Defector |
Profession/Prominence |
Country |
Year of Defection |
Notes |
Erwin Borchers | French Foreign Legion | France | 1945 | Defected to the Viet Minh[1] |
Ernst Frey | French Foreign Legion | France | 1945 | Defected to the Viet Minh[2] |
Siegfried Wenzel | French Foreign Legion | France | 1945 | Defected to the Viet Minh[3] |
Costas Sarantidis | French Foreign Legion | France | 1946 | Defected to the Viet Minh[4] |
Stefan Kubiak | French Foreign Legion | France | 1946 | Defected to the Viet Minh[5] |
Park Si-Hyeong | Historian | South Korea (U.S. Occupation Zone) | 1946 | Defected to North Korea (Soviet Occupation Zone)[6] |
Karl-Eduard von Schnitzler | BBC journalist | West Germany (British Occupation Zone) | 1947 | Defected to East Germany (Soviet Occupation Zone[7] |
Emil Selhofer | French Foreign Legion | France | 1947 | Defected to the Viet Minh[8] |
George Shaw Wheeler | Economist | US | 1947 | Defected to Czechoslovakia |
Annabelle Bucar | State Department | US | 1948 | Defected to the Soviet Union[9] |
Hong Myong-Hui | Writer | South Korea | 1948 | Defected to North Korea[10] |
Kang Tae-Mu | Republic of Korea Army | South Korea | 1948 | Defected to North Korea[11] |
Kim Sun-Nam | Composer | South Korea | 1948 | Defected to North Korea[12] |
George Koval | Atomic spy | US | 1948 | Defected to the Soviet Union |
James McMillin | United States Army cryptographer | US | 1948 | Defected to the Soviet Union |
Pyo Mu-Won | Republic of Korea Army | South Korea | 1948 | Defected to North Korea[11] |
Albert Clavier | French Army | France | 1949 | Defected to the Viet Minh[13] |
Robert Dagleish | Foreign Office | United Kingdom | 1949 | Defected to the Soviet Union[14] |
Gerhart Eisler | Journalist | US | 1949 | Defected to East Germany |
Noel Field | State Department | US | 1949 | Defected to Czechoslovakia |
Archibald Johnstone | Journalist | United Kingdom | 1949 | Defected to the Soviet Union[14] |
James Stuart | British Army | United Kingdom | 1949 | Defected to East Germany[15] |
Miroslav Surý | French Foreign Legion | France | 1949 | Defected to the Viet Minh[16] |
František Vaňhara | French Foreign Legion | France | 1949 | Defected to the Viet Minh[16] |
David Young | Royal Navy | United Kingdom | 1949 | Defected to the People's Republic of China[17] |
Ian Milner | United Nations diplomat | Australia | 1950 | Defected to Czechoslovakia[18] |
Ján Poláček | French Foreign Legion | France | 1950 | Defected to the Viet Minh[16] |
Bruno Pontecorvo | Atomic physicist | Italy / United Kingdom | 1950 | Defected to the Soviet Union |
John Peet | Reuters correspondent | United Kingdom | 1950 | Defected to East Germany |
Nâzım Hikmet Ran | Writer | Turkey | 1950 | Defected to the Soviet Union |
Ri Sung Gi | Seoul National University chemistry professor | South Korea | 1950 | Defected to North Korea |
Arna Rides | British Council medical adviser | United Kingdom | 1950 | Defected to Czechoslovakia[19] |
Josef Zvoník | French Foreign Legion | France | 1950 | Defected to the Viet Minh[16] |
Guy Burgess | Foreign Office /MI5 | United Kingdom | 1951 | Defected to the Soviet Union |
Donald Maclean | Foreign Office | United Kingdom | 1951 | Defected to the Soviet Union |
Alfred Sarant | Military engineer / Atomic spy | US | 1951 | Defected to People's Republic of Poland, then to the Soviet Union |
Joel Barr | Military engineer / Atomic spy | US | 1951 | Defected to Czechoslovakia, then to the Soviet Union |
Margaret Schlauch | New York University English professor | US | 1951 | Defected to the People's Republic of Poland[20] |
Weng Wenhao | Geologist and Kuomintang politician | Taiwan | 1951 | Defected to the People's Republic of China[21] |
Heiner Braun | Track athlete (5000 meters) | West Germany | 1952 | Defected to East Germany[22] |
Stefan Heym | United States Army / Writer | US | 1952 | Defected to Czechoslovakia, then to East Germany |
