List of active separatist movements in Asia
This is a list of currently active separatist movements in Asia. Separatism includes autonomism and secessionism. What is and is not considered an autonomist or secessionist movement is sometimes contentious. Entries on this list must meet three criteria:
- They are active movements with current, active members.
- They are seeking greater autonomy or self-determination for a geographic region (as opposed to personal autonomy).
- They are the citizen/peoples of the conflict area and not comes from other country.
Under each region listed is one or more of the following:
- De facto state: for regions with a de facto polity
- Proposed state: proposed name for a seceding or anticipated sovereign state
- Proposed autonomous area: for movements toward greater autonomy for an area but not outright secession
- De facto autonomous government: for governments with de facto autonomous control over a region
- Government-in-exile: for a government based outside of the region in question, with or without control
- Political party (or parties): for political parties involved in a political system to push for autonomy or secession
- Militant organisation(s): for armed organisations or insurgencies
- Advocacy group(s): for nonviolent, non-electoral, participatory entities
- Ethnic/Ethno-religious/Racial/Regional/Religious group (s): for information on what group of people calls for change for each individual movement listed
Afghanistan
Badakhshan (Near the Wakhan Corridor)
- Ethnic group: Pamiri
- Proposed state: United Badakhshan Peoples Republic [1]
- Political parties: Lail Badakhshan
Azerbaijan
Further information: List of active separatist movements in Europe
Breakaway state:
- Ethnic group: Armenians
- De facto state: Nagorno-Karabakh Republic
- Government-in-exile: Azerbaijani Community of Nagorno-Karabakh
Azerbaijan is geographic in Asia but politically in Europe
Bangladesh
- Ethnic group: Hindu
- Proposed state: Hindu Republic of Bangabhumi
- Advocacy group: Bangabhumi separatist movement - openly became active again in 2003 - and Banga Sena
- Proposed state: Hindu Republic of Bangabhumi
Burma/Myanmar
- Ethnic group: Rakhine
- Proposed state: Arakan Federation
- Advocacy group: Arakan Independence Alliance
- Proposed state: Arakan Federation
Zo Asia
- Ethnic group: Chin
- Proposed state: Republic of Zo Asia
- Militant organisation: Chin National Front (member of the Unrepresented Nations and Peoples Organization)
- Ethnic group: Kachin
- Proposed state: Kachinland
- Political party: Kachin National Organization
- Proposed state: Kachinland
- Ethnic group: Karen
- Proposed state: Republic of Kawthoolei
- Militant organisation: Karen National Liberation Army
- Advocacy group: Karen National Union
- Proposed state: Republic of Kawthoolei
Karenni
- Ethnic group: Karenni
- Proposed state: United Karenni Independent States
- Militant organisation: Karenni Army
- Advocacy group: Karenni National Progressive Party (member of the Unrepresented Nations and Peoples Organization)
- Government-in-exile: Karenni Provisional Government
- Proposed state: United Karenni Independent States
- Ethnic group: Mon
- Proposed state: Mon State
- Political party: New Mon State Party
- Proposed state: Mon State
- Ethnic group: Naga
- Proposed state: Nagalim or Peoples' Republic of Nagaland
- Militant organisation: National Socialist Council of Nagaland (member of the Unrepresented Nations and Peoples Organization)
- Government-in-exile: Government of the People's Republic of Nagaland
- Proposed state: Nagalim or Peoples' Republic of Nagaland
Northern Arakan
- Ethnic group: Rohingya
- Proposed state: Northern Arakan State of Arakan Federation
- Advocacy group: Arakan Rohingya National Organization
- Proposed state: Northern Arakan State of Arakan Federation
- Ethnic group: Shan (member of the Unrepresented Nations and Peoples Organization)
- Proposed state: Federated Shan States
- Political party: Shan Democratic Union
- Militant organisation: Shan State Army
- Advocacy group: Restoration Council of Shan State
