List of countries by firearm-related death rate

This is a historical list of countries by firearm-related death rate per 100,000 population in one year.

List

This is an incomplete list of 75 Countries and Dependencies, which may never be able to satisfy particular standards for completeness. You can help by expanding it with reliably sourced entries.

Firearm-related death rate per 100,000 population per year
Country Total (calculated) Homicides Suicides Unintentional Undetermined Sources and notes
 Argentina 10.05 (mixed years)3.0 (2008)2.79 (2001)0.64 (2001) 3.62 (2001) Guns in Argentina[1]
 Australia 0.86 (2011) 0.11 (2011)0.62 (2011)0.05 (2011) 0.08 (2011) Guns in Australia[2]
 Austria 2.95 (mixed years)0.18 (2010)2.68 (2010) 0.01 (2009) 0.08 (2010) Guns in Austria[3]
 Azerbaijan 0.04 (incomplete) 0.01 (2008)0.01 (2007)0.02 (2007) unavailable Guns in Azerbaijan[4]
 Barbados 3.0 (incomplete) 3.0 (2000) unavailable unavailable unavailable Guns in Barbados[5]
 Belarus 0.1 (incomplete) 0.1 (2009) unavailable unavailable unavailable Guns in Belarus[6]
 Belgium 2.42 (2006) 0.29 (2006) 1.96 (2006) 0.01 (2006) 0.16 (2006) Guns in Belgium[7]
 Brazil 19.03 (mixed years) 18.1 (2008) 0.74 (2000) 0.18 (2000) 0.01 (2000) Guns in Brazil[8]
 Bulgaria 2.35 (2011) 0.23 (2011) 0.87 (2011) 1.14 (2011) 0.11 (2011) Guns in Bulgaria[9]
 Canada 2.22 (2007-2011) 0.51 (2007-2011) 1.60 (2007-2011 avg) 0.04 (2007-2011) 0.02 (2007-2011) Statistics Canada [10]
 Chile 3.73 (mixed years) 2.2 (2005) 1.09 (2002) 0.4 (2002) 0.04 (2001) Guns in Chile[11]
 Colombia 28.14 (mixed years) 27.1 (2010) 0.87 (2009) 0.14 (1999) 0.03 (1999) Guns in Colombia[12]
 Costa Rica 6.28 (mixed years) 4.6 (2006) 1.27 (2002) 0.07 (2002) 0.24 (2000) Guns in Costa Rica[13]
 Croatia 3.54 (mixed years) 1.1 (2009) 2.35 (2010) 0.07 (2010) 0.02 (2010) Guns in Croatia[14]
 Cyprus 0.96 (mixed years) 0.24 (2010) 0.48 (2010) 0.12 (2009) 0.12 (2010) Guns in Cyprus[15]
 Czech Republic 1.76 (2010) 0.12 (2010) 1.39 (2010) 0.10 (2010) 0.15 (2010) Guns in Czech Republic[16]
 Denmark 1.28 (2011) 0.22 (2011) 1.09 (2011) 0.04 (2008) 0.04 (2004) Guns in Denmark[17]
 El Salvador 46.85 (incomplete) 39.90 (2008) 6.80 (2006) 0.15 (1999) unavailable Guns in El Salvador[18]
 Estonia 2.54 (2010) 0.30 (2010) 1.57 (2010) 0.07 (2010) 0.60 (2010) Guns in Estonia[19]
 Finland 3.64 (2010) 0.26 (2010) 3.34 (2010) 0.02 (2010) 0.02 (2010) Guns in Finland[20]
 France 3.01 (2009) 0.22 (2009) 2.33 (2009) 0.05 (2009) 0.41 (2009) Guns in France[21]
 Georgia 1.92 (mixed years) 0.60 (2010) 0.09 (2009) 1.00 (2009) 0.23 (2009) Guns in Georgia[22]
 Germany 1.24 (2010) 0.20 (2010) 0.94 (2010) 0.02 (2010) 0.08 (2010) Guns in Germany[23]
 Greece 1.64 (mixed years) 0.59 (2009) 0.97 (2009) 0.08 (2009) 0.00 (1998) Guns in Greece[24]
 Guatemala 36.38 (incomplete) 34.8 (2010) 2.30 (2006) unavailable unavailable Guns in Guatemala[25]