Günther Gereke | Christian Democratic Union politician | West Germany | 1952 | Defected to East Germany[23] |
Victor Grossman | United States Army | US | 1952 | Defected to East Germany[24] |
Kug Yong Am | Republic of Korea Army | South Korea | 1952 | Defected to North Korea[25] |
Charles Lucas | United States Army | US | 1952 | Defected to East Germany[26] |
Aubrey E. Miles | United States Army | US | 1952 | Defected to East Germany[27] |
Wolfgang Gans zu Putlitz | MI5 | United Kingdom | 1952 | Defected to East Germany[28] |
Miloud Salhi | French Army | France | 1952 | Defected to the Viet Minh[29] |
Clarence Adams | United States Army | US | 1953 | Defected to the People's Republic of China[30] |
Howard Gayle Adams | United States Army | US | 1953 | Defected to the People's Republic of China[30] |
Albert Constant Belhomme | United States Army | US | 1953 | Defected to the People's Republic of China[30] |
Otto Grayson Bell | United States Army | US | 1953 | Defected to the People's Republic of China[30] |
Arthur Boyd | United States Army | US | 1953 | Defected to East Germany[31] |
Andrew Condron | Royal Marines | United Kingdom | 1953 | Defected to the People's Republic of China[32] |
Richard G. Corden | United States Army | US | 1953 | Defected to the People's Republic of China[30] |
William Cowart | United States Army | US | 1953 | Defected to the People's Republic of China[30] |
W. Glancy | British Army | United Kingdom | 1953 | Defected to East Germany[33] |
Rufus Douglas | United States Army | US | 1953 | Defected to the People's Republic of China[30] |
John Roedel Dunn | United States Army | US | 1953 | Defected to the People's Republic of China[30] |
Andrew Fortuna | United States Army | US | 1953 | Defected to the People's Republic of China[30] |
Hans Joachim Geyer | Gehlen Organization | West Germany | 1953 | Defected to East Germany[34] |
Lewis Griggs | United States Army | US | 1953 | Defected to the People's Republic of China[30] |
Samuel David Hawkins | United States Army | US | 1953 | Defected to the People's Republic of China |
Wolfgang Höher | Gehlen Organization | West Germany | 1953 | Defected to East Germany[35] |
R. Irvine | British Army | United Kingdom | 1953 | Defected to East Germany[33] |
Kim Sung Bai | Republic of Korea Air Force | South Korea | 1953 | Defected to North Korea[36] |
S. Lewes | British Army | United Kingdom | 1953 | Defected to East Germany[33] |
data-sort-value=""Lowell, Norman M." align=left|Norman M. Lowell | United States Army | US | 1953 | Defected to East Germany[37] |
R. W. Luwman | Royal Netherlands Army | Netherlands | 1953 | Defected to East Germany[38] |
Clifford F. Murphy | United States Army | US | 1953 | Defected to East Germany[39] |
Arlie Pate | United States Army | US | 1953 | Defected to the People's Republic of China[30] |
Scott Rush | United States Army | US | 1953 | Defected to the People's Republic of China[30] |
Lowell Skinner | United States Army | US | 1953 | Defected to the People's Republic of China[30] |
Larance Sullivan | United States Army | US | 1953 | Defected to the People's Republic of China[30] |
Richard Tenneson | United States Army | US | 1953 | Defected to the People's Republic of China[30] |
James Veneris | United States Army | US | 1953 | Defected to the People's Republic of China[30] |
Harold Webb | United States Army | US | 1953 | Defected to the People's Republic of China[30] |
R. Wanroy | Royal Netherlands Army | Netherlands | 1953 | Defected to East Germany[38] |
William White | United States Army | US | 1953 | Defected to the People's Republic of China[30] |
Morris Wills | United States Army | US | 1953 | Defected to the People's Republic of China[30] |
Aaron Wilson | United States Army | US | 1953 | Defected to the People's Republic of China[30] |
Stanislaw Zdanowski | United States Army | US | 1953 | Defected to the People's Republic of Poland[40] |
