List of birds of Singapore

This is a list of the bird species recorded in Singapore. The avifauna of Singapore include a total of 385 species.^[1] In addition, there are some ornamental birds, escapees and free-ranging birds from the Singapore Zoo and Jurong Bird Park, making a total of more than 400 bird species.

Abundance

• Very common (VC) - found almost all the time in suitable locations
• Common (C) - found most of the time in suitable locations
• Uncommon (U) - found some of the time
• Rare (R) - found several times a year
• Very rare (VR) - not found every year
• Extirpated (Ex) - used to be found in Singapore, but not any more

Status

• Resident (R) - stays throughout the year without known breeding record
• Resident breeder (RB) - stays throughout the year with known breeding record
• Winter visitor (WV) - spends months at wintering site
• Passage migrant (PM) - spends days to weeks at wintering site
• Migrant breeder (MB) - breeds locally, but winters elsewhere
• Non-breeding visitor (NBV) - can be found throughout the year for days to months, but does not breed locally
• Vagrant (V) - not usually found locally
• Introduced (I) - either released or escaped birds
• Reintroduced (rI) - previously extirpated, but has been re-introduced into the wild
• Ornamental (O) - placed in parks or gardens for display purpose
• Free-ranging (F) - allowed to fly freely from zoos or bird parks

Locations

There are many locations for bird-watching in Singapore. The habitats include forests, mangroves, rivers, coasts, grasslands, woodlands, marshes and offshore islands.

Nature reserves^[2]

• Bukit Timah Nature Reserve (BTNR) - the forest surrounding the highest peak in Singapore
• Central Catchment Nature Reserve (CCNR) - the four reservoirs in central Singapore (MacRitchie, Lower Peirce (LPR), Upper Peirce (UPR) and Upper Seletar (USR)) and surrounding forests
• Labrador Nature Reserve (LNR) - the forest and surrounding coast at the southern tip of Singapore
• Sungei Buloh Wetland Reserve (SBWR) - the wetland at the north-western tip of Singapore

Offshore islands^[3]

There are many islands surrounding mainland Singapore. They often have names carrying the word "pulau" (P.), meaning "island" (Is.) in the Malay language.

• Islands in Johor Strait - including Pulau Punggol, Coney Island, Pulau Tekong, Pulau Ubin^[4]
• Islands in Singapore Strait - including Sentosa, Sisters' Islands, St. John Island, Kusu Island, Jurong Island , Pulau Hantu, Pulau Salu, Pulau Semakau
• Pedra Branca- the eastern-most end of Singapore Strait

Rivers^[5]

There are many rivers in Singapore. They often have names carrying the word "sungei" (S.), meaning "river" in the Malay language.

• Sungei Punggol - a river in the north-eastern part of Singapore. It has been converted into a reservoir in 2011 and is now known as Punggol Reservoir. It contains Sengkang Floating Wetland (SFW) and is beside Sengkang Riverside Park (SRP).
• Sungei Serangoon - a river in the north-eastern part of Singapore. It has been converted into a reservoir in 2011 and is now known as Serangoon Reservoir. It is beside Lorong Halus Wetland, Punggol grassland.

Coasts

There are many coastal habitats around mainland Singapore.

• Lower Seletar Dam (LSD) - a mudflat and sandy beach at north-eastern Singapore. It is the northern border of Lower Seletar Reservoir (LSR).
• Kranji Dam - a dam at north-western Singapore. It is the northern border of the Kranji Reservoir.
• Mandai Mudflat -a mudflat at north-western Singapore. It is a feeding ground for migratory waders.

Parks and gardens^[6]

There are many parks and gardens in Singapore. Some of them contain lakes, mangroves, forests, quarries or rivers. Others like Ang Mo Kio Town Garden West (AMK TGW) is a park in the middle of a town. Satay by the Bay (SBTB) is a part of the bigger Gardens by the Bay at the south-eastern end of Singapore (formerly Marina South).

• Admiralty Park - a park in northern Singapore with a mangrove and a river, Sungei Cina.
• Bukit Batok Nature Park (BBNP) - a forest near the western part of Singapore with a quarry within.
• Dairy Farm Nature Park (DFNP) - the forest adjacent to the north of BTNR, including Wallace Education Centre and Singapore Quarry
• Hindhede Nature Park (HNP) - the forest adjacent to the south-west of BTNR, including Hindhede Quarry.
• Jurong Lake - includes the parks surrounding the Jurong Lake, i.e. Chinese Garden) and Japanese Garden.
• Pasir Ris Park (PRP) - a park at the north-eastern part of Singapore containing Sungei Api Api and a mangrove board walk.
• Singapore Botanic Gardens (SBG) - a botanic garden containing three lakes (Eco, Symphony and Swan).
• Southern Ridges - contains Kent Ridge Park (KRP), Mount Faber and Telok Blangah Hill Park (TBHP).
• Tampines Eco Green (TEG) - a park in eastern Singapore.
• West Coast Park (WCP) - a park at the south-west of Singapore.

Cemeteries

Cemeteries, present or past, are good nature areas because they are left undisturbed most of the time.

• Bidadari Cemetery - the cemetery along Upper Aljunied Road
• Bukit Brown Cemetery (BBC) - the cemetery along Lornie Road
• Choa Chu Kang Cemetery (CCKC) - the cemeteries along Lim Chu Kang Road

Other locations

The other locations include reclaimed lands, woodlands and military grounds.

• Changi - the reclaimed land and coast at eastern Singapore
• Neo Tiew Lane (NTL) - the area from Neo Tiew Lane 1 to 3, including a marsh, known locally as Kranji Marsh.
• Western Water Catchment (WWC) - the four reservoirs in western Singapore (Tengeh, Poyan, Murai and Sarimbun) and surrounding forests
• Tuas - the reclaimed land and coast at western Singapore

List of birds

Order Galliformes (fowls)

Family Phasianidae (pheasants and relatives)

• Blue-breasted quail (Coturnix chinensis) - R/RB - Changi, Halus, NTL, P, Punggol, Punggol, SBWR, Tuas
• Red junglefowl (Gallus gallus) - U/RB+IRB - RB: P. Ubin. IRB: Changi, East Coast, Fort Canning, PRP, Poyan, SBG, SBTB, SBWR, Sembawang Park, Tampines

Order Anseriformes (waterfowl)

Family Anatidae (ducks, geese and swans)

• Mute swan (Cygnus olor) - U/O - SBG
• Black swan (Cygnus atratus) - U/O - SBG
• Lesser whistling duck (Dendrocygna javanica) - U/RB - Halus, Kranji marsh, P. Punggol, SBTB, SBG, SBWR, WCP, Yishun, S. Serangoon
• Wandering whistling duck (Dendrocygna arcuata) - U/IRB - P. Punggol, SBG, WCP, Marina East, Marina South
• Cotton pygmy goose (Nettapus coromandelianus) - VR/NBV - Halus, Kranji Marsh, LSR, Poyan, WCP
• Gadwall (Anas strepera) - VR/V - Punggol (1989)
• Eurasian wigeon (Anas penelope) - VR/V - SBWR (1986-7)
• Northern shoveler (Anas clypeata) - VR/WV - Changi, Halus, Poyan, SBWR
• Northern pintail (Anas acuta) - VR/WV - Poyan
• Garganey (Anas querquedula) - R/WV - Changi, Halus, Poyan, SBWR, Tuas, Marina South
• Common teal (Anas crecca) - VR/V - S. Jurong (1978)
• Tufted duck (Aythya fuligula) - VR/V - Changi (1999)
• Domestic duck (Anas platyrhynchos domesticus) - R/I - SBG, Warren
• Radjah shelduck (Tadorna radjah) - R/O - SBG
• Mandarin duck (Aix galericulata) - R/O - SBG

Order Podicipediformes (grebes)

Family Podicepidae (grebes)

• Little grebe (Tachybaptus ruficollis) - U/RB - Halus, KRP, Kranji Marsh, P. Punggol, Punggol, Singapore Quarry, Tampines Quarry

Order Procellariiformes (tubenoses)

Family Hydrobatidae (storm-petrels)

• Swinhoe's storm-petrel (Oceanodroma monorhis) - C/PM - P. Ubin, Singapore Strait
• Wilson's storm-petrel^[7] (Oceanites oceanicus) - VR/V - Singapore Strait

Family Procellariidae (shearwaters)

