List of Haitian flags

This is a list of flags used in Haiti. For more information about the national flag, visit the article Flag of Haiti.

National flag

Flag	Date	Use	Description
	1806–1849, 1859-1964, 1986-Present	Flag of Haiti	The bicolour flag of 1804, reverted to use by Alexandre Pétion to represent the Republic, while also adopting the coat of arms at the center with the inscription, L'union fait la force (unity makes strength).[1][2]
	1804	Civil ensign	The first flag of the Republic. The generals of the revolution decided to change the flag so that the bands are horizontal.[3]
	1804-1806	Flag of the First Empire of Haiti.	Flag of the First Empire, used by Jean-Jacques Dessalines who proclaimed himself Emperor under the name of Jacques I. He adopted a new flag on 20 May 1805: the blue band was changed to black to symbolize death (black) and freedom (red).[4][5]
	1849–1859	Flag of the Second Empire of Haiti	An attempt to restore the black and red flag which was made in 1844 failed. In 1847, Faustin Soulouque was elected president and in 1849 he proclaimed himself Emperor under the name of Faustin I, who kept the blue and red band, but changed the coat of arms with his own in representation of his monarch rule.[6][7]
	1964–1986	Flag of Haiti used by Duvalier	The new constitution under Duvalier returns to the black and red flag first used by Dessalines, although the coat of arms remains but with color modifications instead of the blue, with black.[8][9]
	1625-1794	Flag of Saint-Domingue	The crown represents the Kingdom of France.
	1794-1803	Flag of Saint-Domingue	The tricolour flag of the French First Republic was adopted after the French Revolution.[10]
	1803	Flag of the Haitian Revolution	Jean-Jacques Dessalines, chief of the black rebels, and Alexandre Pétion, leader of the mulattoes, decide in 1803 to stop fighting alongside the French. On May 18, 1803, Dessalines removes the white band from the French flag and has his relative, Catherine Flon, sew together the blue and red bands together to form the first Haitian flag symbolizing the alliance between the blacks and mulattoes. Dessalines orders that the words Liberté ou la mort (Freedom or death), be inscribed on the flag.[11][12]

Civil flags

Flag	Date	Use	Description
	1806	Flag of the State of Haiti	Flag of the Northern State, used by President Henri Christophe, who adopted the bicolors from the flag of the Haitian Revolution.[13][14]
	1811–1820	Flag of the Kingdom of Haiti	Flag of the Northern Kingdom, used by Henri Christophe, who proclaimed himself King, under the name of Henri I, who maintained the imperial flag of Dessalines inverting colors of red in the hoist and black in the fly with, in the center, adding a shield with a phoenix under five five-pointed stars, all in gold on a blue background; the shield bore a crown and the Latin inscription, Ex Cinerebus Nascitur.[15][16]

References

External links

• Haiti
• Haiti - L'Union Fait La Force
• History of the Haitian Flag of Independence
• The Armorial of Haiti: Symbols of Nobility in the Reign of Henry Christophe
• The Nine Flags in the History of Haiti: 1802 to Present
• République d'Haïti