 Honduras 64.8 (incomplete) 64.8 (2010) unavailable unavailable unavailable Guns in Honduras[26]
 Hong Kong 0.03 (mixed years) 0.00 (2004) 0.03 (1999) 0.00 (1996) 0.00 (1996) Guns in Hong Kong[27]
 Hungary 0.87 (mixed years) 0.13 (2009) 0.72 (2009) 0.01 (2008) 0.01 (2002) Guns in Hungary[28]
 Iceland 1.57 (mixed years, incomplete) 0.32 (2007) 1.25 (2009) unavailable unavailable Guns in Iceland[29]
 India 0.48 (incomplete) 0.30 (2009) 0.14 (2008) 0.04 (2008) unavailable Guns in India[30]
 Israel 1.87 (2009) 0.94 (2009) 0.71 (2009) 0.03 (2009) 0.19 (2009) Guns in Israel[31]
 Italy 1.28 (2009) 0.36 (2009) 0.81 (2009) 0.08 (2009) 0.03 (2009) Guns in Italy[32]
 Jamaica 39.74 (mixed years,incomplete) 39.40 (2009) 0.34 (1995) unavailable unavailable Guns in Jamaica[33]
 Japan 0.06 (mixed years) 0.00 (2008) 0.04 (1999) 0.01 (1999) 0.01 (1999) Guns in Japan[34]
 Kuwait 0.36 (mixed years) 0.36 (1995) 0.00 (1999) 0.00 (2000) 0.00 (2000) Guns in Kuwait[35]
 Kyrgyzstan 1.01 (2010) 0.53 (2010) 0.07 (2010) 0.28 (2010) 0.13 (2010) Guns in Kyrgyzstan[36]
 Latvia 1.43 (2010) 0.18 (2010) 0.94 (2010) 0.04 (2010) 0.27 (2010) Guns in Latvia[37]
 Luxembourg 2.02 (mixed years) 0.60 (2009) 1.00 (2009) 0.22 (2004)) 0.20 (2009) Guns in Luxembourg[38]
 Macedonia 1.85 (mixed years) 1.07 (2010) 0.63 (2010) 0.15 (2010)) 0.00 (1997) Guns in Macedonia[39]
 Mexico 11.17 (mixed years) 10.00 (2010) 0.69 (2001) 0.47 (2001)) 0.01 (2001) Guns in Mexico[40]
 Moldova 1.03 (2011) 0.45 (2011) 0.42 (2011) 0.08 (2011)) 0.08 (2011) Guns in Moldova[41]
 Montenegro 8.55 (2009, incomplete) 2.06 (2009) 6.49 (2009) unavailable unavailable Guns in Montenegro[42]
 Netherlands 0.46 (2010) 0.20 (2010) 0.24 (2010) 0.01 (2010) 0.01 (2010) Guns in Netherlands[43]
 New Zealand 1.45 (mixed years) 0.26 (2009) 1.14 (2007) 0.05 (2006) 0.00 (2006) Guns in New Zealand[44]
 Nicaragua 7.29 (mixed years) 5.90 (2008) 0.46 (2002) 0.91 (2002) 0.02 (2001) Guns in Nicaragua[45]
 Norway 1.78 (mixed years) 0.04 (2010) 1.72 (2010) 0.02 (2010) 0.00 (2008) Guns in Norway[46]
 Panama 17.60 (mixed years) 16.10 (2010) 0.99 (2002) 0.06 (2002) 0.45 (2002) Guns in Panama[47]
 Paraguay 8.16 (mixed years) 7.30 (2009) 0.58 (2000) 0.26 (2000) 0.02 (2000) Guns in Paraguay[48]
 Peru 3.73 (mixed years) 2.60 (2009) 0.11 (2000) 0.90 (2000) 0.12 (2000) Guns in Peru[49]
 Philippines 3.24 (incomplete) 3.24 (2002) unavailable unavailable unavailable Guns in Philippines[50]
 Poland 0.25 (2010) 0.02 (2010) 0.12 (2010) 0.02 (2010) 0.09 (2010) Guns in Poland[51]
 Portugal 1.77 (2010) 0.48 (2010) 1.09 (2010) 0.02 (2010) 0.18 (2010) Guns in Portugal[52]
 Qatar 0.15 (incomplete) 0.15 (2004) unavailable unavailable unavailable Guns in Qatar[53]
 Romania 0.19 (2010) 0.04 (2010) 0.06 (2010) 0.09 (2010) 0.00 (2010) Guns in Romania[54]
 Serbia 3.90 (2010) 0.62 (2010) 2.81 (2010) 0.18 (2010) 0.29 (2010) Guns in Serbia[55]