• Short-tailed shearwater^[8] (Puffinus tenuirostris) - R/PM - Singapore Strait

Order Pelecaniformes (pelicans and relatives)

Family Pelecanidae (pelicans)

• Pink-backed pelican (Pelecanus rufescens) - R/F - Jurong Lake (2014)
• Spot-billed pelican (Pelecanus philippensis) - VR/F - Kranji, Seletar
• Dalmatian pelican (Pelecanus crispus) - VR/F - Jurong Lake (2007, 2014)
• Australian pelican (Pelecanus conspicillatus) - VR/F - Admiralty Park, Jurong Lake

Family Sulidae (gannets and boobies)

• Brown booby (Sula leucogaster) - VR/V - Pedra Branca
• Red-footed booby (Sula sula) - VR/V - CCKC (2011), Singapore Strait (2012)

Family Fregatidae (frigatebirds)

• Christmas Island frigatebird (Fregata andrewsi) - VR/NBV - P. Ubin, Singapore Strait, SBWR
• Lesser frigatebird (Fregata ariel) - VR/NBV - Pedra Branca, Singapore Strait

Family Phalacrocoracidae (cormorants and shags)

• Great cormorant (Phalacrocorax carbo) - U/F - Changi, Johor Strait, Kranji Dam, Mandai Mudflat, Tuas

Family Anhingidae (darters)

• Oriental darter (Anhinga melanogaster) - VR/F - Bukit Gombak, Kranji

Family Phaethontidae (tropicbirds)

• Red-billed tropicbird (Phaethon aethereus) - VR/V - S. Serangoon (1986)

Order Ciconiiformes (herons and relatives)

Family Ciconiidae (storks)

• Milky stork (Mycteria cinerea) - U/F - Admiralty Park, Jurong Lake, SBWR
• Painted stork (Mycteria leucocephala) - U/F - Admiralty Park, Jurong Lake, SBWR
• Asian openbill (Anastomus oscitans)^[9] - VR/NBV - NTL/P. Punggol/Seletar West (2013)
• Lesser adjutant (Leptoptilos javanicus) - Ex/RB, R/NBV - SBWR, WWC

Family Ardeidae (herons, egrets and bitterns)

• Grey heron (Ardea cinerea) - C/RB - waterbodies
• Purple heron (Ardea purpurea) - C/RB - grassfields, waterbodies
• Great-billed heron (Ardea sumatrana) - R/RB - Jurong Lake, KRP, Poyan, P. Hantu, P. Jong, P. Semakau, P. Tekong, P. Ubin, Sentosa, SBWR, Tuas
• Great egret (Ardea alba) - C/WV - waterbodies
• Intermediate egret (Mesophoyx intermedia) - C/WV - grassfields, waterbodies
• Little egret (Egretta garzetta) - VC/WV - waterbodies
• Chinese egret (Egretta eulophotes) - R/WV - Changi, PRP, P. Ubin, SBWR, S. Serangoon
• Pacific reef egret (Egretta sacra) - U/R - Changi, LSD, Marina Barrage, P. Hantu, P. Semakau, P. Ubin, PRP, Siglap Canal, SBWR, WCP, S. Punggol, S. Serangoon
• Cattle egret (Bubulcus ibis) - VC/WV - grassfields
• Chinese pond heron (Ardeola bacchus) - C/WV - Changi, Halus, Jurong Lake, LNR, Poyan, SBWR, Marina South
• Indian pond heron (Ardeola grayii) - VR/V - Halus (2012)
• Javan pond heron (Ardeola speciosa) - R/WV - Halus, SBWR, S. Serangoon
• Striated heron (Butorides striatus) - VC/RBWV - waterbodies
• Black-crowned night heron (Nycticorax nycticorax) - U/RB - waterbodies
• Malayan night heron (Gorsachius melanolophus) - R/WVPM - Bidadari, CCNR, Jurong Lake, NTL, SBG, Tuas
• Cinnamon bittern (Ixobrychus cinnamomeus) - U/RBWV - Bidadari, CCKC, Halus, Jurong Lake, NTL, PRP, SBWR, Tuas, Jurong West, P. Punggol
• Schrenck's bittern (Ixobrychus eurhythmus) - R/WV - CCNR, Changi, Halus, Jurong Lake, PRP, Sengkang, SBWR, Tuas, Venus Drive
• Black bittern (Ixobrychus flavicollis) - U/WVPM - CCNR, Hindhede Quarry, Jurong Eco Garden, Jurong Lake, Halus, PRP, P. Ubin, SBG, SBTB, SBWR, Tuas
• Yellow bittern (Ixobrychus sinensis) - C/WV - reeds

Family Threskiornithidae (ibises and spoonbills)

• Glossy ibis (Plegadis falcinellus) - VR/V - SBWR, S. Serangoon

Order Falconiformes (birds of prey)^[10]

Family Pandionidae (osprey)

• Osprey (Pandion haliaetus) - C/NBV - islandwide near water

Family Accipitridae (eagles, hawks and relatives)

• Black baza (Aviceda leuphotes) - C/WVPM - islandwide
• Jerdon's baza (Aviceda jerdoni) - U/WVPM - Bidadari, BTNR, CCNR, Changi, CCKC, Clementi, Jurong Lake, Halus, PRP, Poyan, Springleaf, Tampines, Marina South
• Oriental honey buzzard (Pernis ptilorhyncus) - C/WVPM, U/NBV - WVPM: islandwide. NBV: Bidadari, Poyan, Toa Payoh, USR
• Bat hawk (Macheiramphus alcinus) - VR/NBV - MacRitchie, P. Ubin
• Black-winged kite (Elanus caeruleus) - C/RB - grasslands
• Black kite (Milvus migrans) - U/WV - BBNP, CCNR, Changi, Punggol, P. Punggol, Seletar Camp, SBWR, Tuas, Marina South
• Brahminy kite (Haliastur indus) - C/RB - islandwide
• Japanese sparrowhawk (Accipiter gularis) - C/WVPM - islandwide
• Chinese sparrowhawk (Accipiter soloensis) - U/WVPM - AMK TGW, CCNR, Changi, Jurong Lake, LSD, Mt Faber, NTL, P. Punggol, P. Ubin, SBG, SBWR, Tuas, WCP
• Crested goshawk (Accipiter trivirgatus) - R/RB - AMK TGW, BTNR, CCNR, Changi, Jurong Lake, Kranji Dam, NTL, PRP, Punggol, P. Ubin, Sembawang Park, SBG, Southern Ridges, Zoo
• Besra (Accipiter virgatus) - R/PM - Changi, Tuas
• Grey-faced buzzard (Butastur indicus) - U/WV - BBNP, CCNR, Changi, Sungei Buloh, Tuas
• Common buzzard (Buteo buteo) - U/WV - Airport Road, Bidadari, BBNP, Changi, Halus, Holland, Jurong Lake, KRP, Sembawang Park, Sentosa, Tuas
• Blyth's hawk eagle (Spizaetus alboniger) - VR/NBV - KRP, Simpang
• Changeable hawk eagle (Spizaetus cirrhatus) - U/RB - forests, woodlands
• Rufous-bellied eagle (Hieraaetus kienerii) - R/WVPM - BBNP, BBC, BTNR, CCNR, Halus, SBG, SBWR
• Booted eagle (Hieraaetus pennatus) - U/WV - Bidadari, Bukit Panjang, CCNR, Changi, CCKC, Poyan, Punggol, P. Punggol, Tuas
• Greater spotted eagle (Aquila clanga) - VR/WV - Changi, Murai, NTL, P. Punggol, SBG, Tuas
• Imperial eagle (Aquila heliaca) - VR/V - Changi, Punggol
• Steppe eagle (Aquila nipalensis) - VR/V - Changi, Halus, Tuas, Punggol, S. Serangoon
• White-bellied sea eagle (Haliaeetus leucogaster) - C/RB - islandwide near water
• Grey-headed fish eagle (Ichthyophaga ichthyaetus) - U/RB - CCNR, Changi, Changi Village, Jurong Lake, Little Guilin, LSR, NTL, Poyan, Seletar Camp, SBG, Springleaf, SBWR
• Himalayan griffon (Gyps himalayensis) - R/V - AMK, BTNR, Changi, Johor Strait, Orchard Road, Simpang, SBWR
• Short-toed snake eagle (Circaetus gallicus) - VR/PM - CCNR, Jurong Lake, Halus, NTL, SBWR, Tuas
• Crested serpent eagle (Spilornis cheela) - R/R - BTNR, CCNR, Goldhill Avenue, Jurong Lake, Malcolm Park, P. Ubin, P. Tekong, Sembawang Park, SBG, Springleaf, SBWR
• Northern harrier (Circus cyaneus) - VR/WV - Halus, Poyan
• Pied harrier (Circus melanoleucos) - R/WV - Changi, P. Punggol, Tuas
• Eastern marsh harrier (Circus spilonotus) - U/WV - Changi, NTL, Poyan, P. Semakau, Sengkang, SBWR, Tuas

