature; figures that include them may be higher or lower than those listed here. IMF or other outstanding loans are also not shown here; if they were accounted for, many nations would list lower.
Rank | Country | Foreign exchange reserves (Millions of US$) |
Figures as of |
---|---|---|---|
1 | China | 3,899,285 | Dec 2014[1] |
2 | Japan | 1,245,316 | Mar 2015[2] |
3 | Saudi Arabia | 697,992 | Mar 2015[3] |
4 | Switzerland | 583,260 | Feb 2015[4] |
5 | Taiwan | 422,722 | Feb 2015[5] |
6 | Brazil | 362,744 | Mar 2015[6] |
7 | South Korea | 362,370 | Feb 2015[7] |
8 | Russia | 353,500 | April 24, 2015[8][9][10] |
9 | India | 344,606 | April 24, 2015[11][12] |
- | Hong Kong | 332,524 | Feb 2015[13] |
10 | Singapore | 250,702 | Feb 2015[14] |
11 | Mexico | 198,222 | Feb 2015[15][16] |
12 | Germany | 193,463 | Feb 2015[17] |
13 | Algeria | 193,600 | Dec 2014[18] |
14 | Thailand | 156,935 | Feb 2015[19] |
15 | United Kingdom | 152,772 | Mar 2015[20] |
16 | France | 146,935 | Feb 2015[21] |
17 | Italy | 142,763 | Feb 2015[22] |
18 | Turkey | 128,354 | Feb 2015[23] |
19 | United States | 123,191 | Mar 2015[24] |
20 | Indonesia | 115,527 | Feb 2015[25] |
21 | Denmark | 113,334 | Feb 2015[26] |
22 | Malaysia | 110,476 | Feb 2015[27] |
23 | Iran | 110,000 | Dec 2014[18] |
24 | Libya | 105,000 | Dec 2014[18] |
25 | Poland | 97,509 | Feb 2015[28] |
26 | Israel | 85,331 | Feb 2015[29] |
27 | Philippines | 80,837 | Feb 2015[30] |
28 | Canada | 77,681 | Mar 2015[31] |
29 | United Arab Emirates | 74,700 | Dec 2014[18] |
30 | Iraq | 74,000 | Dec 2014[18] |
31 | Norway | 66,335 | Feb 2015[32] |
32 | Sweden | 60,794 | Feb 2015[33] |
33 | Peru | 60,810 | Mar 2015[34] |
34 | Spain | 53,252 | Feb 2015[35] |
35 | Czech Republic | 52,357 | Mar 2015[36] |
36 | Australia | 50,119 | Feb 2015[37] |
37 | Lebanon | 49,430 | Dec 2014[18] |
38 | South Africa | 47,190 | Feb 2015[38] |
39 | Colombia | 46,544 | Feb 2015[39] |
40 | Netherlands | 41,847 | Feb 2015[40] |
41 | Qatar | 41,063 | Jan 2015[41] |
42 | Hungary | 40,921 | Feb 2015[42] |
43 | Kuwait | 38,500 | Dec 2014[18] |
44 | Romania | 38,286 | Feb 2015[43] |
45 | Chile | 38,032 | Feb 2015[44] |
46 | Vietnam | 35,700 | Dec 2014[18] |
47 | Angola | 33,590 | Dec 2014[18] |
48 | Nigeria | 32,386 | Jan 2015[45] |
49 | Argentina | 31,470 | Feb 2015[46] |
50 | Kazakhstan | 29,125 | Feb 2015[47] |
51 | Turkmenistan | 27,040 | Dec 2014[18] |
52 | Austria | 25,295 | Feb 2015[48] |
53 | Belgium | 24,877 | Feb 2015[49] |
54 | Bangladesh | 23,032 | Feb 2015[50] |
55 | Portugal | 21,319 | Jan 2015[51] |
56 | Bulgaria | 19,311 | Feb 2015[52] |