 Singapore 0.16 (mixed years) 0.02 (2006) 0.12 (1998) 0.02 (1998) 0.00 (1998) Guns in Singapore[56]
 Slovakia 1.75 (2010) 0.18 (2010) 0.94 (2010) 0.39 (2010) 0.24 (2010) Guns in Slovakia[57]
 Slovenia 2.49 (mixed years) 0.05 (2010) 2.34 (2010) 0.05 (2009) 0.05 (2010) Guns in Slovenia[58]
 South Africa 21.51 (mixed years) 17.00 (2007) 3.81 (1999) 0.35 (1999) 0.35 (1999) Guns in South Africa[59]
 South Korea 0.06 (mixed years) 0.00 (2006) 0.04 (2002) 0.01 (2002) 0.01 (2002) Guns in South Korea[60]
 Spain 0.62 (mixed years) 0.15 (2010) 0.42 (2010) 0.05 (2010) 0.00 (2007) Guns in Spain[61]
 Swaziland 37.16 (incomplete) 37.16 (2004) unavailable unavailable unavailable Guns in Swaziland[62]
 Sweden 1.47 (2010) 0.19 (2010) 1.20 (2010) 0.06 (2010) 0.01 (2010) Guns in Sweden[63]
  Switzerland 3.84 (mixed years) 0.52 (2010) 3.15 (2008) 0.10 (1998) 0.07 (1994) Guns in Switzerland[64]
 Taiwan 0.87 (mixed years) 0.60 (2008) 0.12 (1994) 0.11 (1994) 0.04 (1994) Guns in Taiwan[65]
 Ukraine 0.20 (incomplete) 0.20 (2009) unavailable unavailable unavailable Guns in Ukraine[66]
 United Kingdom 0.25 (2010) 0.04 (2010) 0.18 (2010) 0.01 (2010) 0.02 (2010) Guns in the United Kingdom[67]
 United States 10.30 (2011) 2.83 (2012) 6.30 (2011) 0.30 (2011) 0.10 (2011) Guns in United States[68]
 Uruguay 14.01 (mixed years) 3.43 (2009) 7.03 (2000) 3.46(2000) 0.09 (2000) Guns in Uruguay[69]
 Venezuela 50.90 (mixed years) 39.00 (2000) 1.10 (2000) 0.40 (2000) 10.40 (2000) Guns in Venezuela[70]
 Zimbabwe 0.12 (mixed years) 0.03 (2007) 0.09 (1995) unavailable unavailable Guns in Zimbabwe[71]
Country Total (calculated) Homicides Suicides Unintentional Undetermined Sources and notes

See also

Sources

The figures are based mainly on surveys and reports by government agencies and subject to their reliability. In addition, the figures may vary significantly over the years due to changes in crime rate trend. The death rate is also sensitive to fluctuation if the absolute number of incidents is small and for countries with relatively small population such as Mauritius and Singapore

References

  1. ↑ "Guns in Argentina: Facts, Figures and Firearm Law". Gunpolicy.org. University of Sydney School of Public Health. Retrieved 2013-05-16.
  2. ↑ "Guns in Australia: Facts, Figures and Firearm Law". Gunpolicy.org. University of Sydney School of Public Health. Retrieved 2014-10-15.
  3. ↑ "Guns in Austria: Facts, Figures and Firearm Law". Gunpolicy.org. University of Sydney School of Public Health. Retrieved 2013-05-16.
  4. ↑ "Guns in Azerbaijan: Facts, Figures and Firearm Law". Gunpolicy.org. University of Sydney School of Public Health. Retrieved 2013-05-16.
  5. ↑ "Guns in Barbados: Facts, Figures and Firearm Law". Gunpolicy.org. University of Sydney School of Public Health. Retrieved 2013-05-19.
  6. ↑ "Guns in Belarus: Facts, Figures and Firearm Law". Gunpolicy.org. University of Sydney School of Public Health. Retrieved 2013-05-19.