Family Falconidae (falcons and relatives)

• Black-thighed falconet (Microhierax fringillarius) - VR/NBV - BBNP, Jurong Lake
• Common kestrel (Falco tinnunculus) - R/WV - Bukit Batok West, Changi, CCKC, Jurong Lake, Kranji, KRP, P. Punggol, Tuas, Jurong West
• Lesser kestrel (Falco naumanni) - VR/WV - Changi
• Amur falcon (Falco amurensis)^[11] - VR/V - Changi (2007)
• Oriental hobby (Falco severus) - VR/V - P. Ubin
• Eurasian hobby (Falco subbuteo) - VR/V - P. Ubin, SBWR
• Peregrine falcon (Falco peregrinus) - U/WV - Bishan Park, BBNP, CCNR, Changi, City, Jurong Lake, Kranji, KRP, LSD, NTL, P. Punggol, P. Ubin, Punggol Park, SBWR, Seletar Camp, St. John Is., Tuas, Woodlands, Khatib Bongsu

Order Turniciformes (buttonquails)

Family Turnicidae (buttonquails)

• Barred buttonquail (Turnix suscitator) - U/RB - Changi, Halus, NTL, P. Punggol, P. Ubin, Punggol, TEG, Tuas

Order Gruiformes (cranes and relatives)

Family Heliornithidae (finfoots)

• Masked finfoot (Heliopais personata) - VR/V - SBWR (1999), USR (2002, 2010)

Family Gruidae (cranes)

• East African crowned crane (Balearica regulorum gibbericeps) - VR/F - Seletar West

Family Rallidae (rails and relatives)

• Red-legged crake (Rallina fasciata) - U/RBWV - BBNP, BBC, BTNR, CCNR, Halus, Mt. Faber, P. Ubin, SBG, SBWR
• Slaty-legged crake (Rallina eurizonoides) - VR/WVPM - Bedok (2012), Jurong Lake (2014), LPR (2009)
• Slaty-breasted rail (Gallirallus striatus) - C/RB - tall grass areas
• White-breasted waterhen (Amaurornis phoenicurus) - VC/RBWV - islandwide
• Baillon's crake (Porzana pusilla) - R/WVPM - Bt. Batok, Halus, NTL, Tampines, Tuas, P. Punggol
• Ruddy-breasted crake (Porzana fusca) - U/RBWV - Bishan Park, Changi, Halus, Kranji Marsh, LSR, Punggol, P. Punggol, Tampines, Tuas, Marina South
• Band-bellied crake (Porzana paykullii) - VR/PM - Jurong Lake (2014)
• White-browed crake (Porzana cinerea) - U/RB - Halus, Kranji Marsh, SBWR, Punggol
• Watercock (Gallicrex cinerea) - U/WV - Changi, Halus, Jurong East, Kranji Marsh, Poyan, SBG, SBWR, Tuas, Khatib Bongsu, Marina South
• Purple swamphen (Porphyrio porphyrio) - R/RB - Halus, Kranji Marsh, Neo Tiew, TEG, Poyan
• Common moorhen (Gallinula chloropus) - U/RB - Halus, Kranji Marsh, Poyan, WCP, Marina South, P. Punggol, Serangoon
• Common coot (Fulica atra) - VR/V - Poyan

Order Charadriiformes (shorebirds)

Family Charadriidae (plovers and lapwings)

• Grey-headed lapwing (Vanellus cinereus) - VR/V - Kranji, SBWR, Tuas
• Red-wattled lapwing (Vanellus indicus) - U/RB - Bt. Batok West, Changi, Kranji, Marina East, NTL, Punggol, P. Punggol, P. Tekong, P. Ubin, SBWR, Sarimbun, Tuas, Warren
• Masked lapwing (Vanellus miles) - R/IRB - Mandai, Seletar Country Club
• Pacific golden plover (Pluvialis fulva) - VC/WVPM - rivers, coasts, mudflats, open areas
• Grey plover (Pluvialis squatarola) - U/WVPM - Changi, P. Ubin, SBWR
• Common ringed plover (Charadrius hiaticula) - VR/PM - Changi, SBWR
• Little ringed plover (Charadrius dubius) - C/WVPM - open areas, rivers, coasts
• Kentish plover (Charadrius alexandrinus) - U/WVPM - Changi, Marina Barrage, Tuas
• Malaysian plover (Charadrius peronii) - R/RB - Changi, Halus, LSD, P. Semakau, Tuas
• Lesser sand plover (Charadrius mongolus) - VC/WVPM - rivers, coasts, mudflats
• Greater sand plover (Charadrius leschenaultii) - U/WVPM - Changi, LSD, SBWR
• Oriental plover (Charadrius veredus) - VR/PM - Changi, LSD

Family Scolopacidae (sandpipers and relatives)

• Eurasian woodcock (Scolopax rusticola) - VR/V
• Pintail snipe (Gallinago stenura) - C/WV - Changi, CCKC, Halus, Jurong Lake, Punggol, P. Ubin, SBWR, Tuas, Warren
• Swinhoe's snipe (Gallinago megala) - R/WV - Changi, Punggol, NTL
• Common snipe (Gallinago gallinago) - C/WV - Changi, Jurong Lake, Halus, Poyan, SBWR, Tuas, Venus Drive, Khatib Bongsu, P. Punggol, Punggol
• Asian dowitcher (Limnodromus semipalmatus) - U/WVPM - Changi, Halus, P. Ubin, SBWR
• Black-tailed godwit (Limosa limosa) - U/WVPM - Changi, Mandai Mudflat, SBWR
• Bar-tailed godwit (Limosa lapponica) - U/WVPM - Changi, Mandai Mudflat, P. Ubin, SBWR
• Little curlew (Numenius minutus) - VR/V - Tuas (1997)
• Whimbrel (Numenius phaeopus) - C/WVPM - rivers, coasts, mudflats
• Eurasian curlew (Numenius arquata) - R/WVPM - Changi, P. Ubin, SBWR, Tuas
• Far Eastern curlew (Numenius madagascariensis) - VR/PM - Changi, SBWR
• Spotted redshank (Tringa erythropus) - VR/WV - Punggol, SBWR
• Common redshank (Tringa totanus) - VC/WVPM - rivers, coasts, mudflats
• Marsh sandpiper (Tringa stagnatilis) - C/WVPM - rivers, coasts, mudflats
• Common greenshank (Tringa nebularia) - VC/WVPM - rivers, coasts, mudflats
• Nordmann's greenshank (Tringa guttifer) - VR/WV - Changi, SBWR
• Green sandpiper (Tringa ochropus) - VR/WV - CCK, NTL
• Wood sandpiper (Tringa glareola) - C/WVPM - Changi, Halus, Punggol, P. Punggol, SBWR, Tuas
• Grey-tailed tattler (Tringa brevipes) - U/WVPM - Changi, Mandai Mudflat, SBWR
• Terek sandpiper (Tringa cinerea) - U/WVPM - Changi, LSD, Mandai Mudflat, SBWR
• Common sandpiper (Tringa hypoleucos) - C/WVPM - waterbodies
• Ruddy turnstone (Arenaria interpres) - U/WV - Changi, Halus, LSD, Mandai Mudflat, SBWR
• Great knot (Calidris tenuirostris) - R/PM - Changi, LSD, Mandai Mudflat, SBWR
• Red knot (Calidris canutus) -VR/WV - SBWR
• Sanderling (Calidris alba) - U/WV - Changi, LSD, SBWR
• Dunlin (Calidris alpina) - VR/PM - Changi
• Red-necked stint (Calidris ruficollis) - C/WVPM - Changi, Mandai Mudflat, P. Ubin, SBWR
• Temminck's stint (Calidris temminckii) - VR/PM
• Long-toed stint (Calidris subminuta) - R/WVPM - Changi, Pulau Punggol, SBWR, Tuas
• Pectoral sandpiper (Calidris melanotos) - R/V - Changi
• Sharp-tailed sandpiper (Calidris acuminata) - R/V - Changi
• Curlew sandpiper (Calidris ferruginea) - C/WVPM - Changi, LSD, Mandai Mudflat, SBWR
• Spoon-billed sandpiper (Eurynorhynchus pygmeus) - VR/WV - Changi
• Broad-billed sandpiper (Limicola falcinellus) - U/WVPM - Changi, Mandai Mudflat, SBWR
• Ruff (Philomachus pugnax) - VR/WV - Changi, SBWR
• Red-necked phalarope (Phalaropus lobatus) - VR/WV - Singapore Strait