57 | Morocco | 20,970 | Dec 2014[18] |
58 | Venezuela | 20,200 | Dec 2014[18] |
59 | New Zealand | 18,479 | Feb 2015[53] |
60 | Uruguay | 18,306 | Feb 2015[54] |
61 | Uzbekistan | 18,000 | Dec 2014[18] |
62 | Oman | 17,850 | Dec 2014[18] |
63 | Azerbaijan | 17,710 | Dec 2014[18] |
- | Macau | 16,443 | Dec 2014[55] |
64 | Jordan | 15,833 | Jan 2015[56] |
65 | Pakistan | 15,384 | Mar 2015[57] |
66 | Bolivia | 15,380 | Dec 2014[18] |
67 | Egypt | 15,130 | Dec 2014[18] |
68 | Croatia | 14,456 | Feb 2015[58] |
69 | Serbia | 13,700 | Dec 2014[18] |
70 | Trinidad and Tobago | 11,317 | Dec 2014[59] |
71 | Finland | 10,638 | Feb 2015[60] |
72 | Cuba | 10,400 | Dec 2014[18] |
73 | Kenya | 9,259 | Dec 2014[18] |
74 | Botswana | 8,885 | Dec 2014[18] |
75 | Burma | 8,727 | Dec 2014[18] |
76 | Sri Lanka | 8,314 | Dec 2014[18] |
77 | Guatemala | 7,621 | Feb 2015[61] |
78 | Costa Rica | 7,255 | Feb 2015[62] |
79 | Paraguay | 7,241 | Dec 2014[18] |
80 | Tunisia | 7,198 | Dec 2014[18] |
81 | Afghanistan | 6,442 | Dec 2013[18] |
82 | Greece | 6,433 | Feb 2015[63] |
83 | Bahrain | 6,011 | Dec 2014[18] |
84 | Cambodia | 5,801 | Dec 2014[18] |
85 | Ukraine | 5,626 | Feb 2015[64] |
86 | Ghana | 5,482 | Dec 2014[18] |
87 | Nepal | 5,439 | Dec 2013[18] |
88 | Republic of the Congo | 5,200 | Dec 2014[18] |
89 | Belarus | 5,059 | Dec 2014[65] |
90 | Tanzania | 4,758 | Dec 2014[18] |
91 | Ivory Coast | 4,752 | Dec 2014[18] |
92 | Bosnia and Herzegovina | 4,750 | Dec 2014[18] |
93 | Yemen | 4,688 | Dec 2014[18] |
94 | Dominican Republic | 4,503 | Dec 2014[18] |
95 | Iceland | 4,319 | Mar 2015[66] |
96 | Mauritius | 3,919 | Dec 2014[67] |
97 | Uganda | 3,579 | Dec 2013[18] |
98 | Honduras | 3,458 | Dec 2014[68] |
99 | Ethiopia | 3,382 | Dec 2013[18] |
100 | Cameroon | 3,353 | Dec 2013[18] |
101 | Latvia | 3,346 | Feb 2015[69] |
102 | Mozambique | 2,990 | Dec 2013[18] |
103 | Papua New Guinea | 2,926 | Dec 2013[18] |
104 | Macedonia | 2,869 | Dec 2014[18] |
105 | Zambia | 2,833 | Dec 2013[18] |
106 | Albania | 2,825 | Dec 2014[18] |
107 | Equatorial Guinea | 2,763 | Dec 2014[18] |
108 | Georgia | 2,699 | Dec 2014[70] |
109 | El Salvador | 2,693 | Dec 2014[71] |
110 | Panama | 2,666 | Dec 2013[18] |
111 | Slovakia | 2,634 | Dec 2014[72] |
112 | Ecuador | 2,625 | Dec 2013[18] |
113 | Gabon | 2,397 | Dec 2014[18] |
114 | Nicaragua | 2,333 | Mar 2015[73] |
115 | Namibia | 2,267 | Dec 2013[18] |
116 | Moldova | 2,157 | Dec 2014[74] |
117 | Senegal | 2,150 | Dec 2013[18] |
118 | Jamaica | 1,900 | Dec 2013[18] |
119 | Syria | 1,895 | Dec 2013[18] |
120 | Kyrgyzstan | 1,855 | Dec 2014[75] |