  7. ↑ "Guns in Belgium: Facts, Figures and Firearm Law". Gunpolicy.org. University of Sydney School of Public Health. Retrieved 2013-05-19.
  8. ↑ "Guns in Brazil: Facts, Figures and Firearm Law". Gunpolicy.org. University of Sydney School of Public Health. Retrieved 2013-05-19.
  9. ↑ "Guns in Bulgaria: Facts, Figures and Firearm Law". Gunpolicy.org. University of Sydney School of Public Health. Retrieved 2013-05-19.
  10. ↑ "Statistics Canada 2012, Table 102-0540 Deaths, by cause, Chapter XX: External causes of morbidity and mortality (V01 to Y89), age group and sex, Canada, annual". . [Statistics Canada]. Retrieved 2014-10-17.
  11. ↑ "Guns in Chile: Facts, Figures and Firearm Law". Gunpolicy.org. University of Sydney School of Public Health. Retrieved 2013-05-19.
  12. ↑ "Guns in Colombia: Facts, Figures and Firearm Law". Gunpolicy.org. University of Sydney School of Public Health. Retrieved 2013-05-19.
  13. ↑ "Guns in Costa Rica: Facts, Figures and Firearm Law". Gunpolicy.org. University of Sydney School of Public Health. Retrieved 2013-05-19.
  14. ↑ "Guns in Croatia: Facts, Figures and Firearm Law". Gunpolicy.org. University of Sydney School of Public Health. Retrieved 2013-05-19.
  15. ↑ "Guns in Cyprus: Facts, Figures and Firearm Law". Gunpolicy.org. University of Sydney School of Public Health. Retrieved 2013-05-19.
  16. ↑ "Guns in Czech Republic: Facts, Figures and Firearm Law". Gunpolicy.org. University of Sydney School of Public Health. Retrieved 2013-05-19.
  17. ↑ "Guns in Denmark: Facts, Figures and Firearm Law". Gunpolicy.org. University of Sydney School of Public Health. Retrieved 2014-07-14.
  18. ↑ "Guns in El Salvador: Facts, Figures and Firearm Law". Gunpolicy.org. University of Sydney School of Public Health. Retrieved 2013-05-19.
  19. ↑ "Guns in Estonia: Facts, Figures and Firearm Law". Gunpolicy.org. University of Sydney School of Public Health. Retrieved 2013-05-19.
  20. ↑ "Guns in Finland: Facts, Figures and Firearm Law". Gunpolicy.org. University of Sydney School of Public Health. Retrieved 2013-05-19.
  21. ↑ "Guns in France: Facts, Figures and Firearm Law". Gunpolicy.org. University of Sydney School of Public Health. Retrieved 2013-05-19.
  22. ↑ "Guns in Georgia: Facts, Figures and Firearm Law". Gunpolicy.org. University of Sydney School of Public Health. Retrieved 2013-05-19.
  23. ↑ "Guns in Germany: Facts, Figures and Firearm Law". Gunpolicy.org. University of Sydney School of Public Health. Retrieved 2013-05-19.
  24. ↑ "Guns in Greece: Facts, Figures and Firearm Law". Gunpolicy.org. University of Sydney School of Public Health. Retrieved 2013-05-19.
  25. ↑ "Guns in Guatemala: Facts, Figures and Firearm Law". Gunpolicy.org. University of Sydney School of Public Health. Retrieved 2013-05-19.
  26. ↑ "Guns in Honduras: Facts, Figures and Firearm Law". Gunpolicy.org. University of Sydney School of Public Health. Retrieved 2013-05-19.
  27. ↑ "Guns in Hong Kong: Facts, Figures and Firearm Law". Gunpolicy.org. University of Sydney School of Public Health. Retrieved 2013-05-19.
  28. ↑ "Guns in Hungary: Facts, Figures and Firearm Law". Gunpolicy.org. University of Sydney School of Public Health. Retrieved 2013-05-19.
  29. ↑ "Guns in Iceland: Facts, Figures and Firearm Law". Gunpolicy.org. University of Sydney School of Public Health. Retrieved 2013-05-19.
  30. ↑ "Guns in India: Facts, Figures and Firearm Law". Gunpolicy.org. University of Sydney School of Public Health. Retrieved 2013-05-19.
