List of Capsicum cultivars

There are thousands of Capsicum cultivars grown worldwide.[1]

There are four or five major species of cultivated Capsicum, and within those species are several "taxonomic varieties". The species and varieties include many economically important cultivars with different shapes, colours, and flavours that are grown for different purposes. Some confusion has resulted from the legal term "plant variety", which is used interchangeably with "cultivar" (not with "taxonomic variety").

Major species and their taxonomic varieties:[2]

Capsicum frutescens is sometimes distinguished as a species separate from C. annuum,[4] while other botanists consider it and C. annuum to be conspecific.[5]

Due to the large and changing number of cultivars, and the variation of cultivar namings in different regions, this list should not be considered complete or final.

Capsicum annuum

Main article: Capsicum annuum

Capsicum annuum, native to South America, is cultivated worldwide. Its forms are varied, from large to small, sweet to sour, and very hot to bland. Despite being a single species, C. annuum has many forms, with a variety of names, even in the same language. Official names aside, in American English, any variety lacking heat is colloquially known as a sweet pepper, while one that produces capsaicin is colloquially known as a hot pepper or chili pepper. In British English, the sweet varieties are called "peppers"[6] and the hot varieties "chillies",[7] whereas in Australian English, the name "capsicum" is commonly used for bell peppers exclusively and "chilli" is often used to encompass the hotter varieties.

The plant is a perennial subshrub, with a densely branched stem. The plant reaches 0.5–1.5 m (20–60 in). Single white flowers develop into the fruit which is green when unripe, changing usually to red, although some varieties may ripen to yellow, brown, or purple. The species are grown in temperate climates as an annual, but they are especially productive in warm and dry climates.