121 | Ireland | 1,792 | Dec 2014[76] |
122 | Mongolia | 1,650 | Dec 2014[77] |
123 | Democratic Republic of the Congo | 1,582 | Dec 2013[18] |
124 | Armenia | 1,489 | Dec 2014[78] |
125 | Rwanda | 1,354 | Dec 2013[18] |
126 | Haiti | 1,335 | Dec 2013[18] |
127 | Chad | 1,304 | Dec 2013[18] |
128 | Madagascar | 1,249 | Dec 2013[18] |
129 | Lithuania | 1,123 | Mar 2015[79] |
130 | Burkina Faso | 1,115 | Dec 2013[18] |
131 | Tajikistan | 1,072 | Dec 2013[18] |
132 | Slovenia | 1,017 | Dec 2014[80] |
133 | Suriname | 1,008 | Dec 2013[18] |
134 | Fiji | 981 | Dec 2014[18] |
135 | Cyprus | 866 | Feb 2015[81] |
136 | Lesotho | 858 | Dec 2013[18] |
137 | Guyana | 855 | Dec 2013[18] |
138 | Luxembourg | 846 | Feb 2015[82] |
139 | Laos | 846 | Dec 2013[18] |
140 | Bahamas | 830 | Dec 2013[18] |
141 | Swaziland | 801 | Dec 2013[18] |
142 | Benin | 801 | Dec 2013[18] |
143 | Barbados | 713 | Dec 2013[18] |
144 | Malta | 619 | Dec 2014[83] |
145 | Togo | 531 | Dec 2013[18] |
146 | Estonia | 437 | Dec 2014[84] |
147 | Zimbabwe | 437 | Dec 2013[18] |
148 | Cape Verde | 426 | Dec 2013[18] |
149 | Montenegro | 400 | Dec 2013[18] |
150 | Malawi | 364 | Dec 2013[18] |
151 | Seychelles | 362 | Dec 2013[18] |
152 | Maldives | 356 | Dec 2013[18] |
153 | Burundi | 314 | Dec 2013[18] |
154 | San Marino | 309 | Dec 2013[18] |
155 | Belize | 273 | Dec 2013[18] |
156 | Gambia | 251 | Dec 2013[18] |
157 | Sudan | 202 | Dec 2013[18] |
158 | Eritrea | 193 | Dec 2013[18] |
159 | Guinea | 183 | Dec 2013[18] |
160 | Vanuatu | 174 | Dec 2013[18] |
161 | Samoa | 169 | Dec 2013[18] |
162 | Tonga | 147 | Dec 2013[18] |
163 | Saint Vincent and the Grenadines | 115 | Dec 2013[18] |
164 | Dominica | 90 | Dec 2013[18] |
165 | Federated States of Micronesia | 75 | Dec 2013[18] |
166 | São Tomé and Príncipe | 47 | Dec 2013[18] |
167 | Montserrat | 32 | Dec 2013[18] |
Notes
- ^ Hong Kong and Macau report separate figures.
- ^ The Iranian government does not report the foreign exchange reserves as a matter of policy and all figures are estimates calculated by international or foreign institutes, which are occasionally endorsed by Iranian officials without disclosing the exact numbers.
References
- ↑ "The time-series data of International Investment Position of China, Quarterly". State Administration of Foreign Exchange.
- ↑ IMF - Japan
- ↑ "Table(9): RESERVE ASSETS (on page 18 of the pdf file; US$1 = 3.75 Saudi riyal)" (PDF). Saudi Arabian Monetary Agency.
- ↑ IMF - Switzerland
- ↑ "Central Bank of the Republic of China (Taiwan) — Foreign Exchange Reserves (including gold)" (PDF).