Family Rostratulidae (painted snipes)

• Greater painted-snipe (Rostratula benghalensis) - R/RB - Jurong Central Park, Halus, Kranji Marsh, Tuas, Punggol, Jurong West

Family Jacanidae (jacanas)

• Pheasant-tailed jacana (Hydrophasianus chirurgus) - VR/WV - Halus, Kranji Marsh, SBWR

Family Burhinidae (thickknees)

• Beach stone-curlew (Esacus giganteus) - Ex/R - Southern Islands

Family Recurvirostridae (stilts and avocets)

• Black-winged stilt (Himantopus himantopus) - R/WVPM - Changi, SBWR, P. Punggol

Family Glareolidae (pratincoles and coursers)

• Small pratincole (Glareola lactea) - VR/PM - Changi, P. Punggol
• Oriental pratincole (Glareola maldivarum) - U/PM - CCNR, Changi, Kranji Marsh, Punggol, P. Punggol, P. Semakau, Tuas

Family Stercorariidae (skuas and jaegers)^[12]

• Long-tailed jaeger (Stercorarius longicaudus) - R/WV - Singapore Strait
• Parasitic jaeger (Stercorarius parasiticus) - R/WV - P. Punggol, Singapore Strait
• Pomarine jaeger (Stercorarius pomarinus) - R/WV - Singapore Strait

Family Laridae (gulls and terns)

• Brown-headed gull (Larus brunnicephalus) - VR/V - Johor Strait, Kranji
• Black-headed gull (Larus ridibundus) - R/WV - LSD, Mandai Mudflat, P. Ubin, Singapore Strait
• Heuglin's gull (Larus heuglini) - VR/V - Singapore Strait (2011)
• Gull-billed tern (Sterna nilotica) - R/WVPM - Changi, Mandai Mudflat, P. Ubin, Singapore Strait
• Caspian tern (Sterna caspia) - R/WV - Mandai Mudflat
• Great crested tern (Sterna bergii) - C/WV - Changi, Johor Strait, Mandai Mudflat, Pedra Branca, P. Ubin, Singapore Strait
• Lesser crested tern (Sterna bengalensis) - C/WV - Changi, Johor Strait, Mandai Mudflat, Pedra Branca, P. Ubin, Punggol, Singapore Strait
• Little tern (Sterna albifrons) - C/RBWV - inland (nest), rivers, coasts, seas
• Aleutian tern (Sterna aleutica) - U/WV - Singapore Strait
• Bridled tern (Sterna anaethetus) - U/RB, C/PM - Pedra Branca, Singapore Strait
• Roseate tern (Sterna dougallii) - VR/V - Pedra Branca
• Black-naped tern (Sterna sumatrana) - U/RB - Changi, Johor Strait, Pedra Branca, P. Ubin, P. Tekong, Singapore Strait
• Common tern (Sterna hirundo) - U/WV - Changi, Halus, Mandai Mudflat, Singapore Strait
• Whiskered tern (Chlidonias hybridus) - R/WVPM - Halus, Johor Strait, Jurong Lake, Kranji Dam, Serangoon, Singapore Strait
• White-winged tern (Chlidonias leucopterus) - C/WVPM - rivers, coasts, seas

Order Columbiformes (pigeons)

Family Columbidae (pigeons)

• Common pigeon (Columba livia) - VC/IRB - urban areas
• Red collared dove (Streptopelia tranquebarica) - C/IRB - Changi, Halus, NTL, PRP, P. Ubin
• Spotted dove (Streptopelia chinensis) - VC/RB - urban areas
• Emerald dove (Chalcophaps indica) - U/RB - BBNP, BTNR, CCNR, P. Ubin, SBWR
• Zebra dove (Geopelia striata) - C/RB - urban areas
• Cinnamon-headed green pigeon (Treron fulvicollis) - VR/NBV - CCNR, P. Tekong, P. Ubin, SBWR
• Little green pigeon (Treron olax) - Ex/R - BTNR, CCNR
• Pink-necked green pigeon (Treron vernans) - C/RB - woodlands
• Thick-billed green pigeon (Treron curvirostra) - U/RB - BBC, BTNR, CCNR, St. John Is., Sentosa, Marina South
• Jambu fruit dove (Ptilinopus jambu) - U/NBV - BBNP, Bidadari, BTNR, CCNR, Changi, KRP, Jurong Lake, Mt. Faber, P. Punggol, SBG
• Green imperial pigeon (Ducula aenea) - R/NBV - BBNP, Halus, Loyang, PRP, P. Ubin, P. Tekong
• Mountain imperial pigeon (Ducula badia) - VR/V - P. Ubin (2012)
• Pied imperial pigeon (Ducula bicolor) - R/NBV+U/F - NBV: P. Salu, Singapore Strait, Southern Islands; F: BBNP, Bt Batok West, Jurong Lake, LNR, Poyan, PRP, Tuas, WCP

Order Psittaciformes (parrots)

Family Cacatuidae (cockatoos)

• Tanimbar cockatoo (Cacatua goffiniana)^[13] - C/IRB - Bidadari, BBNP, Changi Village, Malcolm Park, Mt. Faber, PRP SBG, Sembawang Park, Sentosa, Springleaf
• Yellow-crested cockatoo (Cacatua sulphurea) - U/IRB -Bidadari, Changi Village, Clementi, Dover Road, Malcolm Park, St. John Is., Sentosa, SBG, Southern Ridges
• Sulphur-crested cockatoo (Cacatua galerita) - R/I - Mt. Faber, Sentosa

Family Psittacidae (parrots)

• African grey parrot (Psittacus erithacus) - R/I - Bidadari, Dempsey Road, Goldhill Ave, Malcolm Park
• Blue-crowned hanging parrot (Loriculus galgulus) - U/RB - Bishan Park, BBNP, BTNR, CCNR, KRP, Malcolm Park, Mt. Faber, SBG
• Rainbow lorikeet (Trichoglossus haematodus) - U/IRB - BBC, Bidadari, Bishan Park, BTNR, Buona Vista, CCNR, Goldhill Ave, Jurong Lake, SBG, Sentosa
• Red lory (Eos bornea) - VR/I - Brickland Road, SBG
• Peach-faced lovebird (Agapornis roseicollis) - VR/I - CCNR, Pasir Panjang
• Blue-rumped parrot (Psittinus cyanurus) - R/R - CCNR
• Alexandrine parakeet (Psittacula eupatria) - R/I - P. Punggol
• Rose-ringed parakeet (Psittacula krameri) - U/IRB - Bidadari, Halus, LSD, Marina East, Poyan, PRP, P. Ubin, Seletar Camp, Sembawang Park, Simpang, SBG
• Red-breasted parakeet (Psittacula alexandri) - C/IRB - woodlands
• Long-tailed parakeet (Psittacula longicauda) - C/RB - woodlands
• Blossom-headed parakeet (Psittacula roseata) - R/I - Poyan
• Monk parakeet (Myiopsitta monachus) - R/I - Changi, P. Punggol, Punggol

Order Cuculiformes (cuckoos and relatives)

Family Cuculidae (cuckoos)