Capsicum Annuum
Image Name Origin Heat Pod Size Description
Aci Sivri Turkey 15–20 cm
Afghan Short Afghanistan 5,000 - 30,000 SR 5–8 cm (2–3 in) Grown in Afghanistan.
Albino Bullnose
Aleppo Syria and Turkey 15,000 SR Grown in Syria and Turkey and used, in coarsely ground, dried form, as a spice that is also called aleppo pepper
Alma Paprika Hungary 10,000 SR A Hungarian pepper often pickled or dried and ground to make spicy paprika
Anaheim United States 500 - 2,500 SR 15 cm (6 in) A mild variety of New Mexico chile. It was later brought to California from New Mexico by Emilio Ortega in the 1900s. Often it is used for chile relleno. When mature, it takes on a red color and is referred to as a colorado.
Ancient Sweet 0 SR 10-12" long by 1 1/2-2" wide Medium tall plant produce heavy loads of extra sweet red in color fruits, plant have white flowers & thin flesh. This variety sets the record for the sweetest pepper with 1.5 times the sweetness of a ripe red bell pepper.
Banana 0 - 500 SR 15 cm (6 in) Often it is pickled and used as an ingredient in sandwiches; its piquancy is not very hot. Its shape and color resemble a banana.
Barkers Hot
Beaver Dam United States
Bird's Eye Southeast Asia 50,000 - 100,000[8] SR 4 cm (1.5 in) A Southeast Asian cultivar known by many local names, but generally it is called Thai chili in the United States. It has thin fruit with a pointed tip.
Black Hungarian Shape of a jalapeno. Deep, dark purple in color.
Black Pearl United States Ornamental plant. Winner of the All-America Selections (AAS) Flower Award in 2006.[9] Dark leaves with berry-shaped fruit.
Black Prince Ornamental.
Bulgarian Carrot Bulgaria 12,000 SR 3 in
Bulgarian Ratund 0 SR 2.5 in
Bullnose United States 0 SR
California Wonder United States 0 SR
Canary Bell 0 SR
Cascabel Mexico 3,000 SR 2.5 cm (1 in) The small, round fruit are usually dried, and have a distinct, nutty flavor. The name, Spanish for "rattle" or "jingle bell", derives from the rattling noise made by the seeds inside the dried pod.
Cayenne (Red) French Guiana 30,000 - 50,000 SR 12.5 cm (5 in) This long, thin fruit was transported by the Portuguese to China and India, where it is used widely. Often it is dried and ground into powder.
Charleston Belle United States The first nematode-resistant bell pepper. Created in Charleston, South Carolina by the USDA.[10]
Cherry 3,500 SR 2.5 cm (1 in) Named for the fruit it resembles, this cultivar's fruit is small, red, and round. It is typically used fresh, or pickled and jarred, and is often used to stuff green olives. It is also called pimento.
Chervena Chuska Bulgarian 0 SR 6 in Also spelled "Chushka". Very sweet.
Chilaca 1,000 - 2,000 SR 15 cm (6 in) Popular in Mexican cuisine, it is almost always encountered dried; in this state, it is referred to as a pasilla. The pasilla has a dark brown color and a smoky flavor.
Chile Rama Nicaragua
Chiltepin 50,000 - 100,000 SR 0.5 cm (0.2 in) This small, hot fruit is often eaten by birds. The plant is thought to be the ancestor of the cultivated C. annuum peppers. Evidence indicates it has been consumed by humans as far back as 7,500 BC.
Chimayo United States 4,000 - 6,000 SR
Chinese Five-Color 5,000 - 30,000 SR 3.5 cm (1.5 in) The fruit starts out purple, then changes to white, yellow, orange, and red. Similar to Bolivian rainbow pepper and 'NuMex Twilight' pepper, it is also called Chinese multicolor pepper.
Chiltoma Grande de Ometepe Nicaragua
Chocolate Beauty 0 SR
Ciliegia Picante Italy
Coban Red Pimiento Guatemala
Corne De Chevre Spain
Corno di Toro Giallo Italy 0 SR
Corno di Toro Rosso Italy
Costeno Amarillo
Cowhorn 0-500 SR 8 in Plant produces good yields of 8" long sweet pepper. Pepper are very sweet and have excellent flavor! Peppers turn from green to red when mature. One of the largest non-bell stuffing peppers around