William Donal Adkins | United States Army | US | 1954 | Defected to the Soviet Union[41] |
Choi Man Chong | Republic of Korea Air Force | South Korea | 1954 | Defected to North Korea[42] |
Joseph Cort | Doctor of medicine and University of Birmingham physiology lecturer | US | 1954 | Defected to Czechoslovakia[43] |
James Davis | United States Army | US | 1954 | Defected to Czechoslovakia[44] |
Bruno Folta | Radio announcer | West Germany | 1954 | Defected to Czechoslovakia[45] |
Raymond H. Hutto | United States Army | US | 1954 | Defected to East Germany[46] |
Otto John | Bundesamt für Verfassungsschutz | West Germany | 1954 | Defected to East Germany |
Karl Franz Schmidt-Wittmack | Bundestag deputy and Christian Democratic Union politician | West Germany | 1954 | Defected to East Germany[47] |
Richard Squires | British Army | United Kingdom | 1954 | Defected to the Soviet Union[48] |
William Turner | United States Army | US | 1954 | Defected to the Soviet Union[49] |
Ralph Bernard Frederick Cross | Canadian Army | Canada | 1955 | Defected to East Germany[50] |
James W. Pulley | United States Army | US | 1955 | Defected to East Germany[46] |
Manfred von Brauchitsch | Racing driver | West Germany | 1955 | Defected to East Germany |
Ho Wei-Chin | Republic of China Air Force | Taiwan | 1955 | Defected to the People's Republic of China[51] |
B. F. Holland | United States Army | US | 1955 | Defected to East Germany[52] |
Horst Spanier | United States Army | US | 1955 | Defected to East Germany[53] |
Wei Li-Huang | Republic of China Army | Taiwan | 1955 | Defected to the People's Republic of China[54] |
Henri Maillot | French Army | France | 1956 | Defected to the National Liberation Front |
Wolf-Dieter Loebl | Bundeswehr | West Germany | 1956 | Defected to East Germany[55] |
Orest Stephen Makar | Photogrammetrist and St. Louis University engineering associate professor | US | 1956 | Defected to the Soviet Union[56] |
Anthony Wraight | Royal Air Force | United Kingdom | 1956 | Defected to the Soviet Union[57] |
Augustin Cabrera Oroza | Spanish Navy | Spain | 1957 | Defected to Mexico[58] |
Manuel Fernandez Rodriguez | Spanish Navy | Spain | 1957 | Defected to Mexico[58] |
Ginas Jiminez Nortes | Spanish Navy | Spain | 1957 | Defected to Mexico[58] |
Enrique Medina Fernandez | Spanish Navy | Spain | 1957 | Defected to Mexico[58] |
Jürgen Mickeleit | Bundeswehr | West Germany | 1957 | Defected to East Germany[59] |
Victor Rodriguez | Spanish Navy | Spain | 1957 | Defected to Mexico[58] |
Alfred Kaufman Stern | Philanthropist | US | 1957 | Defected to Czechoslovakia |
Martha Dodd Stern | Philanthropist | US | 1957 | Defected to Czechoslovakia |
Ernie Fletcher | United States Army | US | 1959 | Defected to East Germany[60] |
Klaus Fuchs | Atomic spy | United Kingdom | 1959 | Exchanged to East Germany |
Ho Ye-Chen | Republic of China Army | Taiwan | 1959 | Defected to the People's Republic of China[61] |
Arnold Kephart | United States Army | US | 1959 | Defected to East Germany[62] |
Billy Mullis | United States Army | US | 1959 | Defected to East Germany[63] |
Lee Harvey Oswald | United States Marine Corps | US | 1959 | Defected to the Soviet Union |
Libero Ricciardelli | United States Air Force | US | 1959 | Defected to the Soviet Union[64] |
Franz Julius Schröder | Christian Democratic Union aide | West Germany | 1959 | Defected to East Germany[65] |
Arthur Wegner | University of Münster law professor | West Germany | 1959 | Defected to East Germany[66] |
John B. Witt | United States Army | US | 1959 | Defected to Czechoslovakia[67] |
Franz Böttger | Bundeswehr | West Germany | 1960 | Defected to East Germany[68] |
Guy Bouchard | Canadian Army | Canada | 1960 | Defected to East Germany[69] |
Horst Braun | Bundesluftwaffe | West Germany | 1960 | Defected to East Germany[68] |
Bruce Davis | United States Army | US | 1960 | Defected to the Soviet Union[49] |