- Government in exile: Interim Government of Federated Shan States[2]
- Proposed state: Federated Shan States
- Ethnic group: Wa
- Proposed state: Wa State
- Political party: United Wa State Party
- Militant organisation: United Wa State Army
- Proposed state: Wa State
- Ethnic group: Kuki
- Proposed state: Zale'n-gam
- Militant organisation: Kuki National Army
- Advocacy group: Kuki National Organisation
- Proposed state: Zale'n-gam
- Ethnic group: Zomi
- Proposed state: Republic of Zogam or Federated State of Zomi
- Political parties: Zomi National Congress, Zomi Reunification Organization
- Militant organisations: Zomi National Front/Army, Zomi Revolutionary Army,
- Advocacy group: Global Zomi Alliance
- Government in exile: Republic of Zogam
- Proposed state: Republic of Zogam or Federated State of Zomi
Cyprus
Breakaway state:
- Ethnic group: Turkish Cypriot
- De facto state with partial de jure recognition:
TRNC Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus
- De facto state with partial de jure recognition:
Cyprus is geographic in Asia but politically in Europe
Georgia
Breakaway states:
- Ethnic group: Abkhaz
- De facto state with partial de jure recognition: Republic of Abkhazia
- Political organisation:Government of Abkhazia
- Militant organization: Abkhazia Army
- De facto state with partial de jure recognition:
- Ethnic group: Ossetians
- De facto state: with partial de jure recognition:Republic of South Ossetia
- Political organisation: Government of South Ossetia
- Militant organization: South Ossetia Army
Proposed autonomous movements:
Armenians in Samtskhe-Javakheti
- Ethnic group: Armenians
- Proposed autonomous area: Javakhk
- Advocacy groups: Javakhk, United Javakhk Democratic Alliance, Virk[3][4]
Borchali Azerbaijanis
- Ethnic group: Azerbaijanis
- Proposed autonomous area: Borchali
China
Main article: Separatist movements of China
The 
People's Republic of China and the 
Republic of China insist sole legitimacy of China against each other. Practically, the former is administering Mainland China and the two special administrative regions of 
Hong Kong and 
Macau and the latter is administering the Taiwan area.
- Ethnic group: Mongolian
- Proposed state: Republic of South Mongol
- Political parties: Inner Mongolian People's Party (member of the Unrepresented Nations and Peoples Organization), Southern Mongolian Democratic Alliance,[5] Mongolian Liberal Union Party[6]
- Proposed state: Republic of South Mongol
- Ethnic group: Tibetan
- Proposed state:
Tibet
- Government-in-exile: Lobsang Sangay, head of the Tibetan Government in Exile[7] (member of the Unrepresented Nations and Peoples Organization)
- Political parties: International Tibet Independence Movement, National Democratic Party of Tibet[8]
- Advocacy group: Students for a Free Tibet, Tibetan Youth Congress, International Campaign for Tibet
- Proposed state:
- Ethnic group: Uyghur
- Proposed state:
East Turkestan
- Political parties: Uyghurstan Independence Movement
- Militant organisations: East Turkestan Islamic Movement, Uyghurstan National Front
- Advocacy groups: World Uyghur Congress (member of the Unrepresented Nations and Peoples Organization)
- Proposed state:
- Ethnic group: Hong Konger
- Proposed state:
Republic of Hong Kong or .svg.png)
British Overseas Territory of Hong Kong
- Advocacy group: Hong Konger Front
- Proposed state:
Main articles: Political status of Taiwan and Taiwan independence
- Proposed state:
Republic of Taiwan
- Political parties: Pan-Green Coalition (Democratic Progressive Party, Taiwan Solidarity Union, Taiwan Independence Party)
In perspective of the laws of the Republic of China, the Taiwan independence movement is considered as secessionism, but practically, the movement seeks to replace the ROC with the Republic of Taiwan because Taiwan area is the only practical region administered by the ROC.
In perspective of the laws of the People's Republic of China, the Taiwan independence movement is considered as secessionism, too because the PRC considers the Taiwan area as its integral part.