- ↑ IMF - Brazil
- ↑ IMF - Korea, Republic of
- ↑ IMF - Russia
- ↑ International Reserves of the Russian Federation, Monthly values | Bank of Russia
- ↑ International Reserves of the Russian Federation, Weekly values | Bank of Russia
- ↑ IMF - India
- ↑ Reserve Bank of India
- ↑ Hong Kong Monetary Authority - Press Release
- ↑ Monetary Authority of Singapore ─ International Reserves and Foreign Currency Liquidity
- ↑ IMF - Mexico
- ↑ Banco de Mexico - Information structure details
- ↑ IMF - Germany
- ↑ 18.0 18.1 18.2 18.3 18.4 18.5 18.6 18.7 18.8 18.9 18.10 18.11 18.12 18.13 18.14 18.15 18.16 18.17 18.18 18.19 18.20 18.21 18.22 18.23 18.24 18.25 18.26 18.27 18.28 18.29 18.30 18.31 18.32 18.33 18.34 18.35 18.36 18.37 18.38 18.39 18.40 18.41 18.42 18.43 18.44 18.45 18.46 18.47 18.48 18.49 18.50 18.51 18.52 18.53 18.54 18.55 18.56 18.57 18.58 18.59 18.60 18.61 18.62 18.63 18.64 18.65 18.66 18.67 18.68 18.69 18.70 18.71 18.72 18.73 18.74 18.75 18.76 18.77 18.78 18.79 18.80 18.81 18.82 18.83 18.84 18.85 18.86 18.87 18.88 18.89 "The World Factbook: Reserves of foreign exchange and gold". Central Intelligence Agency.
- ↑ Bank of Thailand - International Reserves and Foreign Currency Liquidity
- ↑ IMF - United Kingdom
- ↑ IMF - France
- ↑ IMF - Italy
- ↑ IMF - Turkey
- ↑ IMF - United States
- ↑ IMF - Indonesia
- ↑ IMF - Denmark
- ↑ IMF - Malaysia
- ↑ IMF - Poland
- ↑ IMF - Israel
- ↑ IMF - Philippines
- ↑ IMF - Canada
- ↑ IMF - Norway
- ↑ IMF - Sweden
- ↑ IMF- Peru
- ↑ IMF - Spain
- ↑ IMF - Czech Republic
- ↑ IMF - Australia
- ↑ IMF - South Africa
- ↑ IMF - Colombia
- ↑ IMF - Netherlands
- ↑ "Qatar Central Bank - Monthly Monetary Bulletin (in Table 11, "QCB's International Reserves", of the Excel file; US$1 = 3.64 Qatari riyal)". Qatar Central Bank.
- ↑ IMF - Hungary
- ↑ IMF - Romania
- ↑ IMF - Chile
- ↑ Central Bank of Nigeria - Statistics Database
- ↑ IMF - Argentina
- ↑ IMF - Kazakhstan
- ↑ IMF - Austria
- ↑ IMF - Belgium
- ↑ Bangladesh Bank - Central Bank of Bangladesh
- ↑ IMF - Portugal
- ↑ IMF - Bulgaria
- ↑ IMF - New Zealand
- ↑ IMF - Uruguay
- ↑ MONETARY AUTHORITY OF MACAO
- ↑ IMF - Jordan
- ↑ State Bank of Pakistan - The Central Bank: New template for the reserve assets
- ↑ IMF - Croatia
- ↑ Foreign Reserves Monthly | Central Bank of Trinidad and Tobago
- ↑ IMF - Finland
- ↑ IMF - Guatemala
- ↑ IMF - Costa Rica
- ↑ IMF - Greece
- ↑ IMF - Ukraine
- ↑ IMF - Belarus
- ↑ IMF - Iceland
- ↑ IMF - Mauritius
- ↑ IMF - Honduras
- ↑ IMF - Latvia
- ↑ IMF - Georgia
- ↑ IMF - El Salvador
- ↑ IMF - Slovak Republic
- ↑ IMF - Nicaragua
- ↑ IMF - Moldova
- ↑ IMF - Kyrgyz Republic
- ↑ IMF - Ireland
- ↑ "Bank of Mongolia statistics"
- ↑ IMF - Armenia, Republic of
- ↑ IMF - Lithuania
- ↑ IMF - Slovenia
- ↑ IMF - Cyprus
- ↑ IMF - Luxembourg
- ↑ IMF - Malta
- ↑ IMF - Estonia
External links
- IMF's Data Template on International Reserves and Foreign Currency Liquidity -- Reporting Countries
- IMF's SDDS subscribers with links to their websites containing data on international reserves
- Central bank and monetary authority websites at the Bank for International Settlements website
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