Joseph Dutkanicz | United States Army Military Intelligence | US | 1960 | Defected to the Soviet Union |
Richard Gromek | Bundeswehr | West Germany | 1960 | Defected to East Germany[70] |
Gilbert Paul Jenkerson | British Army | United Kingdom | 1960 | Defected to East Germany[71] |
Bernon F. Mitchell | National Security Agency | US | 1960 | Defected to the Soviet Union |
William H. Martin | National Security Agency | US | 1960 | Defected to the Soviet Union |
Peter Petrich | Bundeswehr | West Germany | 1960 | Defected to East Germany[70] |
Serafin Sanchez | United States Air Force | US | 1960 | Defected to Cuba[72] |
Paul Schlüter | Social Democratic Party of Germany politician | West Germany | 1960 | Defected to East Germany[73] |
Vladimir Sloboda | United States Army Military Intelligence | US | 1960 | Defected to the Soviet Union[74] |
John Strobl | Canadian Army | Canada | 1960 | Defected to East Germany[75] |
Horst Tuschla | Bundeswehr | West Germany | 1960 | Defected to East Germany[68] |
Otto Weissenberger | Cartographer | West Germany | 1960 | Defected to East Germany[76] |
Walter Barth | Bundeswehr | West Germany | 1961 | Defected to East Germany[77] |
Walter Hagemann | Christian Democratic Union politician and University of Münster journalism professor | West Germany | 1961 | Defected to East Germany[78] |
K. H. Falk | Bundesamt für Verfassungsschutz | West Germany | 1961 | Defected to East Germany[79] |
Fernando Ganhao | Portuguese Army | Portugal | 1961 | Defected to the Liberation Front of Mozambique[80] |
Ollie Harrington | Cartoonist | US | 1961 | Defected to East Germany |
Junge family | University of Washington scientists | US | 1961 | Defected to Czechoslovakia[81] |
Winfried Krychowski | Bundeswehr | West Germany | 1961 | Defected to East Germany[77] |
Mohamed Lamari | French Army | France | 1961 | Defected to the National Liberation Front |
Wolfgang Objeglo | Bundeswehr | West Germany | 1961 | Defected to East Germany[77] |
Mário Moutinho de Pádua | Portuguese Army | Portugal | 1961 | Defected to the Republic of Congo[82] |
Larry Allen Abshier | United States Army | US | 1962 | Defected to North Korea |
Wilfried Alsguth | Bundeswehr | West Germany | 1962 | Defected to East Germany[83] |
Herbert Böhmer | Bundeswehr | West Germany | 1962 | Defected to East Germany[83] |
Heinz-Dieter Brehning | Bundeswehr | West Germany | 1962 | Defected to East Germany[83] |
James Joseph Dresnok | United States Army | US | 1962 | Defected to North Korea |
Günther Fischer | Bundeswehr | West Germany | 1962 | Defected to East Germany[83] |
Heinrich Frank | Bundeswehr | West Germany | 1962 | Defected to East Germany[83] |
R. S. Hareld | United States Army | US | 1962 | Defected to Czechoslovakia[84] |
Guntram Hoffmann | Bundeswehr | West Germany | 1962 | Defected to East Germany[83] |
Bobby Joe Keesee | United States Army | US | 1962 | Defected to Cuba[85] |
Henry Kiernan | United States Army | US | 1962 | Defected to East Germany[86] |
Albert Kostede | Bundeswehr | West Germany | 1962 | Defected to East Germany[83] |
Richard Lang | Bundeswehr | West Germany | 1962 | Defected to East Germany[83] |
David Michael | Engineer | US | 1962 | Defected to Cuba[87] |
Erwin Miran | Bundeswehr | West Germany | 1962 | Defected to East Germany[83] |
Nguyen Van Cu | Vietnam Air Force | South Vietnam | 1962 | Defected to the Kingdom of Cambodia[88] |
Klaus Reichardt | Bundesluftwaffe | West Germany | 1962 | Defected to East Germany[83] |
Willi Salzmann | Bundeswehr | West Germany | 1962 | Defected to East Germany[83] |
Peter-Joseph Schödder | Bundeswehr | West Germany | 1962 | Defected to East Germany[83] |
Manfred Schüssler | Bundeswehr | West Germany | 1962 | Defected to East Germany[83] |
Horst Pilger | Bundeswehr | West Germany | 1962 | Defected to East Germany[83] |
Peter Pitzen | Bundeswehr | West Germany | 1962 | Defected to East Germany[83] |