Craig's Grande Jalapeno United States A big, fat jalapeno.
Criolla De Cocina Pepper Nicaragua
Cubanelle 1 - 1,000 SR 12.7 cm (5 in) Medium in thickness, the tapered fruit is green when unripe, but turns red when mature. Often it is fried in Italian cooking.
De árbol Mexico 15,000 - 30,000 SR 8 cm (3 in) This slender-fruited cultivar is grown primarily in Mexico, its name is Spanish for "from a tree".
Doux D'Espagne 0 SR Also known as a Spanish Mammoth Pepper.
Early Jalapeno This variety matures faster than normal jalapenos.
Elephant Trunk 5,000 - 10,000 SR 6" to 10" long by 1" wide Plant produces good yields of 6" to 10" long by 1" wide tapered and wrinkled hot peppers. Pepper resemble an elephant's trunk. They are mild and turn from green to red when mature. Plant has green stems, green leaves, and white flowers. Can be used green or red. A variety from India. Plant Height: 50" tall
Emerald Giant 0 SR
Estaceno United States 10 in New Mexican-style chili pepper.
Ethiopian Brown
Etuida Poland
Facing Heaven China
Filius Blue Ornamental, multi-colored pepper plant.
Fish Pepper 5,000 - 30,000 SR
Floral Gem
Fresno United States 2,500-10,000 SR 9 cm (3.5 in) Similar to the jalapeño, but with thinner walls, it is generally used ripe, and has a higher vitamin content. Frequently it is used in ceviche, and is one of the most frequently used chilis in salsa.
Friariello Di Napoli Italy 0 SR
Fushimi Japan 0 SR 6 in
Gambo
Georgescu Chocolate Romania 0 SR 5 in
Goat Horn
Golden Cal Wonder 0 SR
Golden Cayenne 4-6 in
Golden Marconi Italy 0 SR 7 in
Golden Treasures Italian 0 SR
Guajillo Mexico 2,500 - 5,000 SR Most often used in dried form to make a red sauce used for tamales
Guntur Sannam 35,000 - 40,000 SR It is well known as a commercial crop used as a condiment, culinary supplement, or vegetable.
Hinkelhatz United States 1-2 in Also known as Hinkel Hatz.
Hole Mole United States 700 SR 7-9 in 2007 All-America Selection.
Hontaka Asian heirloom.
Horizon Bell 0 SR Medium green to orange-yellow at maturity.
Hungarian Wax 2,500 - 8,000 SR This wide, medium-hot variety is used in Hungarian cuisine, frequently pickled. Also it is commonly dried, ground, and presented as "paprika".
Italian Sweet Italy Used in Spanish cuisine
Jalapeño Mexico 2,500 - 8,000 SR 9 cm (3.5 in) Very popular, especially in the United States, it is often pickled or canned. A smoke-dried ripe jalapeño is referred to as a chipotle.
Japones 15,000 - 35,000 SR Usually found dried. Flatter and thicker than arbol chilis.
Jigsaw Ornamental.
Jimmy Nardello Italian Italy 0 SR
Joe's Long Cayenne 8-10 in
Jupiter 0 SR
Jwala India 20,000 - 30,000 SR 4 in
King of the North 0 SR 1-2 in Works well for short-season growers. Productive in northern climates.
Korean Dark Green 3-4 in
Krimzon Lee 8 in
Large Red Antigua Guatemala 0 SR Also known as the Large Sweet Antigua.
Leutschauer Paprika Hungary
Lilac Bell 0 SR
Lipstick 0 SR 4 in
Lumbre United States 9,000 - 10,000 SR 5 in
Macho Mexico
Mammi Huber's Stuffing United States 0 SR
Marta Polka Poland 0 SR
Maule's Red Hot United States 10-12 in
Medusa It is a sweet, ornamental chili pepper which grows upright and has brightly coloured fruit.
Melrose Italy 0 SR 4 in
Midnight Dreams Bell 0 SR Black ebony-colored bell pepper.
Miniature Chocolate Bell United States 0 SR
Miniature Yellow Bell United States 0 SR
Mirasol Mexico 2,000 - 5,000[11] SR
Mora A small chili about 5 in long and 2 in wide, and purple, it is always used dry. It is extremely spicy, and is used as a substitute for chipotle when more powerful spice is needed.
Morita Morita chili is smaller than the mora chili.
Mulato Mexico 2,500 - 3,000 SR 10 cm (4 in) Grown in Mexico, the mulato is a mild to medium chili pepper,

