List of aircraft of the Portuguese Air Force
This list of aircraft of the Portuguese Air Force also includes aircraft that were operated by the Portuguese Army and Portuguese Navy aviation services, prior to the creation of the Air Force in 1952.
Aircraft inventory
Army Aviation
The Army's Aeronáutica Militar was the first military aviation service created in Portugal and much of the Portuguese aviation origins date back to it.
| Aircraft | Qty | In service | Retired | Origin | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Maurice Farman Type 1911-1912 | 1 | 1912 | 1916 |  France | |
| Deperdussin Type B | 1 | 1912 | 1916 | France | |
| Maurice Farman MF-11 | 3 | 1912 | 1917 | France | |
| Farman F.40 | 5 | 1916 | 1920 | France | |
| Morane-Saulnier Type H | 1 | 1916 | ? | France | |
| Caudron G.III | 58 | 1916 | ? | France Portugal | 50 built from 1922 at Alverca |
| Nieuport Ni-83 | 7 | 1917 | ? | France | |
| Caudron G.IV | 9 | 1918 | 1923 | France | |
| Breguet 14A-2 | 28 | 1919 | ? | France | |
| Breguet 14T-2 | 1 | ||||
| SPAD SVII-C1 | 12 | 1919 | 1935 | France | More units possibly received |
| Martinsyde F-4 Buzzard | 4 | 1919 | 1933 |  United Kingdom | |
| Nieuport Ni-21 | 8 | 1920 | ? | France | |
| Nieuport Ni-80 | 3 | 1920 | ? | France | |
| Breguet 16Bn-2 | 1 | 1921 | ? | France | |
| Vickers Valparaiso II | 4 | 1923 | 1933 | United Kingdom | |
| Vickers Valparaiso I | 10 | 1924 | |||
| Caudron C.59 | 1 | 1924 | ? | France | |
| Fairey IIID | 1 | 1924 | 1925 | United Kingdom | |
| Avro 548 AX Airdisco | 2 | 1924 | 1933 | United Kingdom | |
| Avro 504K | 27 | 1924 | 1937 | United Kingdom | |
| Dornier Wal | 1 | 1927 | ? |  Germany | |
| Potez 25 Bidon | 1 | 1928 | 1937 | France | |
| Potez 25A-2 | 35 | 1931 | 1943 | ||
| Junkers W 34L | 1 | 1928 | 1936 | Germany | |
| Farman F-191 | 1 | 1929 | 1934 | France | |
| Morane-Saulnier MS.130 | 1 | 1931 | ? | France | |
| Morane-Saulnier MS.133 | 4 | 1931 | ? | France | |
| Morane-Saulnier MS.233 | 15 | 1931 | ? | France | Built under license |
| Junkers A-50Ce Junior | 1 | 1931 | 1940 | Germany | |
| Vickers Valparaiso III | 13 | 1933 | 1943 | United Kingdom | Built under license |
| de Havilland DH-82 Tiger Moth | 11 | 1934 | 1952 | United Kingdom Portugal | Small number of airframes built under license in Alverca; Transferred to PoAF |
| de Havilland DH-82A Tiger Moth | 9 | ||||
| de Havilland DH-85 Leopard Moth | 1 | 1934 | ? | United Kingdom | Aircraft named "Dilly", did Lisbon-Timor-Macau-India-Lisbon flight on December 25, 1934 |
| Avro 631 Cadet | 1 | 1934 | 1952 | United Kingdom | |
| Caproni Ca-100 Caproncino | 1 | 1934 | 1940 |  Italy | |
| Caproni Ca-113 Farfalla | 1 | 1934 | 1939 | Italy | |
| Hawker Fury I | 3 | 1934 | 1945 | United Kingdom | |
| Avro 626 Tutor | 31 | 1936 | 1952 | United Kingdom | |
| Junkers Ju 52 | 12 | 1936 | 1952 | Germany | Transferred to PoAF[1][2] |
| Junkers Ju 52/3 mg3e | |||||
| de Havilland DH-84 Dragon | 3 | 1937 | ? | United Kingdom | |