Bodo Ratzinger | Bundeswehr | West Germany | 1962 | Defected to East Germany[83] |
Dieter Schmutzler | Bundeswehr | West Germany | 1962 | Defected to East Germany[83] |
Otto Schwarz | Bundeswehr | West Germany | 1962 | Defected to East Germany[83] |
Ronald Stanley | British Army | United Kingdom | 1962 | Defected to East Germany[89] |
Jürgen Steinigtweg | Bundesmarine Aviation Wing | West Germany | 1962 | Defected to East Germany[83] |
Robert Stuckhaus | Bundeswehr | West Germany | 1962 | Defected to East Germany[83] |
Wolfgang Vogt | Bundesluftwaffe | West Germany | 1962 | Defected to East Germany[83] |
Berthold Wizien | Bundeswehr | West Germany | 1962 | Defected to East Germany[83] |
Thomas Badey | United States Army | US | 1963 | Defected to East Germany[90] |
Frank Barton | United States Army | US | 1963 | Defected to East Germany[91] |
Richard Bourret | Physicist | US | 1963 | Defected to Cuba[92] |
Benjamin Cain | United States Army | US | 1963 | Defected to East Germany[93] |
Klaus Chepelier | Bundeswehr | West Germany | 1963 | Defected to East Germany[94] |
Victor Norris Hamilton | National Security Agency | US | 1963 | Defected to the Soviet Union |
Reymond Herzet | Belgian Army | Belgium | 1963 | Defected to East Germany[95] |
Gary Martzke | United States Army | US | 1963 | Defected to East Germany[96] |
Roberto "Robert" Ramos Michelena | United States Air Force | US | 1963 | Defected to Cuba[97] |
James Carl Moore | United States Army | US | 1963 | Defected to East Germany[98] |
Heinrich James Newton | United States Army | US | 1963 | Defected to East Germany[99] |
Jerry Wayne Parrish | United States Army | US | 1963 | Defected to North Korea |
Brian Patchett | British Army | United Kingdom | 1963 | Defected to East Germany[100] |
Christopher John Pengate | British Army | United Kingdom | 1963 | Defected to East Germany[101] |
Kim Philby | Secret Intelligence Service | United Kingdom | 1963 | Defected to the Soviet Union |
Alfred Svenson | United States Army | US | 1963 | Defected to East Germany[102] |
Willard E. Valentini | United States Army | US | 1963 | Defected to East Germany[103] |
Jacinto Veloso | Portuguese Air Force | Portugal | 1963 | Defected to the Liberation Front of Mozambique[104] |
Chan Chueh | Olympic Games official | Taiwan | 1964 | Defected to the People's Republic of China[105] |
Cheng Yi-Ming | Intelligence Bureau | Taiwan | 1964 | Defected to the People's Republic of China[106] |
Li Fung-Ryong | Republic of Korea Army | South Korea | 1964 | Defected to North Korea[107] |
Theo van Eijck | Marine-Luchtvaartdienst | Netherlands | 1964 | Defected to Libya[108] |
Anatoly P. Kotloby | Rocket scientist | US | 1964 | Defected to the Soviet Union[109] |
Ma Ching-Shan | Olympic sharpshooter | Taiwan | 1964 | Defected to the People's Republic of China[110] |
Claude Swain | United States Army | US | 1964 | Defected to East Germany[111] |
Zhao Zongli | Republic of China Navy | Taiwan | 1964 | Defected to the People's Republic of China[112] |
Bui Van Trach | Vietnam Air Force | South Vietnam | 1965 | Defected to the Kingdom of Cambodia[113] |
Chan Chen-Chin | Republic of China Army | Taiwan | 1965 | Defected to the People's Republic of China[114] |
Chen Li | Intelligence Bureau | Taiwan | 1965 | Defected to the People's Republic of China[115] |
Alfred Frenzel | Social Democratic Party of Germany politician | West Germany | 1965 | Exchanged to East Germany |
Hua Tsu-Hsin | Diplomat | Taiwan | 1965 | Defected to the People's Republic of China[116] |
Charles Robert Jenkins | United States Army | US | 1965 | Defected to North Korea |
Glen Roy Rohrer | United States Army Military Intelligence | US | 1965 | Defected to Czechoslovakia |
Ana Maria Silva Pais | Daughter of PIDE Director Fernando Silva | Portugal | 1965 | Defected to Cuba[117] |