closely related to the poblano (ancho), and usually sold dried.

Moshi Tanzania 2 in
New Mexico chile United States 0 - 70,000 SR A long, flavorful chile grown in New Mexico since Puebloan times. It includes varieties such as Hatch, Anaheim, Rio Grande, NuMex, and Pueblo chiles. Often it is used for chile relleno. When mature, it takes on a red color and is referred to as chile colorado and hung to dry as ristras.
Nippon Taka Japan
NuMex April Fool's Day United States
NuMex Bailey Piquin United States 97,000 SR
NuMex Barker's X-Hot United States 9,000 - 15,000 SR 5 in
NuMex Big Jim United States 2,000 - 4,000 SR
NuMex Centennial United States
NuMex Chinese New Year United States Ornamental chili plant with bullet shaped fruits that grow in clusters.
NuMex Christmas United States
NuMex Cinco de Mayo United States
NuMex Conquistador United States
NuMex Earth Day United States
NuMex Easter United States
NuMex Eclipse United States
NuMex Espanola Improved United States 2,000 - 4,000 SR
NuMex Garnet United States 0 SR
NuMex Halloween United States
NuMex Heritage 6-4 United States 3,000 - 5,000 SR
NuMex Jalmundo United States 17,000 SR 5 in
NuMex Joe E. Parker United States 2,000 - 4,000 SR
NuMex Las Cruces Cayenne United States
NuMex Memorial Day United States
NuMex Mirasol United States Used for cooking in a ground powder and as an ornamental on wreaths.
NuMex Piñata United States
NuMex Primavera United States
NuMex R. Naky United States 260 SR A great mild paprika cultivar.
NuMex Sandia Hot United States 7,000 - 9,000 SR 7 in
NuMex Sandia Select United States
NuMex St. Patrick's Day United States
NuMex Sunburst United States
NuMex Sunflare United States
NuMex Sunglo United States
NuMex Sunrise United States
NuMex Sunset United States
NuMex Sweet United States 0 SR
NuMex Thanksgiving United States
NuMex Twilight United States 30,000 - 50,000 SR
NuMex Valentine's Day United States
NuMex Vaquero United States
NuMex Veteran's Day United States Ornamental chili plant.
Oda 0 SR
Onza Mexico Usually dried for sauces and soups.
Orange Bell Pepper 0 SR
Ostra-Cyklon Poland 4.5 in
Ozark Giant 0 SR
Padrón Spain 0 SR 1-1.5 in
Paradicsom Alaku Sarga Szentes Hungary Pumpkin-shaped fruit.
Pasilla Bajio Mexico 1,000 - 2,000 SR
Peperone di Cuneo Italy 0 SR
Peruvian Purple Peru 1 in
Peter Pepper United States and Mexico 5,000 - 30,000 SR 8–10 cm (3–4 in) Rare, heirloom-type hot pepper.
Pepperoncini Italy 100 - 500 SR 8 cm (3 in) Sweet-tasting and mild, used extensively in Italian and Greek cuisine, very frequently pickled.
Pequin United States and Mexico 100,000 - 140,000 SR Also spelled piquín
Pimient de Espellette Spain
Pimiento De Padrón Spain
Poblano Mexico 1,000 - 2,000 SR 13 cm (5 in) The large, heart-shaped, dark green fruit is extremely popular in Mexico, often to make chile relleno. When dried, it is referred to as an ancho or mulato.
Polostra-Rokita Pepper 30,000 - 50,000 SR
Prik Kee Nu Thailand 50,000 - 100,000 SR 3 cm One of many cultivars called Thai pepper, it has very short fruit, and is very hot.[4] Thai: พริกขี้หนู, rtgs: phrik khi nu, IPA: [pʰrík kʰîː nǔː], literal: Mouse/rat dropping chili.
Purple Flash Ornamental
Purple Jalapeno Jalapeno-like pepper that turns purple before ripening and becoming red.
Puya Mexico 5,000 SR[12] Capsicum annuum L.,[13] hot, medium-size, green to red, and tapered[14] Also known as a 'Pulla'.
Purple Beauty United States 0 SR
Quadrato D'Asti Giallo 0 SR
Quadrato D'Asti Rosso Italy 0 SR
Ram Horn Fireboy Hungary 35,000 SR 7 in
Red Belgian Belgium 3.5 in
Red Cheese 0 SR
Red Marconi Italy 0 SR 7 in
Red Mini Bell 1.5 in
Rezha Macedonian Macedonia The name means "engraved".
Ring of Fire 50,000 SR
Rooster Spur 2 in
Santa Fe Grande The Santa Fe Grande is a very prolific variety used in the Southwestern United States. The conical, blunt fruits ripen from greenish-yellow, to orange-yellow to red. The peppers grow upright on 24-in plants. Santa Fe Grande has a slightly sweet taste and is fairly mild in pungency.
Santaka Heirloom Asian chili.
Serrano Mexico 10,000 - 23,000 SR 5 cm (2 in) The thin, tapered fruit turns red when mature. Due to its thin skin, it does not need to be peeled before use.
Serrano Tampiqueño United States 15,000 - 25,000 SR 2.25 in
Sheepnose Pimento United States 0 SR
Shishito Japan
Sigaretta De Bergamo Italy 0 SR
Siling Mahaba Philippines A chili pepper grown in the Philippines, and a popular ingredient in Filipino Cuisine
Spanish Piquillo Spain
Sport Pepper United States 300 - 500 SR 4 cm (1.5 in) Superficially resembling both Tabasco and serrano peppers, the sport pepper is its own distinct cultivar[15][16] that is much milder than either of those. It is commonly pickled and used in Southern cooking and on Chicago-style hot dogs.
Super Chili[17] 40,000 - 50,000 SR Long and thin. Grows from green to red.
Sweet Chocolate 0 SR
Sweet Red Stuffing Pepper United States 0 SR 1-2 in
Sweet Yellow Stuffing Pepper United States 0 SR 1-2 in
Syrian Goat Horn 7-8 in
Syrian Three Sided Syria 6-8 in
Takanotsume
Tangerine Dream 3 in
Tam Jalapeno 1,000 - 1,500 SR Similar to a jalapeno, but with significantly less heat.
Tequila 0 SR Purple bell variety, not to be confused with the Tequila Sunrise, which is yellow.
Tequila Sunrise Pepper 1000 - 5000 SR 6-6.5 in Pastel orange in color.
Tiburon Pepper 2,000 SR Hybrid improvement of the poblano pepper. Resistant to bacterial spot and tobacco mosaic virus.
Topepo Rosso 0 SR
Thai Yellow Chili Golden yellow version of the Bird's Eye (Thai) chili.
Tunisian Baklouti Tunisia
Tien Tsin China 50,000 - 75,000 SR Grown and used in China
Violet Sparkle 0 SR
White Cloud 0 SR Ivory colored bell pepper.
White Lakes Pepper Russia 0 SR
Yellow Monster 8 in

