List of French consorts

See also List of French monarchs and List of Frankish queens

Eugénie de Montijo, the last Empress of France

Marie Antoinette, Queen of Louis XVI was beheaded during the French Revolution

This is a list of the women who have been queens consort or empresses consort of the French monarchy. All monarchs of France were male, although some women have governed France as regents.

53 women were married to French monarchs: 49 queens and three empresses. Ingeborg of Denmark and Anne of Brittany were each queen more than once. Marie Josephine Louise of Savoy was queen de jure during the Republican and Imperial periods, but never wife of the de facto head of the French state.

From 1285–1328, the crowns of Navarre and France were united by virtue of the marriage of Joan I of Navarre to Philip IV of France, and by the succession of their three sons, Louis X, Philip V, and Charles IV. Thus, the wives of these three kings were queens consort not only of France but of Navarre. With the death of Charles IV, however, Navarre passed out of the hands of the French kings until 1589, when Henry III of Navarre became Henry IV of France.

Upon Henry's succession, his wife, Margaret of France, who was already queen consort of Navarre, also became queen consort of France. Thereafter, until 1791, queens of France were also queens of Navarre; the crown of Navarre merged with the French crown in 1620 but the French kings continued to use the title of King of Navarre until 1791. The title "King of Navarre" was reassumed with the Restoration of 1814–15, and dropped with the Revolution of 1830; the Bonaparte and Orléans consorts did not use it.

Regents

Many French consorts acted as regents for their husbands or children, during their minorities. These were:

Catherine de Medici served as regent for her husband and sons

Anne of Kiev, 1060–66, during the minority of her son, Philip I
Adèle of Champagne, 1190–92, while her son was participating in the Third Crusade
Blanche of Castile:
- 1226–1234: During the minority of her son Louis IX
- 1248–1252: During the absence of her son Louis IX on crusade.
Joan the Lame, who often governed for her husband Philip VI whilst he was fighting.
Isabeau of Bavaria (inconsistently between 1393–1420), during the insanity of her husband Charles VI, during which she vied for power with her husband's uncles and brothers.
Catherine de' Medici:
- 1552: While her husband Henry II left the kingdom for the campaign of Metz
- 1560–1563: During the minority of her second son, Charles IX
- 1574: During the absence of her third son, Henry III, in Poland
Marie de' Medici, 1610–1614, during the minority of her son, Louis XIII
Anne of Austria, 1643–1651, during the minority of her son Louis XIV
Empress Eugenie, three times for her husband, Napoleon III, during his absence.

Madame de Maintenon

Madame de Maintenon, mistress of Louis XIV, married the king in the winter of 1685–1686 privately by François de Harlay de Champvallon, archbishop of Paris, in the presence, it is believed, of Père la Chaise, the king's confessor, the Marquis de Montchevreuil, the chevalier de Forbin, and Alexandre Bontemps. Owing to the inequality of social status, she and the King did not marry openly (which would have allowed her to become queen). No written proof of the marriage is extant, but that it took place is nevertheless certain. It is important to remember that Madame de Maintenon was never queen of France, simply a royal consort.

Carolingian Dynasty

Picture	Name	Father	Birth	Marriage	Became queen	Coronation	Ceased to be queen	Death	Spouse
	Ermentrude of Orléans	Odo, Count of Orléans	823	842			869		Charles II the Bald
	Richilde of Provence	Bivin of Gorze	c.845	870			5/6 October 877	2 June 910	Charles II the Bald
	Adelaide of Paris	Adalard of Paris	c. 850-853	February 875	5/6 October 877		10 April 879	10 November 901	Louis II the Stammerer
	Richardis	Erchanger, Count of Nordgau	c.840	862	12 December 884		13 January 888	18 September, 894-896	Charles the Fat
	Théodrate of Troyes		868	before 885	February 888		1 January 898	903	Odo I
	Frederonne		887	907			917		Charles III the Simple
	Eadgifu of England	Edward the Elder of England	902	7 October 919			922	after 955	Charles III the Simple
	Béatrice of Vermandois	Herbert I, Count of Vermandois	c.880	895	922		923	after 931	Robert I
	Emma of France	Robert I of France	894	921	13 July 923		934		Rudolph
	Gerberga of Saxony	Henry the Fowler of Germany	c.913	939			10 September 954	5 May 984	Louis IV
	Emma of Italy	Lothair II of Italy	c.948	965			26 March 986	?	Lothair
Picture	Name	Father	Birth	Marriage	Became queen	Coronation	Ceased to be queen	Death	Spouse