Li Zongren | Former Kuomintang politician, vice president and acting president of China | US | 1965 | Defected to the People's Republic of China[118] |
Nguyen Chi Canh | Huế police chief | South Vietnam | 1965 | Defected to North Vietnam[119] |
Stephen Biggs | British Army | United Kingdom | 1965 | Defected to East Germany[120] |
Harold M. Koch | Roman Catholic priest | US | 1966 | Defected to the Soviet Union[121] |
John Discoe Smith | State Department | US | 1966 | Defected to the Soviet Union[122][123] |
Nguyen Duch Hien | Vietnam Air Force | South Vietnam | 1966 | Defected to the Kingdom of Cambodia[124] |
Craig Anderson | United States Navy | US | 1967 | Defected to Sweden[125] |
Richard Bailey | United States Navy | US | 1967 | Defected to Sweden[125] |
Costa Calfelis | Journalist | Greece | 1967 | Defected to Switzerland[126] |
John Barilla | United States Navy | US | 1967 | Defected to Sweden[125] |
George Blake | Secret Intelligence Service | United Kingdom | 1967 | Defected to the Soviet Union |
Kenneth C. Griggs | United States Army | US | 1967 | Defected to Cuba[127] |
Roy Ray Jones | United States Army | US | 1967 | Defected to Sweden[128] |
Steve Kinnaman | United States Army | US | 1967 | Defected to Sweden[129] |
Michael Lindner | United States Navy | US | 1967 | Defected to Sweden[125] |
McKinley Nolan | United States Army | US | 1967 | Defected to North Vietnam[130] |
Richard Harwood Pearce | United States Army | US | 1967 | Defected to Cuba[131] |
Arnold Schölzel | Bundeswehr | West Germany | 1967 | Defected to East Germany |
Tseng Chao-Ping | Republic of China Air Force | Taiwan | 1967 | Defected to the People's Republic of China[132] |
Robert Argento | United States Army | US | 1968 | Defected to Sweden[133] |
Edwin Arnett | United States Army | US | 1968 | Defected to Sweden[134] |
John Ashley | United States Army | US | 1968 | Defected to Sweden[133] |
Samuel Brown | United States Army | US | 1968 | Defected to Sweden[135] |
Gerald Burger | United States Army | US | 1968 | Defected to Sweden[135] |
Robert Burroughs | United States Army | US | 1968 | Defected to Sweden[133] |
Robert Carroll | United States Army | US | 1968 | Defected to Sweden[135] |
Kenneth Cooper | United States Army | US | 1968 | Defected to Sweden[135] |
Erwin Foster | United States Army | US | 1968 | Defected to Sweden[133] |
David Haire | United States Army | US | 1968 | Defected to Sweden[136] |
Rodney Huth | United States Army | US | 1968 | Defected to Sweden[135] |
Edward Johnson | United States Army | US | 1968 | Defected to Sweden[136] |
William Jones | United States Army | US | 1968 | Defected to Sweden[133] |
Richard Lee McKinney | United States Marine Corps | US | 1968 | Defected to Sweden[137] |
Peter Moebius | Physicist | West Germany | 1968 | Defected to East Germany[138] |
Justin Olson | United States Army | US | 1968 | Defected to Sweden[133] |
Herbert Patzelt | European Atomic Energy Community aide | West Germany | 1968 | Defected to East Germany[138] |
William Percell | United States Army | US | 1968 | Defected to Sweden[136] |
Ehrenfried Petras | Microbiologist | West Germany | 1968 | Defected to East Germany[139] |
Bruce Proctor | Former Defense Intelligence Agency analyst | US | 1968 | Defected to Sweden[140] |
Richard Lee Propp | United States Army | US | 1968 | Defected to Sweden[133] |
David Roman | United States Army | US | 1968 | Defected to Sweden[135] |
Raymond Sansiviero | United States Marine Corps | US | 1968 | Defected to Sweden[141] |
Parker Smith | United States Army | US | 1968 | Defected to Sweden[133] |
Vincent Strollo | United States Army | US | 1968 | Defected to Sweden[135] |
Richard Tannimura | United States Army | US | 1968 | Defected to Sweden[135] |
Gregory Vitarelle | United States Army | US | 1968 | Defected to Sweden[135] |
Mark Warrell | United States Army | US | 1968 | Defected to Sweden[135] |
Eugene Westbrooks | United States Army | US | 1968 | Defected to Sweden[135] |