Capsicum baccatum

Main article: Capsicum baccatum

These have a distinctive, fruity flavor, and are commonly ground into colorful powders for use in cooking, each identified by its color.

Capsicum Baccatum
Image Name Origin Heat Pod Size Description
Aji Amarillo
Aji Brazilian Red Pumpkin
Aji Criolla Sella Bolivia 2-3 in
Aji Crystal Chili 2.5–9 cm
Aji Omnicolor 50,000 SR This multi-colored plant produces orange, red, purple and ivory chilis.
Atomic Starfish
Bishop's Crown 10,000 - 30,000 SR 6 cm (2 in) Capsicum baccatum strain from Barbados. Medium hot pods have a unique shape remembering the hat of a Bishop. Sturdy plants, can be grown as perennials. Also known as bishops hat, orchid, aji flor, monks hat.
 Lemon Drop 30,000 - 50,000 SR 4 cm (1.5 in) Very productive Capsicum baccatum variety. Pods are thin walled and have a fruity taste with medium heat.
Piquanté 1,000 - 2,000 SR 2 cm (1 in) Mild, sweet and tangy flavour, usable in many dishes

Capsicum chinense

Main article: Capsicum chinense

Capsicum chinense or "Chinese capsicum" is a misnomer since all Capsicum species originated in the New World. Nikolaus Joseph von Jacquin (1727-1817), a Dutch botanist, named the species in that way in 1776 because he believed they originated in China. Most of the peppers of this species have a distinctive flavor and are similar in flavor to each other.