Capetian dynasty, Direct Capetians

Picture	Name	Father	Birth	Marriage	Became queen	Coronation	Ceased to be queen	Death	Spouse
	Adelaide of Aquitaine	William III, Duke of Aquitaine	c. 945	970	3 July 987		24 October 996	1004	Hugh
	Rozala of Italy	Berengar II of Italy	c. 937	988/989	996		996	7 February 1003	Robert II
	Bertha of Burgundy	Conrad of Burgundy	c. 952	996			1000	1035?
	Constance of Arles	William I, Count of Provence	986	1003			20 July 1031	25 July 1034
	Matilda of Frisia	Liudolf, Margrave of Frisia	c. 1024	1034			1044		Henry I
	Anne of Kiev	Yaroslav I, Grand Prince of Kiev	c. 1024	19 May 1051			4 August 1060	1075	Henry I
	Bertha of Holland	Floris I, Count of Holland	c. 1055	1072			1092	1094	Philip I
	Bertrade de Montfort	Simon I de Montfort	c. 1070	15 May 1092			29 July 1108	1117	Philip I
	Adélaide de Maurienne	Humbert II, Count of Savoy	1092	3 August 1115			1 August 1137	18 November 1154	Louis VI
	Eleanor of Aquitaine	William X, Duke of Aquitaine	1122	22 July 1137	1137	25 December 1137	21 March 1152 annulment	1 April 1204	Louis VII
	Constance of Castile	Alfonso VII of León and Castile	1141	1154		1154	1160
	Adèle of Champagne	Theobald II, Count of Champagne	c. 1140	1164		?	18 September 1180	4 June 1206
	Isabelle of Hainaut	Baldwin V, Count of Hainaut	5 April 1170	1180		29 May 1180	1190		Philip II
	Ingeborg of Denmark	Valdemar I of Denmark	1175	15 August 1193		25 August 1193	5 November 1193 separated	29 July 1236
	Agnes of Merania	Berthold IV, Duke of Merania	about 1175	June 1196		?	1200 repudiated	20 July 1201
	Ingeborg of Denmark	Valdemar I of Denmark	1175	15 August 1193	1200 restored		14 July 1223 husband's death	29 July 1236
	Blanche of Castile	Alfonso VIII of Castile	4 March 1188	22 May 1200	14 July 1223	6 August 1223	8 November 1226	26 November 1252	Louis VIII
	Margaret of Provence	Ramon Berenguer IV, Count of Provence	c. 1221	27 May 1234		?	25 August 1270	21 December 1295	Louis IX
	Isabella of Aragon	James I of Aragon	1247	28 May 1262	25 August 1270	Not crowned	28 January 1271		Philip III
	Maria of Brabant	Henry III, Duke of Brabant	1254	21 August 1274		24 June 1275	5 October 1285	10 January 1321	Philip III
	Joan I of Navarre	Henry I of Navarre	c.14 January 1271	16 August 1284	5 October 1285	?	4 April 1305		Philip IV
	Margaret of Burgundy	Robert II, Duke of Burgundy	1290	23 September 1305	29 November 1314	uncrowned	15 August 1315		Louis X
	Clementia of Hungary	Charles Martel of Anjou	1293	19 August 1315		24 August 1315	5 June 1316	12 October 1328	Louis X
	Joan II, Countess of Burgundy	Otto IV, Count of Burgundy	1291	1307	20 November 1316	9 January	3 January 1322	21 January 1330	Philip V of France
	Blanche of Burgundy	Otto IV, Count of Burgundy	c.1296	1308	3 January 1322	uncrowned	19 May 1322	April 1326	Charles IV
	Marie of Luxembourg	Henry VII, Holy Roman Emperor	1304	21 September 1322		15 May 1323	26 March 1324
	Jeanne d'Évreux	Louis, Count of Évreux	1310	5 July 1325		11 May 1326	1 February 1328 husband's death	4 March 1371
Picture	Name	Father	Birth	Marriage	Became queen	Coronation	Ceased to be queen	Death	Spouse

