List of artificial intelligence projects
The following is a list of current and past, nonclassified notable artificial intelligence projects.
Specialized projects
Brain-inspired
- Blue Brain Project, an attempt to create a synthetic brain by reverse-engineering the mammalian brain down to the molecular level.
- Google Brain A deep learning project part of Google X attempting to mimic human-level intelligence.
- NuPIC, an open source implementation by Numenta of its cortical learning algorithm.
Cognitive architectures
- 4CAPS, developed at Carnegie Mellon University under Marcel A. Just
- ACT-R, developed at Carnegie Mellon University under John R. Anderson.
- AIXI, Universal Artificial Intelligence developed by Marcus Hutter at IDSIA and ANU.
- CALO, a DARPA-funded, 25-institution effort to integrate many artificial intelligence approaches (natural language processing, speech recognition, machine vision, probabilistic logic, planning, reasoning, many forms of machine learning) into an AI assistant that learns to help manage your office environment.
- CHREST, developed under Fernand Gobet at Brunel University and Peter C. Lane at the University of Hertfordshire.
- CLARION the cognitive architecture, developed under Ron Sun at Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute and University of Missouri.
- CoJACK, an ACT-R inspired extension to the JACK multi-agent system that adds a cognitive architecture to the agents for eliciting more realistic (human-like) behaviors in virtual environments.
- Copycat, by Douglas Hofstadter and Melanie Mitchell at the Indiana University.
- DUAL, developed at the New Bulgarian University under Boicho Kokinov.
- EPIC, developed under David E. Kieras and David E. Meyer at the University of Michigan.
- The H-Cogaff architecture, which is a special case of the CogAff schema; see Taylor & Sayda, and Sloman refs below.
- FORR developed by Susan L. Epstein at The City University of New York.
- IDA and LIDA, implementing Global Workspace Theory, developed under Stan Franklin at the University of Memphis.
- OpenCog Prime, developed using the OpenCog Framework.
- PreAct, developed at ASI.
- Procedural Reasoning System (PRS), developed by Michael Georgeff and Amy L. Lansky at SRI International.
- Psi-Theory developed under Dietrich Dörner at the Otto-Friedrich University in Bamberg, Germany.
- R-CAST, developed at the Pennsylvania State University.
- Soar, developed under Allen Newell and John Laird at Carnegie Mellon University and the University of Michigan.
- Society of mind and its successor the Emotion machine proposed by Marvin Minsky.
- Subsumption architectures, developed e.g. by Rodney Brooks (though it could be argued whether they are cognitive).
Games
- Chinook, a computer program that plays English draughts; the first to win the world champion title in the competition against humans.
- Deep Blue, a chess-playing computer developed by IBM which beat Garry Kasparov in 1997.
- Stockfish AI, an open source chess engine currently ranked the highest in many computer chess rankings.
- FreeHAL, a self-learning conversation simulator (chatterbot) which uses semantic nets to organize its knowledge to imitate a very close human behavior within conversations.
- TD-Gammon, a program that learned to play world-class backgammon partly by playing against itself (temporal difference learning with neural networks).
Knowledge and reasoning
- Braina, an intelligent personal assistant application with a voice interface for Windows OS.
- Cyc, an attempt to assemble an ontology and database of everyday knowledge, enabling human-like reasoning.
- Eurisko, a language by Douglas Lenat for solving problems which consists of heuristics, including some for how to use and change its heuristics.
- Google Now, an intelligent personal assistant with a voice interface in Google's Android and Apple Inc.'s iOS, as well as Google Chrome web browser on personal computers.
- Microsoft Cortana, an intelligent personal assistant with a voice interface in Microsoft's Windows Phone 8.1.
- Mycin, an early medical expert system.
- Open Mind Common Sense, a project based at the MIT Media Lab to build a large common sense knowledge base from online contributions.
- P.A.N., a publicly available text analyzer.
- Siri, an intelligent personal assistant and knowledge navigator with a voice-interface in Apple Inc.'s iOS.
- SNePS, a simultaneously a logic-based, frame-based, and network-based knowledge representation, reasoning, and acting system.
- Watson, a question answering system developed by IBM. Has played the Jeopardy! game show.
- Wolfram Alpha, an online service that answers queries by computing the answer from structured data.
Motion and manipulation
- Cog, a robot developed by MIT to study theories of cognitive science and artificial intelligence, now discontinued.
- AIBO, the robot pet for the home, grew out of Sony's Computer Science Laboratory (CSL).
Music
- Melomics, a bioinspired technology for music composition and synthetisation of music, where computers do not mimic musicians, but develop their own style.
Natural language processing
- AIML, an XML dialect for creating natural language software agents.
- Artificial Linguistic Internet Computer Entity (A.L.I.C.E.), an award-winning natural language processing chatterbot.
- Cleverbot,successor to Jabberwacky, now with 170m lines of conversation, Deep Context, fuzziness and parallel processing.Cleverbot learns from around 2 million user interactions per month.
- ELIZA, a famous 1966 computer program by Joseph Weizenbaum, which parodied person-centered therapy.
- InfoTame, a text analysis search engine originally developed by the KGB for sorting communications intercepts.
- Jabberwacky, a chatterbot by Rollo Carpenter, aiming to simulate a natural human chat.
- PARRY, another early chatterbot, written in 1972 by Kenneth Colby, attempting to simulate a paranoid schizophrenic.
- SHRDLU, an early natural language processing computer program developed by Terry Winograd at MIT from 1968 to 1970.
- SYSTRAN, a machine translation technology by a company of the same name, used by Yahoo!, AltaVista and Google, among others.
Other
- Synthetic Environment for Analysis and Simulations (SEAS), a model of the real world used by Homeland security and the United States Department of Defense that uses simulation and AI to predict and evaluate future events and courses of action.[1]
Multipurpose projects
Software packages
- Apache Mahout, a library of scalable machine learning algorithms.
- Deeplearning4j, an open-source, distributed deep learning framework written for the JVM. It integrates with Hadoop/YARN and GPUs, and also spins up a standalone distributed system. DL4J implements deep-belief nets, deep autoencoders, convolutional nets, word2vec and recursive neural tensor networks.
- Encog, a neural network and artificial intelligence framework available for Java, .Net, and Silverlight.
- Neuroph, a Java neural network framework.
- OpenCog, a GPL-licensed framework for machine learning, genetic programming, probabilistic reasoning, natural language processing and virtual world embodiment, written in C++, Python and Scheme.
- OpenNN, a comprehensive C++ library implementing neural networks.
- RapidMiner, an environment for machine learning and data mining, developed by the Dortmund University of Technology.
- Weka, a free implementation of many machine learning algorithms in Java.
Cloud services
- Data Applied, a web based data mining environment.
- Grok, a service that ingests data streams and creates actionable predictions in real time.
- Watson, a pilot service by IBM to uncover and share data-driven insights, and to spur cognitive applications.
See also
- Comparison of cognitive architectures
- Applications of artificial intelligence
- Progress in artificial intelligence
References
- ↑ The Register article Sentient world: war games on the grandest scale published 23 June 2007