List of active separatist movements in South America

This is a list of currently active separatist movements in South America. Separatism includes autonomism and secessionism. What is and is not considered an autonomist or secessionist movement is sometimes contentious. Entries on this list must meet three criteria:

1. They are active movements with living, active members.
2. They are seeking greater autonomy or self-determination for a geographic region (as opposed to personal autonomy).
3. They are the citizen/peoples of the conflict area and not comes from other country.

Under each region listed is one or more of the following:

• De facto state: for regions with de facto autonomy from the government
• Proposed state: proposed name for a seceding sovereign state
• Proposed autonomous area: for movements toward greater autonomy for an area but not outright secession
  • De facto autonomous government: for governments with de facto autonomous control over a region
  • Government-in-exile: for a government based outside of the region in question, with or without control
  • Political party (or parties): for political parties involved in a political system to push for autonomy or secession
  • Militant organisation(s): for armed organisations (sometimes called terrorist organisations)
  • Advocacy group(s): for non-belligerent, non-politically participatory entities
  • Ethnic/Ethno-religious/Racial/Regional/Religious group (s): for information on what group of people calls for change for each individual movement listed

Argentina

• Mapuche (politically divided between Argentina and Chile; see respective entries) (member of the Unrepresented Nations and Peoples Organization)
  • Pressure group: The All Lands Conseil (Consejo de Todas las Tierras)
  • Proposed state: Mapuche Nation^[1]

Bolivia

• Santa Cruz
  • Pressure group: Camba Nation Liberation Movement (Movimiento Nación Camba de Liberación), Pro Santa Cruz Committee (Comité Pro Santa Cruz), Santa Cruz Youth Union (Unión Juvenil Cruceñista) also the departments of Beni, Pando, and Tarija.
  • Proposed state: Republic of Santa Cruz, Camba Nation

Brazil

• Proposed state: República Riograndense
  • Pressure Group: Movimento Pampa Livre
  • Proposition: To separate the state of Rio Grande do Sul from Brazil.^[2]
• Proposed state: Sul
  • Pressure Group: O Sul é Meu País
  • Proposition: To separate the states of the southern region, Paraná, Santa Catarina and Rio Grande do Sul creating a federation between them.
• Proposed state: The United States of Northeast
  • Pressure Group: GESNI
  • Proposition: To separate the states of the northeast region, creating a federation between them.
• Proposed state: Pernambuco
  • Pressure Group: GEAPI - Grupo de Estudo e Avaliação Pernambuco Independente.
  • Proposition: To separate Pernambuco from Brazil.
• Proposed state: São Paulo
  • Pressure Group: Movimento República de São Paulo.
  • Proposition: To separate the São Paulo state from Brazil, creating The Republic of São Paulo. To organize and promote free debate and studies on the degree of autonomy of the State of São Paulo in the Brazilian federation and the current model of federalism in Brazil, as well as on the implementation of a new model of the Confederate States, and discuss foster actions aimed at bringing the public discussion of the federation, to foster growth stock elements of the typical culture São Paulo, organize debates and events on the political representation of the State of São Paulo in the current model of federation, among other actions.^[3]
• Proposed state: República do Rio de Janeiro
  • Pressure Group: Movimento O Rio é o Meu País
  • Proposition: To separate the Rio de Janeiro state from Brazil.

Chile

• Mapuche (politically divided between Argentina and Chile; see respective entries) (member of the Unrepresented Nations and Peoples Organization)
  • Pressure group: The All-Land Council (Consejo de Todas las Tierras)^[1]
  • Proposed state: Mapuche Nation^[1]

Colombia

• Raizals of Archipelago of San Andrés, Providencia and Santa Catalina
  • Structuring territorial or proposed: Self-State Associate
  • Pressure group: Amen-SD (Archipelago Movement for Ethnic Native Self-Determination for San Andrés, Providence and Kethlena)
  • Important figure: Raymond Howard

France

• French Guiana
  • Pressure groups: Decolonization and Social Emancipation Movement

Venezuela

• Zulia State
  • Proposed state: Free State of Zulia, Sovereign State of Zulia or Independent Republic of Zulia

See also

• List of active separatist movements
• List of historical separatist movements

References