Lingula (brachiopod)

Lingula
Temporal range: Cretaceous–Recent
Lingula anatina, shell (top), full habitus (bottom)
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Brachiopoda
Class: Lingulata
Order: Lingulida
Family: Lingulidae
Genus: Lingula
Bruguière, 1791
Type species
Lingula anatina
Lamarck, 1801[1][2]
species
  • L. adamsi Dall, 1873
  • L. anatina Lamarck, 1801 = L. affinis, L. hirundo, L. lepidula, L. murphiana, L. nipponica, L. smaragdina, L. unguis, Tertiary to recent
  • L. dregeri Andreae, 1893
  • L. eocenica Moroz & Ermokhyna, 1990, Lower Eocene
  • L. parva Smith, 1871
  • L. reevii Davidson, 1880 = L. ovalis
  • L. rostrum (Shaw, 1798) = Mytilus rostrum, L. bancrofti, L. exusta, L. hians, L. jaspidea, Lower Pliocene to recent
  • L. tenuis Sowerby, 1812
  • L. translucida Dall, 1921
  • L. tumidula Reeve, 1841 = L. compressa
  • L. waikatoensis Pen, 1930
Synonyms

Ligula, Ligularius, Lingularius, Pharetra

Lingula is a genus of brachiopods within the class Lingulata. Lingula is known as "moule-à-queue" (tailed mussel) in New Caledonia, "bec de cane" (duck bill) along some coasts in the Indian Ocean, and "shamisen-gai" in Japan (for its likeness to the shamisen, a Japanese lute). Lingula is known to have existed possibly since the Cretaceous or at least the Tertiary. Like its relatives, it has two unadorned phosphatic valves and a long fleshy stalk. Lingula lives in burrows in barren sandy coastal seafloor and feeds by filtering detritus from the water. It can be detected by a short row of three openings through which it takes in water (sides) and expels it again (middle). In Thailand, there is limited Lingula anatina fishery, where it is known as hoi pak ped.[3]

Living fossil

Lingula has long been considered an example of a living fossil; in fact, the perceived longevity of this genus led Darwin to coin this concept. This living fossil status is now considered unjustified however. This status is based on the shape of the shell only, and it has been shown that this shape corresponds to a burrowing lifestyle, occurring in different brachiopod lineages, with different and evolving internal structures.[1]

Etymology

Lingula is probably derived from the Latin word for tongue "lingua" and a diminutive suffix -ula, so small tongue. Alternatively it may be derived from the Latin word for spoon (Lingula) directly. The origin of the epithet anatina is not known, but in Latin "anatina" means "belonging to the duck", possibly due to its resemblance to a duck bill. Another possible derivation could be from the French "Anatife" (goose barnacle), for its likeness.[1]

Taxonomy

Reassigned species

The following species, previously assigned to Lingula are now considered better placed in other genera:[4]

Gallery

References

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 Emig, Christian C. (2008). "On the history of the names Lingula, anatina, and on the confusion of the forms assigned them among the Brachiopoda" (PDF). Carnets de Géologie [Notebooks on Geology] (Article 2008/08).
  2. ↑ "Lingulidae". Department of Entomology at Texas A&M University.
  3. ↑ http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/10042857.2013.800376
  4. ↑ Moore, R.C. (1965). Brachiopoda. Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology. Part H., Volume 1. Boulder, Colorado/Lawrence, Kansas: Geological Society of America/University of Kansas Press. pp. H263. ISBN 0-8137-3015-5.

External links

External identifiers for Lingula
Encyclopedia of Life 73305
ITIS 156762
NCBI 7571
WoRMS 235158
Also found in: Wikispecies