| Hawker Hind | 4 | 1937 | ? | United Kingdom | |
| de Havilland DH-88 Comet | 1 | 1937 | ? | United Kingdom | Reregistered CS-AAJ Salazar |
| Junkers Ju 86K-7 | 10 | 1938 | 1948 | Germany | |
| Gloster Gladiator II | 30 | 1938 | 1952 | United Kingdom | [3][4][5] |
| Breda Ba-65Bis | 10 | 1939 | 1941 | Italy | |
| Curtiss 75A-4 Mohawk | 17 | 1941 | 1945 |  United States | |
| Miles Master II/III | 13 | 1941 | 1958 | United Kingdom | |
| Miles Martinet T.T.1 | 7 | 1942 | ? | United Kingdom | |
| Lockheed P-38F Lightning | 2 | 1942 | 1945 | United States | Interned during WWII after an emergency landing in Lisbon[6] |
| Lockheed P-38G Lightning | |||||
| Supermarine Spitfire I | 18 | 1942 | 1948 | United Kingdom | |
| Supermarine Spitfire VB | 93 | 1943 | 1952 | Transferred to PoAF | |
| Bell P-400 Airacobra | 15 | 1942 | 1950 | United States | Interned during WWII[7][8] |
| Bell P-39L Airacobra | 4 | ||||
| Convair B-24/PB4Y-1 Liberator | 6 | 1943 | ? | United States | Interned during WWII |
| Douglas C-47 Dakota | 1 | 1944 | 1952 | United States | Interned during WWII. Transferred to PoAF[9] |
| de Havilland Hornet Moth | 1 | 1943 | ? | United Kingdom | |
| Bristol Blenheim IV | 10 | 1943 | 1947 | United Kingdom | |
| Bristol Blenheim V | 3 | ||||
| Lockheed Hudson III/VI | 3 | 1943 | ? | United States | Interned during WWII |
| Hawker Hurricane IIB/IIC | ? | 1943 | 1954 | United Kingdom | |
| Westland Lysander IIIA | 13 | 1943 | 1952 | United Kingdom | |
| Vickers Wellington X | 1 | 1943 | ? | United Kingdom | Interned during WWII |
| Airspeed Oxford | 19 | 1943 | 1952 | United Kingdom | Transferred to PoAF |
| Miles Magister I | 10 | 1946 | 1952 | United Kingdom | Transferred to PoAF |
| Beechcraft Bonanza | 1 | 1947 | ? | United States | |
| Avro Anson T.1 | 10 | 1947 | 1952 | United Kingdom | Transferred to PoAF |
| North American AT-6A Texan | 48 | 1947 | 1952 | United States | Transferred to PoAF |
| North American AT-6B Texan | |||||
| North American AT-6C Texan | |||||
| North American AT-6G Texan | |||||
| SB-17G Flying Fortress | 5 | 1947 | 1960 | United States | Transferred to PoAF |
| Douglas C-54 Skymaster | 9 | 1947 | 1978 | United States | Transferred to PoAF |
| SC-54/HC-54 Searchmaster | 9 | 1947 | ? | United States | 3 used for spares |
| de Havilland DH-89A Dragon Rapide | 1 | 1950 | 1952 | United Kingdom | Transferred to PoAF |
| de Havilland Canada DHC-1 Chipmunk | 10 | 1951 | 1952 | United Kingdom | Transferred to PoAF |
| Piper PA-18/L-21 B Super Cub | 22 | 1952 | 1955 | United States | Used by Army artillery for observation, already after dissolution of the Army Aviation and the creation of the PoAF in 1952. Transferred to PoAF only in 1955 |
Naval Aviation
The Navy's Aviação Naval (Naval Aviation) was created in 1917. In 1993, the Naval Aviation was reborn with the creation of the Esquadrilha de Helicópteros da Marinha (Navy's Helicopter Squadron), which operates the helicopters that serve on board the Navy's ships.