India
Main articles: List of proposed states and territories of India and Separatist movements of India
See also: Naxalite-Maoist insurgency and Insurgency in Northeast India
- Ethnic group: Bodo
- Proposed state: Bodoland
- Militant organisation: United Liberation Front of Assam, Muslim United Liberation Tigers of Assam,[9] National Democratic Front, North East Bengali National Front
- Proposed state: Bodoland
- Ethnic group: Kashmiris
- Proposed state: Jammu and Kashmir
- Political organisations: All Parties Hurriyat Conference, Jammu Kashmir Liberation Front
- Militant organisations: Lashkar-e-Toiba, Harkat-ul-mujahideen, Jaish-e-Mohammad
- Proposed state: Jammu and Kashmir
- Ethnic group: Manipuri
- Proposed state: Republic of Manipur
- Militant organisations: Hmar People's Convention–Democrat, Manipur People’s Liberation Front, United National Liberation Front, Revolutionary People's Front of Manipur, People's Revolutionary Party of Kangleipak[10]
- Proposed state: Republic of Manipur
- Ethnic group: Mizos
- Proposed state: Zozam
- Militant organisations: Zomi Revolutionary Organization, Mizoram Farmers Liberation Force
- Ethnic group: Naga
- Proposed state: Nagalim or People's Republic of Nagaland
- Government-in-exile: Government of the People's Republic of Nagaland
- Militant organisation: National Socialist Council of Nagaland
Indonesia
- Proposed state: Kalimantan Borneo
or 
Malaysia[11][12][13][14]
- Pressure groups: Kalimantan Borneo Liberation Front[15]
- Proposed state: Gerakan Kemerdekaan Minahasa
- Proposed state: Riau
- Proposed state: South Moluccas
- Government-in-exile: Republik Maluku Selatan (member of the Unrepresented Nations and Peoples Organization)
- Advocacy group: Maluku Sovereignty Front
- Proposed state: West Papua
- Militant organisation: Free Papua Movement
- Government-in-exile: West Papuan Government in exile[19][20]
Iran
- Ethnic group: Azerbaijan
- Proposed state: South Azerbaijan
or Azerbaijan - Political party: CAMAH (South Azerbaijan National Liberation Movement), a Baku-based separatist organisation that advocates for the separation of Iranian Azerbaijan from Iran and unification with the Republic of Azerbaijan. According to them, the predominantly ethnic Persian provinces of Hamadan, Qazvin and Karaj and the whole of the ethnically mixed province of West Azerbaijan are parts of Azerbaijan.[21]
- Proposed state: South Azerbaijan
- Ethnic group Turkmen
- Proposed state: South Turkmenistan
or 
Turkmenistan - Political party: Turkmen-Sahra Liberation Organization
- Pan-Turkism party
- Proposed state: South Turkmenistan
Khūzestān
- Militant organisations: Al-Ahwaz Arab People's Democratic Popular Front, Ahwaz Arab Renaissance Party, Ahwaz Liberation Organisation
- Advocacy group: Democratic Solidarity Party of Al-Ahwaz (member of the Unrepresented Nations and Peoples Organization)
- Ethnic groups: Kurdish, Feylis
- Proposed state: Kurdistan[23]
- Political parties: Kurdistan Democratic Party of Iran (member of the Unrepresented Nations and Peoples Organization)
- Militant organisations: Party for a Free Life in Kurdistan, Komalah
- Proposed state: Kurdistan[23]
- Ethnic group: Baloch
- Proposed state: Balochistan
- Political party: Balochistan People's Party
- Militant organisations: Jundallah (Iran)
Iraq
See: Minorities in Iraq
Breakaway state:
- Religious group: Sunnis
- De facto state:
The Islamic State - Status: See 2014 military intervention against ISIS
- De facto state:
Purposed states:
- Ethnic groups: Kurdish, Feylis
- Proposed state: Kurdistan
- Political parties: Kurdistan Independence Movement (K.I.M.), Kurdistan Democratic Party of Iraq, Patriotic Union of Kurdistan (members of the Unrepresented Nations and Peoples Organization)
- De facto autonomous state Iraqi Kurdistan
- Status: See 2014 military intervention against ISIS
- Proposed state: Kurdistan
- Religious group: Sufis Iraqis
- Proposed state: Ba'athist Iraq
- Political parties: Iraqi Ba'ath Party
- Militant organisations: Army of the Men of the Naqshbandi Order, General Military Council for Iraqi Revolutionaries, Supreme Command for Jihad and Liberation
- Status: See 2014 military intervention against ISIS
Main articles: Assyrian nationalism and Assyrian struggle for independence
- Ethnoreligious group: Assyrian
- Proposed autonomous region: Nineveh Plains
Assyria - Political parties: Assyrian Democratic Movement, Assyria Liberation Party
- Militant organisations: Nineveh Plain Protection Units, Dwekh Nawsha
- Advocacy groups: Assyrian General Conference, Assyria Council of Europe