• Greater coucal (Centropus sinensis) - U/RB - woodlands: CCNR, PRP, SBWR, Venus Dr
• Lesser coucal (Centropus bengalensis) - C/RB - grasslands
• Chestnut-bellied malkoha (Phaenicophaeus sumatranus) - U/RB - BTNR, CCNR, Poyan, TBHP
• Black-bellied malkoha (Phaenicophaeus diardi) - Ex/RB
• Chestnut-winged cuckoo (Clamator coromandus) - U/WVPM - Bidadari, CCNR, Changi, Halus, Jurong Lake, Murai, Poyan, P. Punggol, Simpang, SBG, SBWR, Khatib Bongsu, Marina South
• Pied cuckoo (Clamator jacobinus) - VR/V - Halus (2013-2014)
• Asian koel (Eudynamys scolopacea) - C/RB - Islandwide (including offshore islands)
• Violet cuckoo (Chrysococcyx xanthorhynchus) - U/RBWV - BBNP, BTNR, CCNR, Jurong Eco Garden, Mandai, NTL, PRP, Poyan, P. Ubin, SBG, Simpang
• Horsfield's bronze cuckoo (Chrysococcyx basalis) - R/WV - Changi Beach, CCKC, Halus, Kranji, P. Tekong, Sentosa, Tuas, Marina East, Marina South
• Little bronze cuckoo (Chrysococcyx minutillus) - C/RB - woodlands
• Banded bay cuckoo (Cacomantis sonnerati) - U/RB - Bidadari, BBNP, BTNR, CCNR, Halus, Marina East, NTL, P. Ubin, SBWR
• Plaintive cuckoo (Cacomantis merulinus) - U/RB - Bidadari, BBNP, BTNR, CCNR, Changi, Halus, Jurong Lake, NTL, P. Punggol, P. Ubin, Poyan, Punggol, SBWR, Tampines, Tuas
• Rusty-breasted cuckoo (Cacomantis sepulcralis) - U/RB - Bidadari, BTNR, CCNR, Halus, NTL, Poyan, P. Tekong, P. Ubin, SBG, SBWR, Sentosa, Khatib Bongsu
• Asian drongo cuckoo (Surniculus lugubris) - U/RBWV - Bidadari, BBNP, BTNR, CCNR, Jurong Lake, Mandai, NTL, PRP, Poyan, SBG, SBWR
• Large hawk cuckoo (Cuculus sparverioides) - R/WVPM - Bidadari, CCNR, Changi, Jurong Lake, P. Punggol, PRP, Tuas, Khatib Bongsu
• Hodgson's hawk cuckoo (Cuculus nisicolor) - U/WVPM - Bidadari, BTNR, CCNR, Changi, CCKC, Jurong Lake, Kusu Island, Mandai, PRP, Poyan, P. Punggol, Tuas
• Malaysian hawk cuckoo (Cuculus fugax) - R/NBV - Bidadari, Bishan Park, BTNR, CCNR, Halus, Jurong Lake, Poyan, SBWR
• Indian cuckoo (Cuculus micropterus) - C/WVPM - Bidadari, BTNR, CCNR, Changi, Jurong Lake, Mandai, Mt. Faber, NTL, Poyan, P. Punggol, SBG, SBWR
• Oriental cuckoo (Cuculus saturatus) - R/PM - Bidadari, BBNP, CCNR, Coney Island, Jurong Lake, Tuas

Order Strigiformes (owls)

Family Tytonidae (barn and bay owls)

• Barn owl (Tyto alba) - U/RB - under bridges, Changi, Istana, Jurong Lake, Kranji Dam, Marina Barrage, Sentosa, Tanjong Rhu, Toa Payoh, Tuas
• Oriental bay owl (Phodilus badius) - Ex/RB

Family Strigidae (typical owls)

• Sunda scops owl (Otus lempiji) - C/RB - Alexandra Hill, BBC, BBNP, BTNR, CCNR, P. Ubin, PRP, SBWR, Sentosa
• Oriental scops owl (Otus sunia) - R/WVPM - Bidadari, BTNR, CCNR, Fort Canning, Kent Road, KRP, Kent Road, Mt. Faber, P. Ubin, Seletar Country Club, SBWR
• Barred eagle owl (Bubo sumatranus) - VR/NBV - BTNR, CCNR, P. Ubin
• Buffy fish owl (Ketupa ketupu) - R/RB - CCNR, Jurong Eco Garden, NTL, Poyan, P. Ubin, PRP, SBWR, Sentosa
• Spotted wood owl (Strix seloputo) - U/RB - Bidadari, Chinatown, City, Dover Road, Jurong Lake, PRP, P. Ubin, Poyan, St. John Is., Sentosa, SBG, TBHP, Toa Payoh
• Brown wood owl (Strix leptogrammica) - VR/RB - CCNR, P. Ubin
• Brown hawk owl (Ninox scutulata) - C/RBWV - BTNR, CCNR, Jurong Lake, P. Ubin, Sentosa
• Northern boobook (Ninox japonica) - VR/V - Tuas (Nov2014)
• Short-eared owl (Asio flammeus) - VR/V - Changi, Marina East

Order Caprimulgiformes (nightjars and relatives)

Family Caprimulgidae (nightjars)

• Malaysian eared nightjar (Eurostopodus temminckii) - VR/R - BBNP, CCNR
• Grey nightjar (Caprimulgus indicus) - R/WVPM - Bidadari, CCNR, Changi, Jurong Lake, SBWR, TBHP
• Large-tailed nightjar (Caprimulgus macrurus) - C/RB - woodlands
• Savanna nightjar (Caprimulgus affinis) - U/RB -grasslands: Changi, Halus, Neo Tiew, P. Ubin, Tuas, Punggol

Order Apodiformes (swifts)

Family Hemiprocnidae (treeswifts)

• Grey-rumped treeswift (Hemiprocne longipennis) - C/RB - Bidadari, Bishan Park, BBNP, CCNR, KRP, Mandai, SBG, TBHP
• Whiskered treeswift (Hemiprocne comata) - VR/NBV - BTNR, CCNR

Family Apodidae (true swifts)

• Glossy swiftlet (Collocalia esculenta) - R/R - BBNP, BTNR, CCNR
• Black-nest swiftlet (Aerodramus maxima) - C/RB - islandwide, including offshore islands
• Edible-nest swiftlet (Aerodramus fuciphagus) - C/RB - islandwide, including offshore islands
• Silver-rumped spinetail (Rhaphidura leucopygialis) - VR/NBV - CCNR, Changi, Poyan
• White-throated needletail (Hirundapus caudacutus) - VR/PM - BTNR (2008)
• Silver-backed needletail (Hirundapus cochinchinensis) - U/WVPM - BTNR, CCNR, DFNP
• Brown-backed needletail (Hirundapus giganteus) - U/WVPM - BTNR, CCNR, P. Ubin
• Asian palm swift (Cypsiurus balasiensis) - U/RB - BTNR, CCKC, CCNR, Halus, KRP, Poyan, P. Ubin
• Fork-tailed swift (Apus pacificus) - U/WVPM - BTNR, CCNR, KRP, P. Ubin, Singapore Strait, Tuas
• House swift (Apus nipalensis) - C/RB - Buangkok, Changi, DFNP, Halus, P. Punggol, P. Ubin, Tuas

Order Coraciiformes (kingfishers and relatives)

Family Coraciidae (rollers)

• Dollarbird (Eurystomus orientalis) - C/RBWV - woodlands

Family Alcedinidae (kingfishers)

• Rufous-collared kingfisher (Actenoides concretus) - Ex/RB
• Stork-billed kingfisher (Pelargopsis capensis) - U/RB - water edges
• Ruddy kingfisher (Halcyon coromanda) - R/RBWV - RB: P. Tekong. WV: Bidadari, CCNR, City, DFNP, Fort Canning, Jurong Lake, P. Ubin, SBG, SBWR, Venus Drive
• White-throated kingfisher (Halcyon smyrnensis) - C/RB - water edges
• Black-capped kingfisher (Halcyon pileata) - U/WV - Bidadari, CCNR, Changi, Halus, Jurong Lake, NTL, PRP, SBWR, S. Serangoon, Tuas
• Collared kingfisher (Todirhamphus chloris) - C/RB - water edges
• Blue-eared kingfisher (Alcedo meninting) - R/RB - BBNP, CCNR, Hindhede, NTL, Poyan, P. Ubin, SBWR
• Common kingfisher (Alcedo atthis) - C/WV - water edges
• Black-backed kingfisher (Ceyx erithacus) - R/WV - Bidadari, BTNR, CCNR, SBWR, Tuas
• Rufous-backed kingfisher (Ceyx rufidorsa) - Ex/RB

Family Meropidae (bee-eaters)

• Blue-tailed bee-eater (Merops philippinus) - C/WV - islandwide (including offshore islands)
• Blue-throated bee-eater (Merops viridis) - C/MB - islandwide (including offshore islands)

Family Phoeniculidae (wood-hoopoes)

• Green wood hoopoe (Phoeniculus purpureus) - VR/F - Pioneer Circus

Family Bucerotidae (hornbills)

• Oriental pied hornbill (Anthracoceros albirostris) - U/RB - Bidadari, CCNR, Changi Village, P. Ubin, PRP, SBWR, St. John Is.