| Aircraft | Qty | In service | Retired | Origin | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| F.B.A. Type B | 3 | 1917 | 1918 | ||
| Donnet-Denhaut D.D.8 | 18 | 1918 | 1923 | France | Eight left by the French Aeronavale at Aveiro[10][11] |
| Tellier T.3 | 5 | 1918 | 1928 | ||
| Georges Levy G.L.40HB-2 | 2 | 1918 | ? | France | Left by the French Aeronavale at Aveiro |
| Felixstowe F.3 | 3 | 1920 | 1922 | United Kingdom | |
| Curtiss HS-2L | 4 | 1921 | 1931 | United States | Left by the United States Navy at Horta. Started flying in 1923 |
| Fairey IIID/IIID Mk.2 | 6 | 1922 | 1931 | United Kingdom | |
| Fokker T.IIIW | 4 | 1924 | 1933 |  Netherlands | |
| Avro 504K | 3 | 1925 | 1927 | United Kingdom | The first wheel aircraft |
| C.A.M.S.37A | 8 | 1927 | 1935 | [12] | |
| Hanriot HD.41H | 8 | 1927 | 1935 | [12] | |
| Macchi M.18 | 9 | 1928 | 1934 | ||
| de Havilland DH-60HG Gipsy Moth | 8 | 1929 | 1942 | United Kingdom | Bought four directly from de Havilland. Other four were built from parts after the loss of the first four in accidents |
| Fleet F-10 | 26 | 1933 | 1953 | Several batches | |
| Fleet F-10B | |||||
| Fleet F-10G | |||||
| Junkers K 43W | 5 | 1933 | 1941 | Germany Sweden | Manufactured in Sweden |
| Hawker Osprey III | 8 | 1935 | 1942 | United Kingdom | |
| Blackburn Shark IIA | 6 | 1936 | 1938 | United Kingdom | |
| G.A.L.Monospar S.T.12 | 1 | 1936 | 1943 | ||
| Avro 626 | 12 | 1939 | 1950 | United Kingdom | |
| Grumman G-21B Goose | 12 | 1940 | 1952 | United States | Transferred to PoAF |
| Grumman G-44 Widgeon | 12 | 1941 | 1952 | United States | Transferred to PoAF |
| Short Sunderland I | 1 | 1941 | 1944 | United Kingdom | Interned after force landing in Portugal due to storm |
| Fleet 16 | 5 | 1942 | ? | United Kingdom | |
| Miles Martinet T.T.1 | 4 | 1943 | 1952 | United Kingdom | Transferred to PoAF |
| Airspeed Oxford II | 12 | 1943 | 1952 | United Kingdom | Transferred to PoAF |
| Bristol Blenheim IVF | 12 | 1943 | ? | United Kingdom | |
| de Havilland DH-82A Tiger Moth | 30 | 1943 | 1952 | United Kingdom | Transferred to PoAF |
| Bristol Beaufighter TF.X | 17 | 1945 | 1946 | United Kingdom | [13] |
| Beechcraft AT-11 Kansan | 7 | 1947 | 1952 | United States | Transferred to PoAF |
| Beechcraft D-18S | 5 | 1948 | 1952 | United States | Transferred to PoAF |
| North American SNJ-4 | 8 | 1950 | 1952 | United States | Transferred to PoAF |
| Curtiss SB2C-4 Helldiver | 14 | 1950 | 1952 | United States | Used only for spares |
| Curtiss SB2C-5 Helldiver | 24 | Transferred to PoAF | |||
| AgustaWestland Super Lynx Mk.95 | 5 | 1993 | United Kingdom | The first aircraft of the reborn Naval Aviation | |
Air Force
The Portuguese Air Force (PoAF) was founded in 1952 as the result of the amalgamate of the Aeronáutica Militar and Aviação Naval. With the merger many aircraft were transferred from these earlier aviation services to the Air Force, having been in service before 1952.