Capetian Dynasty, House of Valois

Picture	Name	Father	Birth	Marriage	Became queen	Coronation	Ceased to be queen	Death	Spouse
	Joan the Lame	Robert II, Duke of Burgundy	24 June 1293	July 1313	1 February/1 April 1328	27 May 1328	12 September 1348		Philip VI
	Blanche of Navarre	Philip III of Navarre	1330–1333	January of either 1349 or 1350		not crowned	22 August 1350 husband's death	5 October 1398	Philip VI
	Joanna I of Auvergne	William XII, Count of Auvergne	8 May 1326	13 February 1349	22 August 1350	26 September 1350	29 September 1360		John II
	Joanna of Bourbon	Peter I, Duke of Bourbon	3 February 1338	1350	8 April 1364	19 May 1364	4 February 1378		Charles V
	Isabeau of Bavaria	Stephen III, Duke of Bavaria	c.1370	17 July 1385		1389	21 October 1422 husband's death	24 September 1435	Charles VI
Picture	Name	Father	Birth	Marriage	Became queen	Coronation	Ceased to be queen	Death	Spouse

House of Lancaster

Some sources refer to Margaret of Anjou as Queen of France,^[1] but her right to enjoy that title is disputed. She was briefly recognized only in English-controlled territories of France. (See main article:Dual monarchy of England and France)

Picture	Name	Father	Birth	Marriage	Became queen	Coronation	Ceased to be queen	Death	Spouse
	Margaret of Anjou	René I of Naples	23 March 1430	23 April 1445		not crowned as Queen of France	19 October 1453 defeat of the English in the Hundred Years War	25 August 1482	Henry VI of England
Picture	Name	Father	Birth	Marriage	Became queen	Coronation	Ceased to be queen	Death	Spouse

House of Valois restored

Picture	Name	Father	Birth	Marriage	Became queen	Coronation	Ceased to be queen	Death	Spouse
	Marie of Anjou	Louis II of Naples	14 October 1404	18 December 1422		?	22 July 1461 husband's death	1463	Charles VII
	Charlotte of Savoy	Louis, Duke of Savoy	1443	14 February 1451	22 July 1461	?	30 August 1483 husband's death	1 December 1483	Louis XI
	Anne of Brittany	Francis II, Duke of Brittany	25 January 1477	6 December 1491		8 February 1492	7 April 1498 husband's death	9 January 1514	Charles VIII
Picture	Name	Father	Birth	Marriage	Became queen	Coronation	Ceased to be queen	Death	Spouse

Capetian Dynasty, House of Valois-Orléans

Picture	Name	Father	Birth	Marriage	Became queen	Coronation	Ceased to be queen	Death	Spouse
	Joan of Valois	Louis XI of France	23 April 1464	8 September 1476	7 April 1498 husband's ascension	Not crowned	December 1498 annulment	4 February 1505	Louis XII
	Anne of Brittany	Francis II, Duke of Brittany	25 January 1477	8 January 1499		18 November 1504	9 January 1514
	Mary of England	Henry VII of England	18 March 1496	9 October 1514		5 November 1514	1 January 1515 husband's death	25 June 1533
Picture	Name	Father	Birth	Marriage	Became queen	Coronation	Ceased to be queen	Death	Spouse

Capetian Dynasty, House of Valois-Angoulême

Picture	Name	Father	Birth	Marriage	Became queen	Coronation	Ceased to be queen	Death	Spouse
	Claude of France	Louis XII of France	14 October 1499	18 May 1514	1 January 1515 husband's ascension	10 May 1517	20 July 1524		Francis I
	Eleanor of Austria	Philip I of Castile	15 November 1498	4 July 1530		5 March 1532	31 March 1547 husband's death	25 February 1558	Francis I
	Catherine de' Medici	Lorenzo II de' Medici, Duke of Urbino	13 April 1519	28 October 1533	31 March 1547 husband's ascension	10 June 1549	10 July 1559 husband's death	5 January 1589	Henry II
	Mary, Queen of Scots	James V of Scotland	8 December 1542	24 April 1558	10 July 1559 husband's ascension	Not crowned because already crowned Queen of Scotland	5 December 1560 husband's death	8 February 1587	Francis II
	Elisabeth of Austria	Maximilian II, Holy Roman Emperor	5 June 1554	26 November 1570		25 March 1571	30 May 1574 husband's death	22 January 1592	Charles IX
	Louise of Lorraine	Nicholas, Duke of Mercœur	30 April 1553	13 February 1575		Not crowned	2 August 1589 husband's death	29 January 1601	Henry III
Picture	Name	Father	Birth	Marriage	Became queen	Coronation	Ceased to be queen	Death	Spouse