- Status: See 2014 military intervention against ISIS
- Proposed autonomous region: Nineveh Plains
Turkmeneli
- Ethnic group: Turkmen
- Proposed state: Turkmeneli
- Political party: Iraqi Turkmen Front (member of the Unrepresented Nations and Peoples Organization)
- Status: See 2014 military intervention against ISIS
- Proposed state: Turkmeneli
Sinjar
- Eltnoreligious group: Yazidi
- Purposed autonomous area: Sinjar with Sinjar Mountain region in
Iraq or unification with Kurdistan - Political organisation: Yazidi Movement for Reform and Progress, Yazidis Community
- Status: See 2014 military intervention against ISIS
- Purposed autonomous area: Sinjar with Sinjar Mountain region in
Israel
Proposed states:
- Ethnic group: Israeli settlers
- Proposed state: State of Judea
- Proposed state: State of Judea
Occupied territories:
- Ethnic group: Palestinian
- De facto autonomous government: Palestinian National Authority
- De facto/De jure state:
State of Palestine - Political parties: Hamas, Democratic Front for the Liberation of Palestine, Fatah, Palestine Liberation Front, Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine Palestine Liberation Organisation[24][25]
- Militant organisations: al-Aqsa Martyrs Brigade, Hamas, Palestinian Islamic Jihad, Tanzim, Izz ad-Din al-Qassam Brigades
Japan
- Ethnic group: Ainu
- Proposed state: Republic of Ainu
- Political group : Ainu independence movement
Okinawa
- Ethnic group: Ryukyuan
- Proposed state:
Republic of Ryūkyū - Political parties: Kariyushi Club (Formerly, Ryukyu Independence Party)
- Political groups: Ryukyu independence movement
- Note: The supporters of the movement want the Amami Islands in Kagoshima Prefecture, former part of the defunct Ryukyu Kingdom until 1609, to be part of independent Ryukyu. See also Invasion of Ryukyu.
- Proposed state:
Laos
Hmong ChaoFa
- Ethnic group: Hmong
- Proposed state: Hmong ChaoFa Federated State
- Proposed state: Hmong ChaoFa Federated State
Member of the Unrepresented Nations and Peoples Organization
Lebanon
- Religious group: Lebanese Shias
- De facto State within a state
Malaysia
- Proposed state: Sarawak
- Advocacy group: Borneo Heritage Foundation (BHF), Sarawak Association of People’s Aspirations (SAPA), Sarawak Sovereignty Movement, Sabah Sarawak Keluar Malaysia (SSKM)[28][30]
- Proposed state: Sabah
- Advocacy group: Borneo Heritage Foundation (BHF), Sabah Sarawak Keluar Malaysia (SSKM)[28][30]
Nepal
Madheshstan
- Ethnic group: Madheshi in the southern strip have occasionally voiced for independence from Nepal. The claims are a result of a long standing history of discrimination against them.
- Proposed state: Republic of Madheshstan
- Political group: AIM Madeshstan, Alliance of Madheshi people[31]
- Proposed state: Republic of Madheshstan
Pakistan
Main article: Separatist movements of Pakistan
Balochistan [32]
- Ethnic group: Baloch
- Proposed state: Balochistan
- Political party: Baloch National Movement, Baloch Republican Party (member of the Unrepresented Nations and Peoples Organization)
- Militant organisations: Baloch Liberation Army, Baloch Liberation Front, Baloch Republican Army
Palestine
See: International recognition of Palestine/currently mostly occupied by Israel as part of the Palestinian territories
- Ethnic group: Israelis
- Proposed state: State of Judea
- Proposed state: State of Judea
Philippines
Bangsamoro Region/Autonomous Region of Muslim Mindanao
- Ethnic group: Moro, Lumad
- Proposed autonomous area: Bangsamoro
- Militant organisation: Moro Islamic Liberation Front
- Political party: United Bangsamoro Justice Party [33]
- Proposed state:
Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant
- Militant organization: Abu Sayyaf,[34][35][36] Bangsamoro Islamic Freedom Fighters,[36][37][38] Katibah Nusantara Lid Daulah Islamiyyah,[39] Khalifa Islamiyah Mindanao
- Advocacy group:Bangsamoro Islamic Freedom Movement[38]
- Proposed autonomous area: Bangsamoro
Cordillera Administrative Region
Russian Federation
Main article: Secession in Russia
- Ethnic group: Yakuts
- Proposed state:
Sakha Republic - Political party: Sakha-Amuk
- Proposed state:
Siberia (North Asia)
See also: Siberian regionalism
- Ethnic group:
- Proposed state: Siberian Republic[41]
- Political party: Party of Siberian Liberation
- Ethnic group: Tuvans
- Proposed state:
Tuva
- Political parties: People's Party of Sovereign Tuva, People's Front "Free Tuva"
Sri Lanka
- Ethnic group: Tamil
- Proposed state:
Tamil Eelam - Political party: Tamil National Alliance (autonomy within Sri Lanka)
- Militant organisation: Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam (No longer active in Sri Lanka)
- Advocacy groups: Transnational Government of Tamil Eelam, Global Tamil Forum
- Government in exile: Transnational Government of Tamil Eelam[42]
- Proposed state:
Syria
Further information: Sectarianism and minorities in the Syrian Civil War
Breakaway states:
- Religious group: Sunnis
- De facto state: The Islamic State
- Political parties: Majlish Shura al Mujahedeen
- De facto state:
Western Kurdistan
- Ethnic and ethno-religious group: Kurdish, Yazidis
- De facto state: Western Kurdistan
- Political party: Democratic Union Party
- Militant organisation: People's Defence Units
- Political Movement: Democratic Confederlism, Democratic Socialism, Socialist Feminism, Ecosocialism
- De facto state:
.svg.png){kind=small}
- Ethnic group: Syrians
- De facto state: Free Syria
- Political organisations: National Coalition for Syrian Revolutionary and Opposition Forces, Syrian Interim Government
- Militant organizations: Free Syrian Army, Al-Nusra Front
Proposed states:
- Etlno-religious group: Alawite
- Proposed state:
Alawite State - Political Movement: Government of Syria: if Damascus should fall, it has been proposed that the government retreats to Latakia and the surrounding area to form a possible Alawite State.
- Proposed state:
- Ethno-religious group: Druze
- Proposed state:
Jabal Druze State - Political parties: Progressive Socialist Party (Syria)
- Militant organisations: Jaysh al-Muwahhideen
- Proposed state:
- Ethno-religious group: Arameans
- Proposed state: Aram
- Political parties: Aramean Democratic Organisation
- Advocacy group: World Council of Arameans (Syriacs)
- Ethnic group: Assyrian
- Proposed state: Assyria
- Political parties: Syriac Union Party
- Militant organisations: Syriac Military Council, Sutoro
- Advocacy groups: Assyria Council of Europe
- Proposed state:
Occupied territories:
Golan Heights (occupied by Israel)
- Ethnic group: Israeli settlers
- De facto state:
Israel - Political organisation: Government of Israel
- Militant organisations: Israeli Defence Force
- De facto state:
Tajikistan
- Ethnic group: Pamiri
Thailand
- Ethnic group: Malays
Turkey
Northern Kurdistan[47]
- Ethnic group: Kurdish
- Proposed state: Kurdistan
- Political parties: Peace and Democracy Party (BDP), Peoples' Democratic Party (HDP)
- Militant organisations: Kurdistan Workers Party (PKK), Group of Communities in Kurdistan (KCK), Kurdistan Freedom Falcons (TAK), Democrat Party of Kurdistan/North (PDK/Bakur), Revolutionary Party of Kurdistan (PŞK), Communist Party of Kurdistan (KKP)
Western Armenia#Current situation[48]
- Ethnic group: Armenian diaspora
- Proposed state: Republic of Western Armenia
- Political organisations: Armenian Revolutionary Federation[49]
Uzbekistan
- Ethnic group: Karakalpaks
- Purposed state:
Republic of Karakalpakstan - Advocacy group: Free Karakalpakstan National Revival Party[50]
- Purposed state:
Vietnam
'
Champa
- Ethnic group: Cham
- Proposed state: Champa
- Advocacy group: International Office of Champa (IOC)[51]
- Militant organisation: Front de Libération du Champa (FLC), part of United Front for the Liberation of Oppressed Races (FULRO), now defunct
- Proposed state: Champa
Tây Nguyên
- Ethnic group: Montagnard
- Proposed autonomous area: Tây Nguyên
- Advocacy group: Montagnard Foundation, Inc.[52] (member of the Unrepresented Nations and Peoples Organization)
- Militant organisation: Front de Libération des Hauts Plateaux (FLHP), part of United Front for the Liberation of Oppressed Races (FULRO), now defunct
- Proposed autonomous area: Tây Nguyên
- Ethnic group: Khmer Krom
- Proposed autonomous area: Cochinchina,
or union with Cambodia - Advocacy group: Khmers Kampuchea-Krom Federation (KKF)[53]
- Militant organisation: Front de Libération du Kampuchea Krom (FLKK), part of United Front for the Liberation of Oppressed Races (FURLO), now defunct
- Proposed autonomous area: Cochinchina,
Yemen
- Proposed state:
State of Aden
- Ethnic group: Adeni Arabs, Hadhrami Arabs, Mehri people
- Proposed state:
South Yemen[54] - Political party: South Yemen Movement
- Proposed state:
- Proposed state: Socotra[55][56]
See also
- List of active separatist movements
- List of historical separatist movements
- Autonomous area
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 "Roots of the Conflict". El Gringo. Archived from the original on 2009-10-23. Retrieved 2009-04-10.