| Aircraft | Qty | In service | Retired | Origin | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| de Havilland DH-82 Tiger Moth | 30(?) | 1952 | 1954 | United Kingdom Portugal | Received from Aeronáutica Militar and Aviação Naval |
| de Havilland DH-82A Tiger Moth | |||||
| Junkers Ju 52 | 12 | 1952 | 1972 | Germany | Received from Aeronáutica Militar[1][2] |
| Junkers Ju 52/3 mg3e | |||||
| Amiot A.A.C.1 Toucan | 15 | 1961 | France | ||
| Miles Master II/III | ? | 1952 | 1958 | United Kingdom | Received from Aeronáutica Militar |
| Miles Martinet T.T.1 | ? | 1952 | ? | United Kingdom | Received from Naval Aviation |
| Douglas C-47 Dakota | 29 | 1952 | 1976 | United States | One aircraft received from Aeronáutica Militar in 1952. Remaining aircraft bought in 1958[9] |
| Hawker Hurricane IIB/IIC | 151 | 1952 | 1954 | United Kingdom | Received from Aeronáutica Militar |
| Airspeed Oxford | ? | 1952 | 1957 | United Kingdom | Received from Aeronáutica Militar |
| Airspeed Oxford II | Received from Naval Aviation | ||||
| Supermarine Spitfire VB | ? | 1952 | ? | United Kingdom | Received from Aeronáutica Militar |
| Miles Magister I | 8 | 1952 | 1956 | United Kingdom | Received from Aeronáutica Militar |
| Avro Anson T.1 | 10 | 1952 | ? | United Kingdom | Received from Aeronáutica Militar |
| North American AT-6 Texan | 257 | 1952 | 1978 | United States | Received from Aeronáutica Militar |
| North American SNJ-4 | Received from Naval Aviation | ||||
| Harvard Mk III | 1956 | United States | Former British Fleet Air Arm aircraft | ||
| North American T-6G Texan | 1961 | United States | Former-French Air Force aircraft | ||
| Harvard Mk IV | 1964 |  Canada | Former-Luftwaffe aircraft | ||
| Harvard Mk IIA | 1969 | Former-South African Air Force aircraft | |||
| Harvard Mk III | |||||
| SB-17G Flying Fortress | 5 | 1952 | 1960 | United States | Received from Aeronáutica Militar[14] |
| Douglas C-54 Skymaster | 8 | 1947 | 1952 | United States | Some received from Aeronáutica Militar[15] |
| SC-54/HC-54 Searchmaster | 10 | 1952 | ? | United States | Received from Aeronáutica Militar[14] |
| de Havilland DH-89A Dragon Rapide | 1 | 1952 | 1968 | United Kingdom | Received from Aeronáutica Militar |
| de Havilland Canada DHC-1 Chipmunk | 10 | 1952 | 1997 | United Kingdom | Received from Aeronáutica Militar |
| 66 | Portugal | Built under license by OGMA; As of 1997 six airframes refurbished | |||
| Grumman G-21B Goose | 9 | 1952 | 1960 | United States | Received from Naval Aviation |
| Piper PA-18/L-21 B Super Cub | 22 | 1955 | 1976 | United States | Received from the Portuguese Army Artillery arm |
| Piper PA-18/L-18 SL21A | 5 | ||||
| Piper PA-18-125 Super Cub | 1954 | ||||
| Grumman G-44 Widgeon | 12 | 1952 | 1962 | United States | Received from Naval Aviation |
| Fleet F-10G | 1 | 1952 | ? | United States | Received from Naval Aviation |
| Beechcraft AT-11 Kansan | 6 | 1952 | 1977 | United States | First units received from Naval Aviation |
| Beechcraft D-18S | 15 | ||||
| C-45 Expeditor | 1959 | 1976 | |||
| Curtiss SB2C-5 Helldiver | 6 | 1952 | 1952 | United States | Received from Naval Aviation |