J. W. Wright | United States Air Force | US | 1968 | Defected to the Soviet Union[142] |
William Lee Brent | Black Panther Party activist | US | 1969 | Defected to Cuba |
Irvin Leon Butler | United States Navy | US | 1969 | Defected to Sweden[143] |
Lona Cohen | Atomic spies | US | 1969 | Exchanged to the Soviet Union |
Morris | Atomic spies | US | 1969 | Exchanged to the Soviet Union |
Jerry Bhagwan Dass | United States Army | US | 1969 | Defected to Sweden[144] |
Robert Edward Dostlik | United States Marine Corps | US | 1969 | Defected to Cuba[145] |
Heinz Felfe | Bundesnachrichtendienst | West Germany | 1969 | Exchanged to East Germany |
Olaf Foertsch | Bundeswehr | West Germany | 1969 | Defected to East Germany[146] |
Ludwig Gummert | Bundeswehr | West Germany | 1969 | Defected to East Germany[147] |
Thomas Kavanaugh | United States Army | US | 1969 | Defected to East Germany[148] |
Hans-Joachim Kruse | Bundeswehr | West Germany | 1969 | Defected to East Germany[149] |
Robert Kündiger | Bundesmarine | West Germany | 1969 | Defected to East Germany[150] |
John Lowney | United States Marine Corps | US | 1969 | Defected to North Vietnam[151] |
Vassilios Tsironis | Doctor of medicine | Greece | 1969 | Defected to the People's Republic of Albania[152] |
Zhou Zhende | Republic of China Army | Taiwan | 1969 | Defected to the People's Republic of China[153] |
Alvin Glatkowski | United States Merchant Marine | US | 1970 | Attempted defection to Cambodia |
Clyde McKay | United States Merchant Marine | US | 1970 | Attempted defection to Cambodia |
Larry Humphrey | United States Army | US | 1970 | Defected to Cambodia[154] |
Mihalis Maniadakis | Royal Hellenic Air Force | Greece | 1970 | Defected to the Soviet Union[155] |
Chang Shuang-Chao | Ministry of Finance aide | Taiwan | 1971 | Defected to the People's Republic of China[156] |
Sun Chi-Chou | Diplomat | Taiwan | 1971 | Defected to the People's Republic of China[157] |
Hans-Dieter Reinkensmeier | German Army Aviation Corps | West Germany | 1971 | Defected to East Germany[158] |
Harold Hill | Rolls-Royce Limited engineer | United Kingdom | 1971 | Defected to the Soviet Union[159] |
Esteban Llana | United States Air Force | US | 1971 | Defected to Panama[160] |
Jaime Morais | Portuguese Army | Portugal | 1971 | Defected to Sweden[161] |
Bernard Pryer | United States Army | US | 1971 | Defected to Panama[160] |
John R. Vequist | United States Army | US | 1971 | Defected to Sweden[162] |
Tobey Wagner | United States Army | US | 1971 | Defected to Panama[160] |
Kevin Cadwallader | British Army | United Kingdom | 1972 | Defected to Sweden[163] |
Ngo Cong Duc | Journalist | South Vietnam | 1972 | Defected to Sweden[164] |
Pham Van Dinh | Army of the Republic of Vietnam | South Vietnam | 1972 | Defected to North Vietnam[159] |
Sung Wei-Pi | Former diplomat | Taiwan | 1973 | Defected to the People's Republic of China[165] |
Gerard Burns | British Army | United Kingdom | 1974 | Defected to Ireland[166] |
Nguyen Thanh Trung | Vietnam Air Force | South Vietnam | 1975 | Defected to North Vietnam[167] |
Jürgen Schneider | Bundeswehr | West Germany | 1976 | Defected to East Germany[168] |
Bong Ju | Republic of Korea Army | South Korea | 1977 | Defected to North Korea[169] |
William Joseph Black | United States Army | US | 1977 | Defected to Czechoslovakia[170] |
Yu Un Hak | Republic of Korea Army | South Korea | 1977 | Defected to North Korea[169] |
Robert Thompson | United States Air Force | US | 1978 | Exchanged to the Soviet Union |
Erhard Mueller | Bundesmarine Aviation Wing | West Germany | 1978 | Defected to East Germany[171] |
Li Jun-Gwang | Republic of Korea Army military intelligence | South Korea | 1978 | Defected to North Korea[172] |
Roy Chung | United States Army | US | 1979 | Defected to East Germany, then to North Korea |
Ursel Lorenzen | NATO aide | West Germany | 1979 | Defected to East Germany[173] |