- ↑
- ↑ "Russia’s Javakhk Diaspora demands autonomous region status for Samtskhe-Javakhk". Times.am. Retrieved 28 February 2010.
- ↑ "US State Department and Javakhk: The WikiLeaks Cables Part I". Asbarez. Retrieved 9 September 2011.
- ↑ ""Inner Mongolian People’s Party" and the basic facts about its key members". Southern Mongolian Human Rights Information Center. Retrieved 2009-04-11.
- ↑ "モンゴル自由連盟党". Retrieved 2010-11-22.(JP)
- ↑ "Speech of His Holiness the Dalai Lama to the European Parliament, Strasbourg". The Office of His Holiness the Dalai Lama. 2001-10-14. Retrieved 2009-04-11.
- ↑ "INTERNATIONAL TIBET INDEPENDENCE MOVEMENT". International Tibet Independence Movement. Retrieved 2009-04-11.
- ↑ "Muslim United Liberation Tigers of Assam (MULTA)". South Asia Terrorist Portal. Retrieved 2009-04-10.
- ↑ "India - Terrorist, insurgent and extremist groups". South Asia Terrorist Portal. Retrieved 2009-04-10.
- ↑ "Perhatian Buruk! Warga Perbatasan Ancam Kibarkan Bendera Malaysia" (in Indonesian). Tribun News. 4 August 2011. Retrieved 4 July 2014.
- ↑ "Duh, WNI di Perbatasan Ancam Gabung ke Malaysia" (in Indonesian). I Today. 1 May 2012. Retrieved 4 July 2014.
- ↑ "Sejumlah Kecamatan Perbatasan Ingin Gabung Malaysia" (in Indonesian). JPNN. 11 May 2011. Retrieved 4 July 2014.
- ↑ "Warga Sebatik Ingin Gabung ke Malaysia, NKRI Diambang Kehancuran?" (in Indonesian). Jawaban News. 12 May 2011. Retrieved 4 July 2014.
- ↑
- ↑ http://www.indonesiamatters.com/758/minahasa-nationalism/
- ↑ http://www.nasty-bali.org/sulawesi-separatists.html
- ↑ The Jakarta Post (2000). People’s Congress votes for Riau independence. February 2. , accessed July 2, 2009.
- ↑ Saha, Santosh C. (2006). Perspectives on Contemporary Ethnic Conflict. Lexington Books. p. 63. Retrieved 20 May 2011.
- ↑ Minahan, James (2002). Encyclopedia of the Stateless Nations: S-Z. Westport, Connecticut: Greenwood Publishing Group. p. 2055. ISBN 978-0-313-32384-3. Retrieved 20 May 2011.
- ↑ http://southazerbaijan.info/en/nizam.php
- ↑ http://www.al-ahwaz.com/english/2009/index.php?page=news&a_p_no=1&w_p_no=1&ar_p_no=23-1-2008-1 National Libration [sic] Movement of Ahwaz
- ↑ "Democratic Party of Iranian Kurdistan". Democratic Party of Iranian Kurdistan. Retrieved 2009-04-11.
- ↑ Madiha Rashid al Madfai, Jordan, the United States and the Middle East Peace Process, 1974-1991, Cambridge Middle East Library, Cambridge University Press (1993). ISBN 0-521-41523-3. p. 21:"On 28 October 1974, the seventh Arab summit conference held in Rabat designated the PLO as the sole legitimate representative of the Palestinian people and reaffirmed their right to establish an independent state of urgency."