| Republic F-47D Thunderbolt | 50 | 1952 | 1956 | United States | |
| Lockheed T-33A Shooting Star | 28 | 1952 | 1991 | United States | |
| de Havilland Vampire T.55 | 2 | 1952 | 1962 | United Kingdom | [16][17][18] |
| PV-2C/D Harpoon | 42 | 1953 | 1975 | United States | Only 34 flown |
| Republic F-84G Thunderjet | 125 | 1953 | 1974 | United States | |
| Grumman SA-16A Albatross | 3 | 1954 | 1962 | United States | [14] |
| Sikorsky UH-19A | 2 | 1954 | 1960 | United States | First helicopter operated in Portugal. Used only in search and rescue operations in Azores. Removed from service after an accident on October 4, 1959[14][19] |
| Sud Aviation Alouette II | 7 | 1958 | 1976 | France | More received for the Portuguese Republican National Guard |
| North American F-86F Sabre | 65 | 1958 | 1980 | United States | |
| Canadair T-33A-N Silver Star | 5 | 1959 | 1960 | Canada | |
| Hunting Jet Provost | 1 | 1959 | 1959 | United Kingdom | Received PoAF markings for demonstration but wasn't bought[20] |
| Lockheed RT-33A | 2 | 1960 | 1982 | United States | |
| Lockheed P2V-5 Neptune | 12 | 1960 | 1977 | United States | |
| Auster D.5/108&180 | 76 | 1960 | 1976 | United Kingdom | |
| Nord Noratlas N.2502 | 12 | 1960 | 1978 | France | [21] |
| Nord Noratlas N.2501D | 18 | ||||
| Auster D.5/160 | 99 | 1961 | 1976 | United Kingdom Portugal | 84 built under license by OGMA |
| Dornier Do 27 A1/A3/A4/B1 | 146 | 1961 | 1979 | Germany | |
| Max Holste M.H.1521 Broussard | 4 | 1961 | 1977 | France | |
| Douglas DC-6A | 4 | 1961 | 1978 | United States | |
| Douglas DC-6B | 6 | ||||
| Saunders-Roe Skeeter | 10 | 1961 | 1961 | United Kingdom | Delivered in July from German Army Aviation Corps and German Navy stocks, never flew due to being non-airworthy and lack of spares to be rebuilt[22][23][24] |
| Cessna T-37C | 30 | 1961 | 1992 | United States | [25][26] |
| Sud Aviation Alouette III SA 319 | 142 | 1963 | France | Additional airframes bought to be used as source for spare parts and to rebuild damaged airframes | |
| B-26B Invader | 7 | 1965 | 1975 | United States | [27][28] |
| B-26C Invader | |||||
| Fiat G.91R/4 | 40 | 1965 | 1993 | Italy | |
| Cessna 310B | 1 | 1969 | 1974 | United States | |
| Cessna 182C | 1 | 1969 | ? | United States | |
| Sud Aviation SA-330C Puma | 13 | 1969 | 2011 | France | Retired in 2006, re-entered service in 2008 in Azores, finally retired in 2011 |
| Aérospatiale Puma SA-330S1 Puma | 1971 | ||||
| Cessna 206 | 1 | 1969 | ? | United States | |
| Piper PA-32 Cherokee Six | 4 | 1970 | 1974 | United States | |
| Cessna 401B | 1 | 1971 | 1974 | United States | Used PoAF markings in special missions |
| Cessna 185A Skywagon | 5 | 1971 | 1974 | United States | Received from South African Air Force |
| Boeing 707-3F5C | 2 | 1971 | 1976 | United States | Transferred to TAP |
| CASA C-212-100 Aviocar | 24 | 1974 | 2010 |  Spain | Replaced by CASA C-295M[29] |
| Cessna Skymaster FTB-337G | 32 | 1974 | 2007 | United States | |
| Fiat G.91R/3 | 70 | 1976 | 1993 | Italy | Only 34 flown, others were used for spares |
| Fiat G.91T/3 | 26 | Only 11 flown | |||