Order Trogoniformes (trogons)

Family Trogonidae (trogons)

• Red-naped trogon (Harpactes kasumba) - Ex/RB
• Diard's trogon (Harpactes diardii) - Ex/RB

Order Piciformes (woodpeckers and relatives)

Family Megalaimidae (barbets)

• Lineated barbet (Megalaima lineata) - U/IRB - Bidadari, BBNP, BTNR, CCNR, Jurong Eco Garden, Jurong Lake, KRP, NTL, Poyan
• Red-crowned barbet (Megalaima rafflesii) - U/RB - BBNP, BTNR, CCNR, Poyan
• Coppersmith barbet (Megalaima haemacephala) - C/RB - woodlands
• Blue-eared barbet (Megalaima australis) - Ex/RB
• Brown barbet (Caloramphus fuliginosus) - Ex/RB

Family Picidae (woodpeckers)

• Sunda woodpecker (Dendrocopus moluccensis) - C/RB - parks
• White-bellied woodpecker (Dryocopus javensis) - Ex/R - CCNR
• Banded woodpecker (Picus miniaceus) - C/RB - forests
• Crimson-winged woodpecker (Picus puniceus) - Ex/RB
• Checker-throated woodpecker (Picus mentalis) - Ex/RB
• Laced woodpecker (Picus vittatus) - C/RB - woodlands
• Olive-backed woodpecker (Dinopium rafflesii) - Ex/RB
• Common goldenback (Dinopium javanense) - C/RB - woodlands
• Rufous woodpecker (Celeus brachyurus) - U/RB - woodlands
• Buff-rumped woodpecker (Meiglyptes tristis) - Ex/RB, VR/NBV - CCNR
• Buff-necked woodpecker (Meiglyptes tukki) - Ex/RB
• Greater flameback (Chrysocolaptes lucidus) - Ex/RB
• Maroon woodpecker (Blythipicus rubiginosus) - Ex/RB
• Orange-backed woodpecker (Reinwardtipicus validus) - Ex/RB
• Grey-and-buff woodpecker (Hemicircus concretus) - Ex/RB
• Great slaty woodpecker (Mulleripicus pulverulentus) - Ex/R

Order Passeriformes (perching birds)

Family Pittidae (pittas)

• Garnet pitta (Pitta granatina) - Ex/RB
• Hooded pitta (Pitta sordida) - U/WVPM - Bidadari, BTNR, CCNR, Jurong Lake, SBG, WCP
• Blue-winged pitta (Pitta moluccensis) - U/WVPM - Bidadari, BBNP, BTNR, CCNR, Jurong Is., Jurong Lake, Poyan, SBG, Sembawang Park, WCP, Kranji Nature Trail
• Mangrove pitta (Pitta megarhyncha) - R/RB - PRP, P. Ubin, P. Tekong, SBG, SBWR

Family Eurylaimidae (broadbills)

• Black-and-red broadbill (Cymbirhynchus macrorhynchos) - Ex/RB, VR/NBV - P. Ubin
• Black-and-yellow broadbill (Eurylaimus ochromalus) - Ex/RB
• Banded broadbill (Eurylaimus javanicus) - Ex/RB
• Green broadbill (Calyptomena viridis) - Ex/RB, Indeterminate - East Coast Park (Nov2014)
• Dusky broadbill (Corydon sumatranus) - Ex/RB

Family Acanthizidae (gerygones and relatives)

• Golden-bellied gerygone (Gerygone sulphurea) - C/RB - woodlands

Family Pachycephalidae (whistlers and relatives)

• Mangrove whistler (Pachycephala grisola) - R/RB - Changi, Halus, P. Hantu, P. Semakau, P. Ubin, SBWR

Family Dicruridae (drongos)

• Black drongo (Dicrurus macrocercus) - U/WVPM - Changi, Halus, NTL, P. Punggol, Poyan, Punggol, SBWR, Seletar, Tuas
• Ashy drongo (Dicrurus leucophaeus) - R/WV - Bidadari, BBNP, CCNR, Mt. Faber, P. Semakau, SBG
• Crow-billed drongo (Dicrurus annectans) - U/WVPM - Bidadari, CCNR, Changi, Fort Canning, Halus, Mt. Faber, NTL, P. Ubin, SBG, SBWR, St. John Is.
• Greater racket-tailed drongo (Dicrurus paradiseus) - C/RB - forests
• Bronzed drongo (Dicrurus aeneus) - Ex/RB

Family Rhipiduridae (fantails)

• Pied fantail (Rhipidura javanica) - C/RB - woodlands, mangroves

Family Monarchidae (monarchs, paradise flycatchers)

• Black-naped monarch (Hypothymis azurea) - VR/R - P. Tekong, P. Ubin
• Asian paradise flycatcher (Terpsiphone paradisi) - C/WVPM - forests, woodlands
• Japanese paradise flycatcher (Terpsiphone atrocaudata) - R/PM - Bidadari, Bishan Park, BTNR, CCNR, P. Hantu, SBWR

Family Prionopidae (helmetshrikes and relatives)

• Large woodshrike (Tephrodornis gularis) - Ex/RB
• Maroon-breasted philentoma (Philentoma velatum) - Ex/RB
• Rufous-winged philentoma (Philentoma pyrhopterum) - Ex/RB

Family Campephagidae (cuckooshrikes, trillers, minivets and relatives)

• Lesser cuckooshrike (Coracina fimbriata) - VR/R - BTNR, CCNR
• Bar-bellied cuckooshrike (Coracina striata) - Ex/RB
• Black-winged cuckooshrike (Coracina melaschistos) - Indeterminate - Japanese Garden (Nov2014)
• Pied triller (Lalage nigra) - C/RB - woodlands
• Ashy minivet (Pericrocotus divaricatus) - C/WVPM - woodlands
• Scarlet minivet (Pericrocotus flammeus) - Ex/R - BTNR
• Fiery minivet (Pericrocotus cinnamomeus) - Ex/RB

Family Oriolidae (Old World orioles)

• Black-naped oriole (Oriolus chinensis) - C/RBWV - parks, woodlands, mangroves
• Dark-throated oriole (Oriolus xanthonotus) - Ex/RB

Family Corvidae (crows and relatives)

• House crow (Corvus splendens) - VC/IRB - urban areas
• Large-billed crow (Corvus macrorhynchos) - C/RB - forests
• Red-billed blue magpie (Urocissa erythrorhyncha) - R/I - Mt. Faber, KRP, SBWR

Family Irenidae (fairy bluebirds)

• Asian fairy bluebird (Irena puella) - C/RB - BBNP, BBC, BTNR, CCNR

Family Chloropseidae (leafbirds)

• Greater green leafbird (Chloropsis sonnerati) - U/RB - BTNR, CCNR
• Lesser green leafbird (Chloropsis cyanopogon) - R/RB - BTNR, CCNR
• Blue-winged leafbird (Chloropsis cochinchinensis) - C/RB - BTNR, CCNR

Family Laniidae (shrikes)

• Brown shrike (Lanius cristatus) - C/WVPM - grasslands, woodlands
• Long-tailed shrike (Lanius schach) - C/RB - grasslands
• Tiger shrike (Lanius tigrinus) - C/WVPM - woodlands

Family Aegithinidae (ioras)

• Common iora (Aegithina tiphia) - C/RB - woodlands
• Green iora (Aegithina viridissima) - Ex/RB

Family Turdidae (thrushes)

• Orange-headed thrush (Zoothera citrina) - R/WV - Bidadari, BTNR, CCNR, SBG, WCP
• Siberian thrush (Zoothera sibirica) - R/PM - Bidadari, BTNR, CCNR, KRP, Jurong Lake, Sentosa
• Eyebrowed thrush (Turdus obscurus) - R/WVPM - Bidadari, BTNR, CCNR, P. Ubin, TBHP, Tuas

Family Muscicapidae (Old World flycatchers)