- ↑ Geldenhuys, Deon (1990). Isolated states: a comparative analysis. Cambridge University Press. p. 155. ISBN 978-0-521-40268-2. ISBN 0-521-40268-9.
- ↑ http://www.fourwinds10.net/siterun_data/peace_freedom/patriots_and_protesters/news.php?q=1239483589
- ↑ http://asiangazette.blogspot.com/2010/02/ainu-claim-independence-to-prime.html
- ↑ 28.0 28.1 28.2 28.3 "Group draws up self determination petition for Sarawak and Sabah". The Borneo Post. 13 August 2014. Retrieved 12 November 2014.
- ↑ 29.0 29.1 "Many in Sabah, Sarawak don't want to be part of Malaysia, claims analyst". The Rakyat Post. 16 February 2014. Retrieved 12 November 2014.
- ↑ 30.0 30.1 "Sabahan secession instigator unfazed by impending probe". The Star. 6 September 2014. Retrieved 12 November 2014.
- ↑
- ↑ http://www.balochvoice.com/
- ↑ Regelado, Edith (4 November 2014). "MILF organizing political party for 2016 and beyond". The Philippine Star. Retrieved 25 January 2015.
- ↑ Pike, John. "Abu Sayyaf Group (ASG)". FAS Intelligence Resource Program. Retrieved 20 February 2015.
- ↑ Chido, Diane. "Intel Brief: The Abu Sayyaf model". International Relations and Security Network. International Relations and Security Network. Retrieved 20 February 2015.
- ↑ 36.0 36.1 "BIFF, Abu Sayyaf pledge allegiance to Islamic State jihadists". GMA News. Agence France-Presse. 16 August 2014. Retrieved 20 February 2015.
- ↑ http://www.interaksyon.com/article/41288/milf-says-mnlf-joins-fray-on-side-of-bifm
- ↑ 38.0 38.1 Sabillo, Kristine Angeli (20 February 2015). "BIFF only wants Islamic state". Philippine Daily Inquirer. Retrieved 20 February 2015.
- ↑ Latiff, Rozanna (27 September 2014). "Alert on Malay-speaking militants’ link-up". New Straits Times Online.
|first2=missing|last2=in Authors list (help) - ↑ "Cordillera Solons expressed views on regional autonomy". National Economic and Development Authority - Cordillera Administrative Region. 12 August 2013. Retrieved 28 February 2015.
- ↑
- ↑ Peacehalle.com
- ↑ "Pattani United Liberation Organization (PULO)". GlobalSecurity.org. Retrieved 2009-04-10.
- ↑ G Vinod (4 September 2012). "Thai insurgents raise Malaysian flag". Free Malaysia Today. Retrieved 4 July 2014.
- ↑ Aulia Akbar (31 August 2012). "Pemberontak Thailand Kibarkan Bendera Malaysia" (in Indonesian). Okezone. Retrieved 4 July 2014.
- ↑ "Phiến quân đốt cờ Thái ở miền Nam bất ổn" (in Vietnamese). Bao Binh Dinh. 31 August 2012. Retrieved 4 July 2014.
- ↑ Pike, John (21 May 2004). "Kurdistan Workers' Party (PKK)". Federation of American Scientists. Retrieved 23 July 2008.
- ↑
- ↑
- ↑ "Uzbekistan: Shadowy Group Agitates For 'Free Karakalpakstan'". Radio Free Europe. 2008-04-05. Retrieved 2009-04-11.
- ↑ "IOC-Champa". International Office of Champa. Retrieved 2014-02-16.
- ↑ "Montagnard Foundation home page". Montagnard Foundation. Retrieved 2009-04-10.
- ↑ "Khmers Kampuchea-Krom Federation". Khmers Kampuchea-Krom Federation. Retrieved 2014-02-16.
- ↑ "Five killed at secessionist protest in south Yemen". London: BBC. 2009-11-25. Retrieved 2009-11-25.
- ↑ http://www.merip.org/mer/mer263/revolution-socotra
- ↑ http://www.yementimes.com/en/1716/intreview/2950/%E2%80%9CIt%E2%80%99s-a-political-sham-to-set-geographical-regions-based-on-vague-standards-without-any-legal-constitutional-or-political-authority%E2%80%9D.htm
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