Capetian Dynasty, House of Bourbon

Picture	Name	Father	Birth	Marriage	Became queen	Coronation	Ceased to be queen	Death	Spouse
	Margaret of Valois	Henry II of France	14 May 1553	18 August 1572	2 August 1589 husband's accession	Not crowned	1599 divorce	27 March 1615	Henry IV
	Marie de' Medici	Francesco I de' Medici, Grand Duke of Tuscany	26 April 1573	5 October? 1600		13 May 1610	14 May 1610 husband's death	3 July 1642	Henry IV
	Anne of Austria	Philip II & III of Portugal & Spain	22 September 1601	24 November 1615		Not crowned	14 May 1643 husband's death	20 January 1666	Louis XIII
	Maria Theresa of Spain	Philip III & IV of Portugal & Spain	10 September 1638	9 June 1660		Not crowned	30 July 1683		Louis XIV
	Marie Leszczyńska	Stanisław I of Poland	23 June 1703	4 September 1725		Not crowned	24 June 1768		Louis XV
	Marie Antoinette of Austria	Francis I, Holy Roman Emperor	2 November 1755	19 April 1770 (by proxy) 16 May 1770	10 May 1774 husband's ascension	Not crowned	21 September 1792 husband's deposition	16 October 1793 executed	Louis XVI
	Marie Joséphine of Savoy (titular queen)	Victor Amadeus III of Sardinia	2 September 1753	16 April 1771	16 June 1795 husband's proclamation	Not crowned	13 November 1810		Louis XVIII of France
Picture	Name	Father	Birth	Marriage	Became queen	Coronation	Ceased to be queen	Death	Spouse

Bonaparte Dynasty

Picture	Name	Father	Birth	Marriage	Became empress	Coronation	Ceased to be empress	Death	Spouse
	Joséphine de Beauharnais	Joseph-Gaspard Tascher	23 June 1763	9 March 1796	18 May 1804 husband's ascension	2 December 1804	10 January 1810 divorce	29 May 1814	Napoleon I
	Marie Louise of Austria	Francis II, Holy Roman Emperor	12 December 1791	11 March 1810 (by proxy) 1 April 1810		Not crowned	6 April 1814 husband's abdication	17 December 1841	Napoleon I
Picture	Name	Father	Birth	Marriage	Became empress	Coronation	Ceased to be empress	Death	Spouse

Capetian Dynasty, House of Bourbon

Picture	Name	Father	Birth	Marriage	Became queen	Coronation	Ceased to be queen	Death	Spouse
	Marie Thérèse of France	Louis XVI of France	19 December 1778	June 1799	2 August 1830 for 20 minutes	Not crowned	2 August 1830 husband's abdication	19 October 1851	Louis XIX
Picture	Name	Father	Birth	Marriage	Became queen	Coronation	Ceased to be queen	Death	Spouse

Capetian Dynasty, House of Orléans

Picture	Name	Father	Birth	Marriage	Became queen	Coronation	Ceased to be queen	Death	Spouse
	Maria Amalia of Naples and Sicily	Ferdinand I of the Two Sicilies	26 April 1782	25 November 1809	9 August 1830 husband's ascension	Not crowned	24 February 1848 husband's abdication	24 March 1866	Louis-Philippe
Picture	Name	Father	Birth	Marriage	Became queen	Coronation	Ceased to be queen	Death	Spouse

Bonaparte Dynasty

Picture	Name	Father	Birth	Marriage	Became empress	Coronation	Ceased to be empress	Death	Spouse
	Eugénie de Montijo	Cipriano de Palafox y Portocarrero, Count of Montijo	5 May 1826	30 January 1853		Not crowned	4 September 1870 husband's deposition	11 July 1920	Napoleon III
Picture	Name	Father	Birth	Marriage	Became empress	Coronation	Ceased to be empress	Death	Spouse

References

↑ Mary Ann Hookham: "The life and times of Margaret of Anjou, queen of England and France ", 1872

Joy Law, Fleur de lys: The kings and queens of France. ISBN 978-0-07-036695-4
Rene de La Croix, duc de Castries, The Lives of the Kings & Queens of France. ISBN 0-394-50734-7
Elsie Thornton-Cook, Royal Line of France: The Story of the Kings and Queens of France. ISBN 978-0-8369-0939-5