Capsicum Chinense
Image Name Origin Heat Pod Size Description
7 Pod Douglah Trinidad 923,000 - 1,853,396 SR
7 Pot Trinidad 1,000,000 SR
7 Pot Jonah Trinidad Turns from green to red as it ripens.
7 Pot Jonah Yellow Trinidad Yellow color and a more fruity flavor than the normal 7 Pot Jonah.
7 Pot Long Longer and larger than normal seven pot peppers.
7 Pot Primo Grows red.
7 Pot Primo Yellow Australia Grows yellow.
Adjuma 100,000 - 500,000 SR Very hot, originally cultivated in Suriname
Aji Dulce 0 - 50 SR
Aribibi Gusano Bolivia 4–5 cm
Bahamian Goat Pepper Bahamas
Bhut Jolokia Up to 1,500,000 SR 6 cm (2.4 in) This cultivar originated in Northeast India, and was once confirmed by Guinness World Records to be the hottest pepper. It is an interspecific hybrid, largely C. chinense with some C. frutescens genes. It is also known as naga jolokia and Ghost Pepper.
Cachucha
Cajamarca
Caribbean Red Mexico 445,000 SR
Carolina Reaper United States 1,569,300 - 2,200,000[18] SR Extremely hot pepper, currently the Guinness book of world records holder as of 2014[19]
Chocolate Habanero 300,000 - 425,000 SR
Datil 100,000 - 300,000 SR A very hot chili; primarily grown in Florida
Devil's Tongue Red 250,000 - 500,000 SR
Devil's Tongue Yellow United States 125,000 - 325,000 SR
Dorset Naga England 1,000,000 - 1,500,000 SR
Fatalii 125,000 - 325,000 SR 6 cm (2.4 in) Native to central and southern Africa, it is very similar in appearance to and often confused with the devil's tongue habanero.
Habanero 100,000 - 350,000 SR 5 cm (2 in) Once considered to be the hottest chili pepper, the habanero has been surpassed by other hot varieties, but it is nonetheless hotter than most commonly available cultivars. The habanero has a subtle, fruity flavour and a floral aroma. It is closely related to many of the other very hot peppers, including the bhut jolokia from India, and the Scotch bonnet, Trinidad Scorpion Butch T, and Trinidad Moruga Scorpion peppers from the Caribbean. Disseminated to China over 500 years ago by Spanish and Portuguese explorers, it became so much a part of Chinese cuisine, botanists who found it in China thought it was native to the area and thus named this species Capsicum chinense, based on the habaneros from China.
Hainan Yellow Lantern 300,000 SR 5 cm. (2.0 in) x 3.12 cm (approx.) Also known as the yellow emperor chili, it grows only in Hainan, China.
Infinity 1,176,182 SR
Lemon Yellow Habanero
Madame Jeanette 100,000 - 350,000 SR Originally cultivated in Suriname
Mustard Habanero United States
Naga Morich Bangladesh and India 1,000,000 SR
Naga Viper England 1,382,118 SR
NuMex Suave Orange United States 800 SR Very little heat, yet with a habanero taste.
NuMex Suave Red United States 800 SR Similar to a habanero in taste, yet with very little heat.
Peach Habanero
Red Savina United States 200,000 - 580,000 SR
Scotch Bonnet 150,000 - 325,000 SR 5 cm (2 in) Named because of its resemblance to a Tam o' Shanter, this fruit is closely related to the habanero and is similarly hot. Due to its heat and distinct flavour, it is often used in Caribbean cuisine.
Trinidad Moruga Scorpion Up to 2,000,000 SR former World-record holder for hottest chili as of 2012
Trinidad Scorpion 'Butch T' Up to 1,400,000 SR Former world-record hottest chili.
White Habanero 1-2 in Also known as the Peruvian White Habanero Pepper.
Yucatan White Habanero Mexico 200,000 - 500,000 SR

Capsicum pubescens

Main article: Capsicum pubescens

Capsicum pubescens is among the oldest of domesticated peppers, and was grown as long as 5000 years ago. It is probably related to undomesticated plants that still grow in South America (C. cardenasii, C. eximium, and others).