| Northrop T-38A Tallon | 12 | 1977 | 1994 | United States | |
| Lockheed C-130H Hercules | 6 | 1977 | United States | ||
| Lockheed C-130H-30 Hercules | |||||
| Vought A-7P Corsair II | 44 | 1981 | 1999 | United States | |
| Vought TA-7C Corsair II | 1 | 1982 | 1984 | One example (s/n 154404; c/n B-044), nicknamed "Pomba Branca" (white dove), leased from the USN for pilot conversion | |
| Vought TA-7P Corsair II | 6 | 1984 | 1999 | ||
| Fournier RF-10 | 4 | 1984 | 1994 | France | |
| Dassault Falcon 20 | 3 | 1984 | France | Currently only one in service | |
| Lockheed P-3P Orion | 6 | 1985 | 2011 | United States | Replaced by former-Dutch P-3C Update II.5/CUP-CG. One being used for crew training by CFMTFA. |
| Alexander Schleicher ASK 21 | 4 | 1986 | Germany | ||
| Aérospatiale Epsilon TB-30 | 18 | 1989 | France Portugal | Assembled in Portugal by OGMA | |
| Dassault Falcon 50 | 2 | 1990 | France | ||
| Dassault-Breguet/Dornier Alpha Jet A | 50 | 1993 | France Germany | Former-Luftwaffe aircraft, offered by Germany for the use of the Beja Air Base — BA11[30] | |
| General Dynamics F-16A OCU Fighting Falcon | 17 | 1994 | United States | Converted and updated to Mid Life Update (MLU) standard (F-16 AM) by the Air Force workshops at Monte Real Air Base and OGMA[31] | |
| General Dynamics F-16B OCU Fighting Falcon | 3 | ||||
| CASA C-212-300 Aviocar | 2 | 1994 | 2011 | Spain | Replaced by C-295MPA |
| LET L-23 Blanik | 3 | 1996 |  Czech Republic | ||
| de Havilland Canada DHC-1 Chipmunk Lycoming engine | 6 | 1997 | United Kingdom Portugal | Refurbished from existing de Havilland Canada DHC-1 Chipmunk aircraft | |
| General Dynamics F-16A Fighting Falcon | 21 | 1999 | United States | Updated to Mid Life Update (MLU) standard (F-16 AM) by the Air Force workshops at Monte Real Air Base and OGMA[31] | |
| General Dynamics F-16B Fighting Falcon | 4 | ||||
| Advanced Ceramics Research Silver Fox | 2 | 2004 | United States | Used by the Portuguese Air Force Academy for research and development of aeronautical components and UAV systems[32] | |
| AgustaWestland EH101 | 12 | 2005 | United Kingdom Italy | ||
| Lockheed P-3C Update II.5/CUP-CG Orion | 5 | 2006 | United States | Former-Dutch Navy aircraft. Receiving electronics upgrade to CUP+ standard | |
| CASA C-295 | 12 | 2008 | Spain | [33] | |
| ANTEX-M | ? | 2008 | Portugal | Unmanned Air Vehicle prototype developed by the Portuguese Air Force Academy. At least four built and operated[32][34][35] | |
See also
- Portuguese military aircraft serials
- Portuguese Naval Aviation
- Portuguese Air Force
- Portuguese Colonial War
- OGMA
- UALE
References
Notes
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 Afonso and Gomes 2000, pp. 178–183.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 "Junkers Ju 52" (in Portuguese). Esquadra 502. Retrieved 2 March 2013.
- ↑ "Portuguese Air Force use of the Gloster Gladiator during the Second World War". Retrieved 2 March 2013.
- ↑ Spencer 2003, p. 10,12,46
- ↑ Crawford 2002, p. 109-112
- ↑ "P-38s with US Navy and Foreign Air Forces". 13 June 1999. Retrieved 2 March 2013.