  31. ↑ "Guns in Israel: Facts, Figures and Firearm Law". Gunpolicy.org. University of Sydney School of Public Health. Retrieved 2013-05-19.
  32. ↑ "Guns in Italy: Facts, Figures and Firearm Law". Gunpolicy.org. University of Sydney School of Public Health. Retrieved 2013-05-19.
  33. ↑ "Guns in Jamaica: Facts, Figures and Firearm Law". Gunpolicy.org. University of Sydney School of Public Health. Retrieved 2013-05-19.
  34. ↑ "Guns in Japan: Facts, Figures and Firearm Law". Gunpolicy.org. University of Sydney School of Public Health. Retrieved 2013-05-19.
  35. ↑ "Guns in Kuwait: Facts, Figures and Firearm Law". Gunpolicy.org. University of Sydney School of Public Health. Retrieved 2013-05-19.
  36. ↑ "Guns in Kyrgyzstan: Facts, Figures and Firearm Law". Gunpolicy.org. University of Sydney School of Public Health. Retrieved 2013-05-19.
  37. ↑ "Guns in Latvia: Facts, Figures and Firearm Law". Gunpolicy.org. University of Sydney School of Public Health. Retrieved 2013-05-19.
  38. ↑ "Guns in Luxembourg: Facts, Figures and Firearm Law". Gunpolicy.org. University of Sydney School of Public Health. Retrieved 2013-05-19.
  39. ↑ "Guns in Macedonia: Facts, Figures and Firearm Law". Gunpolicy.org. University of Sydney School of Public Health. Retrieved 2013-05-19.
  40. ↑ "Guns in Mexico: Facts, Figures and Firearm Law". Gunpolicy.org. University of Sydney School of Public Health. Retrieved 2013-05-20.
  41. ↑ "Guns in Moldova: Facts, Figures and Firearm Law". Gunpolicy.org. University of Sydney School of Public Health. Retrieved 2013-05-20.
  42. ↑ "Guns in Montenegro: Facts, Figures and Firearm Law". Gunpolicy.org. University of Sydney School of Public Health. Retrieved 2013-05-20.
  43. ↑ "Guns in Netherlands: Facts, Figures and Firearm Law". Gunpolicy.org. University of Sydney School of Public Health. Retrieved 2013-05-20.
  44. ↑ "Guns in New Zealand: Facts, Figures and Firearm Law". Gunpolicy.org. University of Sydney School of Public Health. Retrieved 2013-05-20.
  45. ↑ "Guns in Nicaragua: Facts, Figures and Firearm Law". Gunpolicy.org. University of Sydney School of Public Health. Retrieved 2013-05-20.
  46. ↑ "Guns in Norway: Facts, Figures and Firearm Law". Gunpolicy.org. University of Sydney School of Public Health. Retrieved 2013-05-20.
  47. ↑ "Guns in Panama: Facts, Figures and Firearm Law". Gunpolicy.org. University of Sydney School of Public Health. Retrieved 2013-05-21.
  48. ↑ "Guns in Paraguay: Facts, Figures and Firearm Law". Gunpolicy.org. University of Sydney School of Public Health. Retrieved 2013-05-21.
  49. ↑ "Guns in Peru: Facts, Figures and Firearm Law". Gunpolicy.org. University of Sydney School of Public Health. Retrieved 2013-05-21.
  50. ↑ "Guns in Philippines: Facts, Figures and Firearm Law". Gunpolicy.org. University of Sydney School of Public Health. Retrieved 2013-05-21.
  51. ↑ "Guns in Poland: Facts, Figures and Firearm Law". Gunpolicy.org. University of Sydney School of Public Health. Retrieved 2013-05-21.
  52. ↑ "Guns in Portugal: Facts, Figures and Firearm Law". Gunpolicy.org. University of Sydney School of Public Health. Retrieved 2013-05-21.
  53. ↑ "Guns in Qatar: Facts, Figures and Firearm Law". Gunpolicy.org. University of Sydney School of Public Health. Retrieved 2013-05-22.
  54. ↑ "Guns in Romania: Facts, Figures and Firearm Law". Gunpolicy.org. University of Sydney School of Public Health. Retrieved 2013-05-22.
  55. ↑ "Guns in Serbia: Facts, Figures and Firearm Law". Gunpolicy.org. University of Sydney School of Public Health. Retrieved 2013-05-22.