Capsicum Pubescens
Image Name Origin Heat Pod Size Description
Canario Peru SR 6.5 cm (2.5 in) Canario is a mild Capsicum pubescens variety. Thick walled pods are dark yellow, when fully ripe and have the size of a small apple. This South American strain trives well under cool growing conditions and can be grown as a perennial.
Rocoto 30,000 - 100,000[20] SR Also known as a Manzano pepper.[21]

Capsicum frutescens

Main article: Capsicum frutescens

Sometimes considered to be the same species as C. annuum

Capsicum Frutescens
Image Name Origin Heat Pod Size Description
African Birdseye 50,000 - 175,000 SR 2.5 cm (1.0 in) Also known as piri piri, it is common in Portuguese, Mozambican, and Angolan cuisines.
Kambuzi Malawi Kambuzi is a small, round chili pepper cultivar that is indigenous to the central region in Malawi, a landlocked country in southeast Africa.
Siling Labuyo 80,000 - 100,000 SR 2.5 cm (1.0 in) A chili pepper native to the Philippines.
Tabasco 30,000 - 50,000 SR 4 cm (1.5 in) The most famous pepper in C.frutescens from Costa Rica the primary ingredient in Tabasco sauce, the famous hot sauce that has been produced in southern Louisiana since 1848 when the peppers were first imported from the State of Tabasco in Mexico, for many this pepper is very hot, for others it is just right to make the most liked homemade Tabasco sauce PI 586675

See also

References

  1. ↑ "introducing the capsicum to the world". World Of Chillies. Retrieved 7 February 2015.
  2. ↑ "The Plant List".
  3. ↑ "Tropicos". |chapter= ignored (help)
  4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 Dave DeWitt and Paul W. Bosland (2009). The Complete Chile Pepper Book: A Gardener's Guide to Choosing, Growing, Preserving, and Cooking. Timber Press. ISBN 978-0881929201.
  5. ↑ "Tropicos.org".
  6. ↑ "Pepper - Glossary - Cooking libraries - Cooking and recipes - Food & drink". Waitrose.com. Retrieved 2010-04-11.
  7. ↑ "Chilli - Glossary - Cooking libraries - Cooking and recipes - Food & drink". Waitrose.com. Retrieved 2010-04-11.
  8. ↑ "Bird's Eye Chili Peppers". Chili Pepper Madness. Retrieved 7 February 2015.
  9. ↑ "New Ornamental Pepper Wins Prestigious Award". The United States National Arboretum. Retrieved 5 February 2015.
  10. ↑ "Charleston Belle Pepper". Baker Creek Heirloom Seeds. Retrieved 6 February 2015.
  11. ↑ "Mirasol Chili Peppers". Chili Pepper Madness. Retrieved 5 February 2015.
  12. ↑ "The Scoville Heat Measurement Chart". Wiw.org. Retrieved 2012-02-29.
  13. ↑ "Selective Enzyme-Mediated Extraction of Capsaicinoids and Carotenoids from Chili Guajillo Puya (Capsicum annuum L.) Using Ethanol as Solvent". Oocities.org. Retrieved 2012-02-29.
  14. ↑ "Salsa Garden cubit: Salsa Garden Pepper Database: Puya, Capsicum annuum (Hot Pepper)". Cubits.org. 2010-05-12. Retrieved 2012-02-29.
  15. ↑ "What Are Sport Peppers?". Fireyfoods.com. Retrieved 2013-08-12.
  16. ↑ "SPORT". Tomato Growers Supply Company. Retrieved 2013-08-12.
  17. ↑ "Super Chili Chili Peppers". Chili Pepper Madness. Retrieved 7 February 2015.
  18. ↑ Hallock, Betty. "World's hottest pepper hits 2.2 million Scoville heat units". Los Angeles Times. Los Angeles Times. Retrieved 11 July 2014.
  19. ↑ "Hottest chili". Guinness World Records. Retrieved 11 July 2014.
  20. ↑ "Which Chile Peppers are Which?". About Travel. Retrieved 5 February 2015.
  21. ↑ "Rocoto Chili Peppers". Chile Pepper Madness. Retrieved 7 February 2015.

Further reading