- ↑ Public Record Office entry of 18 March 1943, quoted by "Wreckovery" in Aviation News, 10–23 August 1984.
- ↑ "The P-400 / P-39L Airacobra". 25 October 2009. Retrieved 2 March 2013.
- ↑ 9.0 9.1 "The C-47 /DC-3 / Dakota". 25 October 2009. Retrieved 2 March 2013.
- ↑ Revista da Armada 84, p. 11
- ↑ Revista da Armada 347, p. 8
- ↑ 12.0 12.1 Revista da Armada 347, p. 9
- ↑ Revista da Armada 355, p. 19
- ↑ 14.0 14.1 14.2 14.3 Mais Alto 348, p. 37
- ↑ Roach 1991, p. 158
- ↑ "Os nossos Vampiros e um outro que ... nem por isso... (M394-3RF/2010)" (in Portuguese). Pássaro de Ferro. 4 July 2010. Retrieved 2 March 2013.
- ↑ "De Havilland Production List". Airport-data.com. Retrieved 2 March 2013.
- ↑ "De Havilland Vampires, North East Aircraft Museum (Britain)". North East Aircraft Museum. Retrieved 2 March 2013.
- ↑ "Portuguese Air Force H-19 9101". Retrieved 2 March 2013.
- ↑ "Jet Provost heaven - history of the Jet Provost T.2". Jet Provost Heaven. 21 January 2010. Retrieved 2 March 2013.
- ↑ "Noratlas" (in Portuguese). Esquadra 502. Retrieved 2 March 2013.
- ↑ Mais Alto 350
- ↑ "Saunders Roe Skeeter". Helicopter History Site. Retrieved 2 March 2013.
- ↑ "Ferreira, Rui. Esquadra 552 Zangões - Em perigos e Guerras Esforçados" (in Portuguese). Walkarounds. 21 January 2011. Retrieved 2 March 2013.
- ↑ Mais Alto 401, p. 13
- ↑ Mais Alto 401, p. 17
- ↑ Hagedorn and Hellström 1994
- ↑ "The Douglas B-26B/B-26C Invader". 20 October 2009. Retrieved 2 March 2013.
- ↑ "C-212 Aviocar" (in Portuguese). Esquadra 502. Retrieved 2 March 2013.
- ↑ "Martins, Nuno (2009). A Luftwaffe em Portugal 1964-1993" (in Portuguese). Wakarounds. 28 May 2009. Retrieved 2 March 2013.
- ↑ 31.0 31.1 F-16 Air Forces "Portugal :: F-16.net". F-16.net. Retrieved 2 March 2013.
- ↑ 32.0 32.1 de Sousa, J. Borges; Gonçalves, G.; Costa, A.; Morgado, J. (March 13, 2010). "Mixed initiative control of unmanned air vehicle systems: the PITVANT R&D UAV program". FEUP/AFA. Retrieved August 4, 2013.
- ↑ "C-295M" (in Portuguese). Esquadra 502. Retrieved 2 March 2013.
- ↑ Machado, Miguel (April 2, 2011). ""PITVANT": PRIMEIRO PASSO PARA UM UAV PORTUGUÊS?" ["PITVANT": First step for a Portuguese UAV?] (in Portuguese). Operacional. Retrieved August 4, 2013.
- ↑ Machado, Miguel (July 30, 2012). "SOBRE TERRA E SOBRE O MAR, OS UAV DA FORÇA AÉREA" [Over the land and over the sea, the UAVs of the Air Force] (in Portuguese). Operacional. Retrieved August 4, 2013.
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- Lopes, Mário Canongia (1989). Os Aviões da Cruz de Cristo. Lisbon: Dinalivro.
- Cardoso, Edgar (1981). História da Força Aérea Portuguesa. Amadora: Gratelo SARL.
- Lapa, Albino (1928). Aviação Portuguesa.