  56. ↑ "Guns in Singapore: Facts, Figures and Firearm Law". Gunpolicy.org. University of Sydney School of Public Health. Retrieved 2013-05-22.
  57. ↑ "Guns in Slovakia: Facts, Figures and Firearm Law". Gunpolicy.org. University of Sydney School of Public Health. Retrieved 2013-05-22.
  58. ↑ "Guns in Slovenia: Facts, Figures and Firearm Law". Gunpolicy.org. University of Sydney School of Public Health. Retrieved 2013-05-22.
  59. ↑ "Guns in South Africa: Facts, Figures and Firearm Law". Gunpolicy.org. University of Sydney School of Public Health. Retrieved 2013-05-22.
  60. ↑ "Guns in South Korea: Facts, Figures and Firearm Law". Gunpolicy.org. University of Sydney School of Public Health. Retrieved 2013-05-22.
  61. ↑ "Guns in Spain: Facts, Figures and Firearm Law". Gunpolicy.org. University of Sydney School of Public Health. Retrieved 2013-05-22.
  62. ↑ "Guns in Swaziland: Facts, Figures and Firearm Law". Gunpolicy.org. University of Sydney School of Public Health. Retrieved 2013-05-22.
  63. ↑ "Guns in Sweden: Facts, Figures and Firearm Law". Gunpolicy.org. University of Sydney School of Public Health. Retrieved 2013-05-22.
  64. ↑ "Guns in Switzerland: Facts, Figures and Firearm Law". Gunpolicy.org. University of Sydney School of Public Health. Retrieved 2013-05-22.
  65. ↑ "Guns in Taiwan: Facts, Figures and Firearm Law". Gunpolicy.org. University of Sydney School of Public Health. Retrieved 2013-05-22.
  66. ↑ "Guns in Ukraine: Facts, Figures and Firearm Law". Gunpolicy.org. University of Sydney School of Public Health. Retrieved 2013-05-22.
  67. ↑ "Guns in the United Kingdom: Facts, Figures and Firearm Law". Gunpolicy.org. University of Sydney School of Public Health. Retrieved 2013-05-22.
  68. ↑ "United States - Gun Facts, Figures and the Law". Gunpolicy.org. University of Sydney School of Public Health. Retrieved 2014-11-14.
  69. ↑ "Guns in Uruguay: Facts, Figures and Firearm Law". Gunpolicy.org. University of Sydney School of Public Health. Retrieved 2013-05-22.
  70. ↑ "Venezuela — Gun Facts, Figures and the Law". Gunpolicy.org. University of Sydney School of Public Health. Retrieved 2014-01-27.
  71. ↑ "Guns in Zimbabwe: Facts, Figures and Firearm Law". Gunpolicy.org. University of Sydney School of Public Health. Retrieved 2013-05-22.
  72. ↑ EG Krug, KE Powell and LL Dahlberg. "Firearm-related deaths in the United States and 35 other high- and upper-middle-income countries." (PDF). International Journal of Epidemiology 1998:27:214-221.
  73. ↑ "The Eighth United Nations Survey on Crime Trends and the Operations of Criminal Justice Systems (2001–2002)". United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (UNODC). Retrieved 2008-05-09.
  74. ↑ "The Seventh United Nations Survey on Crime Trends and the Operations of Criminal Justice Systems (1998–2000)". United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (UNODC). Archived from the original on 2006-11-04. Retrieved 2006-11-08.
  75. ↑ Greg Barrow (2000-02-15). "SA gun deaths rise". BBC.
  76. ↑ Kaiser Family Foundation / statehealthfacts.org "Deaths Due to Injury by Firearms per 100,000 Population". StateHealthFacts.org. 2008-04-08.
  77. ↑ "International Homicide Comparisons". GunCite.com. 2008-04-08.
  78. ↑ "Fatal Injury Mapping". CDC.gov. 2012-02-05.
  79. ↑ "Global Impacts of Gun Violence". gunpolicy.org. 2012-02-10.
  80. ↑ "UNODC Homicide Statistics 2012". unodc.org.
  81. ↑ "Victims of crime survey 2011" (PDF). statssa.gov.za.
  82. ↑ "European Detailed Mortality Database". data.euro.who.int.

Bibliography