• Siberian blue robin (Luscinia cyane) - U/WVPM - Bidadari, BTNR, CCNR, P. Ubin, SBG, SBWR
• Oriental magpie robin (Copsychus saularis) - U/RB - woodlands
• White-rumped shama (Copsychus malabaricus) - R/RB - BBNP, BTNR, CCNR, DFNP, Mt. Faber, Poyan, P. Tekong, P. Ubin, SBWR
• Daurian redstart (Phoenicurus auroreus) - VR/I - SBTB (2013)
• Siberian stonechat (Saxicola maura) - R/WVPM - Changi, Halus, Poyan, P. Punggol, Tuas, Warren, Marina South, Punggol
• Blue rock thrush (Monticola solitarius) - VR/PM - BTNR, Cantonment Road (2010)
• White-throated rock thrush (Monticola gularis) - VR/WVPM - BTNR
• Brown-chested jungle-flycatcher (Rhinomyias brunneatus) - R/WVPM - BBNP, Bidadari, BTNR, CCNR, SBWR, Tuas
• Grey-streaked flycatcher (Muscicapa griseisticta) - VR/PM
• Dark-sided flycatcher (Muscicapa sibirica) - U/WVPM - Bidadari, BBNP, BTNR, CCNR, NTL, SBG
• Asian brown flycatcher (Muscicapa dauurica) - C/WVPM - woodlands
• Brown-streaked flycatcher (Muscicapa williamsoni) - R/WVPM - BBNP, Bidadari, CCNR, Jurong Lake, Mt. Faber
• Ferruginous flycatcher (Muscicapa ferruginea) - U/WVPM - Bidadari, CCNR, Jurong Lake, SBG
• Yellow-rumped flycatcher (Ficedula zanthopygia) - C/PM - woodlands, forests
• Green-backed flycatcher (Ficedula elisae) - R/WVPM - Bidadari, Bishan Park, CCNR, KRP, Khatib Bongsu, Marina South
• Mugimaki flycatcher (Ficedula mugimaki) - U/PM - AMKTGW, Bidadari, BBNP, BTNR, CCNR, Jurong Lake, KRP, Mt. Faber, Tuas
• Blue-and-white flycatcher (Cyanoptila cyanomelana) - R/PM - Bidadari, BBNP, BTNR, CCNR, Jurong Lake, KRP, SBG, TEG
• Chinese blue flycatcher (Cyornis glaucicomans) - VR/PM - Bidadari (2013), SBWR (1997)
• Mangrove blue flycatcher (Cyornis rufigastra) - VR/RB - P. Tekong, P. Ubin, SBWR

Family Sturnidae (starlings, mynas, oxpeckers)

• Asian glossy starling (Aplonis panayensis) - VC/RB - islandwide
• Common hill myna (Gracula religiosa) - C/RB - AMKTGW, Bidadari, BBNP, BTNR, CCNR, Mt. Faber, Poyan, P. Ubin, SBG
• Crested myna (Acridotheres cristatellus) - Ex/IRB
• Javan myna (Acridotheres javanicus) - VC/IRB - islandwide (including offshore islands)
• Common myna (Acridotheres tristis) - C/RB - islandwide (including offshore islands)
• Purple-backed starling (Sturnus sturninus) - VC/WVPM - woodlands
• Chestnut-cheeked starling (Sturnus philippensis) - VR/V - Bidadari (2014), Loyang (1987)
• White-shouldered starling (Sturnus sinensis) - U/WVPM - Changi, KRP, Halus, Punggol, Tuas
• Black-winged starling (Sturnus melanopterus) - Ex/IRB
• Vinous-breasted starling (Sturnus burmannicus) - VR/I - PRP
• Rosy starling (Sturnus roseus) - R/WV - Changi, Halus, Jurong Is., Jurong Lake, KRP, St John Is., Tuas
• Black-collared starling (Sturnus nigricollis) - VR/I - Changi, Kranji Dam, SBWR
• Brahminy starling (Sturnus pagodarum) - VR/I - Bidadari, Marina South
• Asian pied starling (Sturnus contra) - VR/I - Changi, NTL
• Red-winged starling (Onychognathus morio) - VR/I - Jurong Lake

Family Hirundinidae (swallows)

• Sand martin (Riparia riparia) - U/WVPM - BTNR, CCNR, Changi, Halus, Kranji Marsh, LSD, NTL, P. Punggol
• Barn swallow (Hirundo rustica) - VC/WVPM - islandwide (including offshore islands)
• Pacific swallow (Hirundo tahitica) - C/RB - islandwide (including offshore islands)
• Asian house martin (Delichon dasypus) - R/PM - BTNR, CCNR, Changi, NTL
• Red-rumped swallow (Hirundo daurica) - U/WVPM - BTNR, CCKC, CCNR, Changi, Halus, LSD, Poyan, Punggol, TEG, Tuas

Family Pycnonotidae (bulbuls)

• Straw-headed bulbul (Pycnonotus zeylanicus) - U/RB - BBC, BBNP, BTNR, Choa Chu Kang, CCNR, DFNP, NTL, Poyan, Pulau Ubin
• Black-and-white bulbul (Pycnonotus melanoleucus) - VR/NBV (2012) - CCNR
• Black-headed bulbul (Pycnonotus atriceps) - R/RB - BBC, BTNR, CCNR, P. Ubin, PRP
• Black-crested bulbul (Pycnonotus melanicterus) - R/IR - BTNR
• Red-whiskered bulbul (Pycnonotus jocosus) - U/IRB - Changi, Halus, Jurong Lake, Marina East, Poyan, P. Punggol, P. Ubin, Saddle Club, SBG, Sungei Serangoon
• Sooty-headed bulbul (Pycnonotus aurigaster) - U/IRB - Halus, PRP, Punggol, S. Serangoon, TEG
• Yellow-vented bulbul (Pycnonotus goiavier) - VC/RB - parks
• Olive-winged bulbul (Pycnonotus plumosus) - C/RB - BTNR, CCNR, DFNP, P. Hantu, P. Ubin, PRP, SBG, SBWR
• Cream-vented bulbul (Pycnonotus simplex) - U/RB - BTNR, CCNR
• Red-eyed bulbul (Pycnonotus brunneus) - U/RB - BBNP, BTNR, CCNR
• Spectacled bulbul (Pycnonotus erythropthalmos) - Ex/RB
• Grey-bellied bulbul (Pycnonotus cyaniventris) - Ex/RB
• Yellow-bellied bulbul (Alophoixus phaeocephalus) - Ex/RB
• Buff-vented bulbul (Iole olivacea) - VR/NBV - BTNR
• Streaked bulbul (Ixos malaccensis) - R/NBV - BBNP, BTNR, Central Catchment, Changi Village, KRP, SBWR, Tuas
• Cinereous bulbul (Hemixos cinereus) - U/NBV - Bidadari, BBNP, BTNR, CCNR, Jurong Lake, KRP, Lazarus Island, NTL, P. Ubin, SBTB, SBWR, Tuas, Marina South

Family Phylloscopidae (leaf warblers)

• Dusky warbler (Phylloscopus fuscatus) - VR/PM - Tuas
• Yellow-browed warbler (Phylloscopus inornatus) - R/WVPM - BBNP, BTNR, Bidadari, CCNR, DFNP, Mt. Faber, P. Hantu
• Arctic warbler (Phylloscopus borealis) - C/WVPM - parks, woodlands
• Sakhalin leaf warbler (Phylloscopus borealoides) - VR/WV - DFNP
• Eastern crowned warbler (Phylloscopus coronatus) - U/WV - Bidadari, BTNR, CCNR, Changi, PRP, SBWR

Family Acrocephalidae (reed warblers)

• Oriental reed-warbler (Acrocephalus orientalis) - C/WV - marshes, woodlands near water
• Black-browed reed-warbler (Acrocephalus bistrigiceps) - U/WV - Changi, Halus, Jurong Lake, Kranji Marsh, NTL, Punggol, SFW, SBWR, Tuas, Marina South

Family Locustellidae (grass warblers)

• Lanceolated warbler (Locustella lanceolata) - R/WVPM - Marina East, NTL, P. Punggol, Punggol, Sengkang, Tuas
• Pallas's grasshopper warbler (Locustella certhiola) - U/WVPM - Changi, Halus, SFW, Tuas

Family Cisticolidae (cisticolas and allies)