Christel Broszey | Christian Democratic Union aide | West Germany | 1979 | Defected to East Germany[174] |
Inge Goliath | Christian Democratic Union aide | West Germany | 1979 | Defected to East Germany[174] |
Helga Roediger | Federal Ministry of Finance (Germany) | West Germany | 1979 | Defected to East Germany[175] |
Alexander Lambert | South African Bureau of State Security | Republic of South Africa | 1979 | Defected to Sweden[176] |
Justin Lin | Republic of China Army | Taiwan | 1979 | Defected to the People's Republic of China |
Friedrich Tomberg | Pädagogische Hochschule philosophy professor | West Germany | 1979 | Defected to East Germany[177] |
Kim Ryong-Jin | Republic of Korea Army | South Korea | 1979 | Defected to North Korea[178] |
Imelda Verrept | NATO aide | Belgium | 1980 | Defected to East Germany[179] |
Günter Guillaume | Aide to West German Chancellor | West Germany | 1981 | Exchanged to East Germany |
Frank Terpil | Central Intelligence Agency | US | 1981 | Defected to Libya, then to Cuba[180] |
Huang Zhicheng | Republic of China Air Force | Taiwan | 1981 | Defected to the People's Republic of China[181] |
Ma Bi | Kuomintang adviser | Taiwan | 1981 | Defected to the People's Republic of China[182] |
Robert Vesco | Financier | US | 1982 | Defected to Cuba |
Joseph T. White | United States Army | US | 1982 | Defected to North Korea |
Gerhard G. | Bundesamt für Verfassungsschutz | West Germany | 1982 | Defected to East Germany[183] |
Gerald Andreas Eckert | South African Army | Republic of South Africa | 1983 | Defected to Mozambique[184] |
Li Dawei | Republic of China Air Force | Taiwan | 1983 | Defected to the People's Republic of China[185] |
Mun Sang-Chol | Republic of Korea Army | South Korea | 1983 | Defected to North Korea[186] |
Assata Shakur | Black Panther Party activist | US | 1984 | Defected to Cuba |
Xie Yuchen | Film director | Taiwan | 1984 | Defected to the People's Republic of China[187] |
Zhang Jinfeng | Film producer | Taiwan | 1984 | Defected to the People's Republic of China[187] |
Hans Tiedge | Bundesamt für Verfassungsschutz | West Germany | 1985 | Defected to East Germany |
Jeffrey Carney | United States Air Force | US | 1985 | Defected to East Germany |
Ra Il-Ryong | Republic of Korea Army | South Korea | 1985 | Defected to North Korea[188] |
Edward Lee Howard | Central Intelligence Agency | US | 1985 | Defected to the Soviet Union |
Sonja Luenberg | Aide to Minister of the Economy Martin Bangemann | West Germany | 1985 | Defected to East Germany[189] |
Herta-Astrid Willner | Aide to West German Chancellor | West Germany | 1985 | Defected to East Germany[190] |
Herbert Willner | Defense analyst | West Germany | 1985 | Defected to East Germany[190] |
Rudolf Alken | University of Mainz researcher | West Germany | 1985 | Defected to East Germany[191] |
Karl Koecher | Central Intelligence Agency | US | 1986 | Exchanged to Czechoslovakia |
Hugo Almeida | United States Army | US | 1986 | Defected to Cuba |
Glenn Michael Souther | United States Navy | US | 1986 | Defected to the Soviet Union |
Arnold Lokshin | Biochemist | US | 1986 | Defected to the Soviet Union |
Wang Xijue | Airline pilot | Taiwan | 1986 | Defected to the People's Republic of China[192] |
Wade E. Roberts | United States Army | US | 1987 | Defected to the Soviet Union[193] |
Cheryl Branch | Radio announcer | US | 1987 | Defected to the Soviet Union[194] |
Theodore Branch | Radio announcer | US | 1987 | Defected to the Soviet Union[194] |
Choe Deok-Sin | Former South Korean diplomat and foreign minister | US | 1987 | Defected to North Korea |
Song Chang-Gu | United States Army aide | South Korea | 1988 | Defected to North Korea[195] |
Lin Xianshun | Republic of China Air Force | Taiwan | 1989 | Defected to the People's Republic of China[196] |
Michael Peri | United States Army | US | 1989 | Defected to East Germany |