- Cardoso, Edgar (1963). Presença da Força Aérea em Angola.
- Abecasis, José Krus (1985). Bordo de Ataque. Coimbra.
- Tadeu, Viriato (1984). Quando a Marinha tinha Asas. Lisbon.
- Gonçalves, Cte. J. Munkelt (April 2004). "O Amanhecer da Asa Rotativa na Aviação Militar Portuguesa" [The Dawn of the Rotary Wing in the Portuguese Military Aviation]. Mais Alto (in Portuguese) (Portuguese Air Force) (348): 36–42. Retrieved 2 March 2013.
- Eastwood, Tony; Roach, John (1991). Piston Engine Airliner Production List. West Drayton, UK: Aviation Hobby Shop. ISBN 0-907178-37-5.
- Crawford, Alex (2002). Gloster Gladiator. Redbourn, UK: Mushroom Model Publications. ISBN 83-916327-0-9.
- Spencer, Tom (2003). Gloster Gladiator, Warpaint Series No.37. Luton, UK: Warpaint Books. OCLC 78987788.
- Aniceto, Afonso; Gomes, Carlos de Matos (2000). Guerra Colonial. Lisbon: Editorial Notícias. ISBN 972-46-1192-2.
- "Saunders-Roe Skeeter na Aviação Militar Portuguesa" [Saunders-Roe Skeeter in the Portuguese Military Aviation]. Mais Alto (in Portuguese) (Portuguese Air Force) (350). July–August 2004.
- Eastwood, Tony; Roach, John (1991). Piston Engine Airliner Production List. West Drayton, UK: Aviation Hobby Shop. ISBN 0-907178-37-5.
- Cardoso, Adelino (January–February 2013). "T-37C - Um legado da memória" [T-37C - A memory legacy]. Mais Alto (in Portuguese) (Portuguese Air Force) (401): 12–17.
- Pearcy, Arthur (1995). Douglas Propliners DC-1 DC-7. Airlife. ISBN 978-1853102615.
- Lopes, M.C. (December–January 1997). "DAKOTAS - Aviões bimotores de transporte da Força Aérea Portuguesa - 1944 - 1977 - I Parte" [DAKOTAS - Transport twin-engine aircraft of the Portuguese Air Force - Part I]. Mais Alto (in Portuguese) (Portuguese Air Force) (310). Check date values in:
|date=(help) - Lopes, M.C. (February–Mach 1998). "DAKOTAS - Aviões bimotores de transporte da Força Aérea Portuguesa 1944 -1977 - II parte" [DAKOTAS - Transport twin-engine aircraft of the Portuguese Air Force - Part II]. Mais Alto (in Portuguese) (Portuguese Air Force) (311). Check date values in:
|date=(help) - Hagedorn, Dan; Hellström, Leif (1994). Foreign Invaders, the Douglas invader in Foreign Military and US Clandestine Service. Earl Shilton, Leicester, UK: Midland Publishing. ISBN 1-85780-013-3.
- Thayer, George (1970). The War Business. Touchstone. ISBN 978-0671207052.
- Santos, J. Trindade dos (September 1978). "Aviação Naval" [Naval Aviation]. Revista da Armada (in Portuguese) (Lisbon: Portuguese Navy) (84): 11–15. Retrieved July 15, 1993.
- Soares, A.J. Silva (November 2001). "Reminiscências Francesas na História da Aviação Naval Portuguesa - Parte 1" [French Reminiscences in the History of the Portuguese Naval Aviation - Part 1]. Revista da Armada (in Portuguese) (Lisbon: Portuguese Navy) (347): 8–9. Retrieved July 16, 1993.
- Soares, A.J. Silva (July 2002). "A Extinção da Aviação Naval - 1ª Parte" [The Extinguish of the Naval Aviation - Part 1]. Revista da Armada (in Portuguese) (Lisbon: Portuguese Navy) (355): 17–20. Retrieved July 16, 1993.
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