• Zitting cisticola (Cisticola juncidis) - C/RB - grasslands
• Yellow-bellied prinia (Prinia flaviventris) - C/RB - grasslands
• Common tailorbird (Orthotomus sutorius) - C/RB - scrubby areas
• Dark-necked tailorbird (Orthotomus atrogularis) - C/RB - forests
• Rufous-tailed tailorbird (Orthotomus sericeus) - U/RB - forests
• Ashy tailorbird (Orthotomus ruficeps) - C/RB - mangroves

Family Timaliidae (Old World babblers)

• Black-capped babbler (Pellorneum capistratum) - Ex/RB
• Chestnut-winged babbler (Stachyris erythroptera) - U/RB - CCNR
• Pin-striped tit-babbler (Macronous gularis) - C/RB - forested areas
• Abbott's babbler (Malacocincla abbotti) - U/RB - BTNR, CCNR, P. Ubin, Sentosa, SBWR
• Short-tailed babbler (Malacocincla malaccensis) - C/RB - BTNR, CCNR
• White-chested babbler (Trichastoma rostratum) - R/RB - CCNR, Kranji Marsh, P. Tekong, P. Ubin, SBWR
• Moustached babbler (Malacopteron magnirostre) - Ex/RB - CCNR
• Chinese hwamei (Garrulax canorus) - R/IRB - Bt. Gombak, Sentosa, KRP, Mt. Faber
• White-crested laughingthrush (Garrulax leucolophus) - C/IRB - woodlands
• Greater necklaced laughingthrush (Garrulax pectoralis) - VR/I - Mt. Faber
• Black-throated laughingthrush (Garrulax chinensis) - VR/I - Mt. Faber

Family Zosteropidae (white-eyes)

• Oriental white-eye (Zosterops palpebrosus) - U/rIRB - woodlands

Family Dicaeidae (flowerpeckers)

• Thick-billed flowerpecker (Dicaeum agile) - VR/NBV - BBNP, BTNR, CCNR
• Yellow-vented flowerpecker (Dicaeum chrysorrheum) - VR/R - BBNP, BTNR, CCNR
• Orange-bellied flowerpecker (Dicaeum trigonostigma) - C/RB - forests
• Scarlet-backed flowerpecker (Dicaeum cruentatum) - C/RB - parks
• Plain flowerpecker (Dicaeum concolor) - Ex/RB
• Yellow-breasted flowerpecker (Prionochilus maculatus) - Ex/RB

Family Nectariniidae (sunbirds and spiderhunters)

• Plain sunbird (Anthreptes simplex) - VR/R - CCNR
• Brown-throated sunbird (Anthreptes malacensis) - C/RB - parks
• Purple-throated sunbird (Leptocoma sperata) - C/RB - BBNP, BTNR, CCNR, P. Ubin
• Copper-throated sunbird (Leptocoma calcostetha) - U/RB - BBNP, P. Ubin, SBWR
• Olive-backed sunbird (Cinnyris jugularis) - VC/RB - parks
• Crimson sunbird (Aethopyga siparaja) - C/RB - parks, forests
• Purple-naped sunbird (Hypogramma hypogrammicum) - Ex/RB
• Little spiderhunter (Arachnothera longirostra) - U/RB - BBNP, BTNR, CCNR, DFNP, Mandai, P. Ubin
• Thick-billed spiderhunter (Arachnothera crassirostris) - VR/R - BTNR, CCNR
• Yellow-eared spiderhunter (Arachnothera chrysogenys) - VR/R - BTNR, CCNR, P. Tekong, P. Ubin
• Grey-breasted spiderhunter (Arachnothera modesta) - Ex/RB
• Spectacled spiderhunter (Arachnothera flavigaster) - Ex/RB

Family Motacillidae (wagtails, pipits and relatives)

• Forest wagtail (Dendronanthus indicus) - U/WVPM - forest edges: Bidadari, BTNR, CCNR, Mandai, P. Ubin, Simpang, SBWR
• Yellow wagtail (Motacilla flava) - C/WV - Bidadari, Changi, Halus, LSD, NTL, P. Punggol, P. Ubin, Punggol
• Citrine wagtail (Motacilla citreola) - VR/WV - Punggol, Serangoon, Tuas
• Grey wagtail (Motacilla cinerea) - U/WVPM - Admiralty Park, Bedok, Bishan, Bt Batok, BTNR, Buona Vista, CCNR, Changi, Jurong Lake, Punggol, P. Ubin, Simpang
• White wagtail (Motacilla alba) - R/WV - BBC, Bishan, Buona Vista, Changi, P. Punggol, Punggol, SBG, TEG
• Paddyfield pipit (Anthus rufulus) - C/RB - urban areas
• Olive-backed pipit (Anthus hodgsoni) - VR/PM - Bidadari (2010)
• Red-throated pipit (Anthus cervinus) - R/WV - Changi, P. Punggol, Tuas

Family Ploceidae (weavers and relatives)

• Streaked weaver (Ploceus manyar) - R/IRB - Halus, SBWR, Khatib Bongsu, Sg. Serangoon
• Baya weaver (Ploceus philippinus) - C/RB - grasslands
• Asian golden weaver (Ploceus hypoxanthus) - VR/I - TEG
• Vitelline masked weaver (Ploceus vitellinus) - VR/I - Halus
• Golden-backed weaver (Ploceus jacksoni) - U/I - Halus, NTL
• Golden bishop (Euplectes afer) - R/I - Changi, P. Punggol, Tuas, Jurong West
• Southern red bishop (Euplectes orix) - R/I - P. Punggol, Marina East
• Zanzibar red bishop (Euplectes nigroventris) - R/I - Halus, TEG
• Red-headed quelea (Quelea erythrops) - VR/I - Halus, NTL

Family Estrildidae (estrildid finches)

• Blue waxbill (Uraeginthus angolensis) - R/I
• Red-cheeked cordon-bleu (Uraeginthus bengalus) - R/I
• Orange-cheeked waxbill (Estrilda melpoda) - R/I - Jurong Lake, S. Pandan, SBTB
• Crimson-rumped waxbill (Estrilda rhodopyga) - U/I - Halus
• Black-rumped waxbill (Estrilda troglodytes) - R/I - Halus, S. Pandan
• Common waxbill (Estrilda astrild) - U/I - Halus, Jurong Lake, P. Punggol, S. Pandan
• Orange-breasted waxbill (Amandava subflava) - R/I - Halus, P. Punggol, Tuas
• Indian silverbill (Lonchura malabarica) - VR/I - Changi
• Red avadavat (Amandava amandava) - U/IRB - Bishan Park, Changi, Halus, NTL, Tuas, Marina South, Punggol
• White-rumped munia (Lonchura striata) - R/RB - BTNR, CCNR, DFNP, Halus, NTL, P. Tekong, P. Ubin, SBWR, Sentosa, Tuas
• Javan munia (Lonchura leucogastroides) - U/IRB - Bidadari, Halus, Hort Park, Marina East, Murai, SBTB, SBWR
• Bronze munia (Lonchura cucullata) - R/I - Bishan Park, Halus
• Red-backed munia (Lonchura nigriceps) - R/I - Halus, SBG, SBWR
• Scaly-breasted munia (Lonchura punctulata) - C/RB - grasslands
• White-capped munia (Lonchura ferruginosa) - VR/I - Punggol
• Black-headed munia (Lonchura malacca) - C/RB - grasslands
• White-headed munia (Lonchura maja) - C/RB - grasslands
• Java sparrow (Padda oryzivora) - Ex/IRB - Halus, P. Ubin

Family Viduidae (indigobirds and whydahs)

• Pin-tailed whydah (Vidua macroura) - R/I - Changi, P. Punggol

Family Fringillidae (true finches)

• Yellow-fronted canary (Serinus mozambicus) - U/I - Changi, Halus, Jurong Lake, Marina East, Mt. Faber, P. Punggol, Serangoon Reservoir, Marina East, Marina South, Punggol
• White-rumped seedeater (Serinus leucopygius) - R/I - Halus, Punggol
• Black-throated canary (Serinus atrogularis) - R/I - Bishan Park, P. Punggol

Family Emberizidae (buntings and relatives)

• Yellow-breasted bunting (Emberiza aureola) - VR/WV - Marina East

Family Passeridae (Old World sparrows)

• House sparrow (Passer domesticus) - R/IRB - Jurong Is., Pasir Panjang
• Eurasian tree sparrow (Passer montanus) - VC/RB - urban areas

See also

• List of Singapore mammals
• List of Singapore reptiles
• List of Singapore amphibians

References

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