Lincoln, Nebraska

Not to be confused with Lincoln County, Nebraska.
Lincoln, Nebraska
City

Lincoln skyline

Flag
Seal
Nickname(s): Star City

Location in Nebraska
Lincoln, Nebraska

Location in the United States

Coordinates: 40°48′38″N 96°40′49″W / 40.81056°N 96.68028°WCoordinates: 40°48′38″N 96°40′49″W / 40.81056°N 96.68028°W
Country  United States of America
State  Nebraska
County Lancaster
Founded[1]
Renamed
Incorporated		 1856
July 29, 1867
April 1, 1869
Government
 • Type Strong Mayor-Council
 • Mayor Chris Beutler (D)
 • Legislature
 • U.S. Congress Jeff Fortenberry (R)
Area[2][3][4]
 • City 91.77 sq mi (237.68 km2)
 • Land 90.42 sq mi (234.19 km2)
 • Water 1.35 sq mi (3.50 km2)
 • Urban 89.61 sq mi (232.09 km2)
 • Metro 1,422.27 sq mi (3,683.66 km2)
Elevation 1,176 ft (358 m)
Population (2010)[5]
 • City 258,379 (US: 72nd)
 • Estimate (2013[6]) 268,738
 • Density 2,899.6/sq mi (1,119.5/km2)
 • Urban 258,719 (US: 145th)
 • Metro 314,125 (US: 157th)
Demonym Lincolnite
Time zone CST (UTC-6)
 • Summer (DST) CDT (UTC-5)
ZIP code(s) 68501-68510, 68512, 68514, 68516-68517, 68520-68524, 68526-68529, 68531-68532, 68542, 68544, 68583, 68588
Area code(s) 402, 531
FIPS code 31-28000
GNIS feature ID 0837279[7]
Website lincoln.ne.gov

Lincoln, located in the southeastern part of the State of Nebraska, is the capital and the second-most populous city of Nebraska.[8] Lincoln is also the county seat of Lancaster County[9] and makes up part of the Lincoln metropolitan (statistical) area.[10] Lincoln's population in 2013 was estimated at 268,738.[6]

Lincoln was founded as the village of Lancaster on the wild salt flats of what was to become Lancaster County.[11] A short time later, Lancaster was renamed Lincoln and became Nebraska's capital.[12] Sometimes referred to as the "Star City", many of Lincoln's primary employers fall within the service and manufacturing industries, including a growing high tech sector.[13] The city is the home of the University of Nebraska,[14] has an unemployment rate of 2.2% (March 2015, preliminary)[15] and has the second tallest capitol building in the United States.[16]

History

Pioneer Lincoln

Lincoln was founded in 1856 as the village of Lancaster, and became the county seat of the newly created Lancaster County in 1859. The village had very few inhabitants until 1864. After the passage of the 1862 Homestead Act, settlers began to inhabit the area. The first plat was dated August 6, 1864. From the north to the south side of the plat the streets were named North, Nebraska, Saline, Washington, Main, Lincoln, College, High and Locust. From west to east they were numbered from one to twelve.[17]

Establishment as the capital city

The capital of Nebraska Territory had been Omaha since the creation of the territory in 1854; however, most of the territory's population lived south of the Platte River. After much of the territory south of the Platte River considered annexation to Kansas, the territorial legislature voted to locate the capital city south of the river and as far west as possible.

Nebraska State Capitol

Prior to the vote to remove the capital city from Omaha, a last ditch effort by Omaha Senator J. N. H. Patrick attempted to derail the move by having the future capital city named after recently assassinated President Abraham Lincoln. Many of the people south of the Platte River had been sympathetic to the Confederate cause in the recently concluded Civil War. It was assumed that senators south of the river would not vote to pass the measure if the future capital was named after the former president. In the end, the motion to name the future capital city Lincoln was ineffective and the vote to change the capital's location south of the Platte River was successful with the passage of the Removal Act.[18][19]

Nebraska was granted statehood on March 1, 1867. The Removal Act called for the formation of a Capital Commission to locate the capital site on state owned land. The commission, composed of Governor David Butler, Secretary of State Thomas Kennard, and Auditor John Gillespie, began to tour sites on July 18, 1867 for the new capital city. The village of Lancaster was chosen, in part due to the salt flats and marshes.[11][20] Lancaster had approximately 30 residents. Thomas Kennard replatted the town on a broader scale, discarding most of the original plat of the town. To raise money for the construction of a capital city, a successful auction of lots was held. Newcomers began to arrive and the new capital city of Lincoln grew. The first state capital building was completed in December 1, 1868. The Kennard house, built in 1869, is the oldest remaining building in the original plat of Lincoln.

19th century

In 1867 the first newspaper the Commonwealth was established. The Commonwealth became the State Journal in 1868. By the close of 1868, Lincoln became a town of about 500 people.[21]

The University of Nebraska was established in 1869 by the state with a land grant of about 130,000 acres. Construction with the first building, University Hall, began the same year. In July of 1870, the first railroad to Lincoln was completed. Also in July of 1870, the first police force for the city was formed.[22] The Lincoln Gas Light Company was organized in 1872. The US Post Office and Courthouse was built 1874-1879. The city public library was founded in December 1875.[23]

As the city grew with new residents, retail flourished. Herpolsheimer's and Miller & Paine were the first department stores in Lincoln, both founded in 1880.[24] Herpolsheimer's first location was at 1109 O Street and operated as the Cash Goods House. A decade later, Herpolsheimer's relocated to the southwest corner of 12th and N Streets, building a 73,000 square foot building. The store was known variously as The Exposition Store, The Glass Block and The Daylight Store. The store was reported at the time to be the largest department store west of the Missouri River.[24] Herpolsheimer's closed in May 1931 due to the Great Depression. Miller & Paine occupied the corner of 13th and O Street and would continue to be in business until 1988.

In 1880, the Lincoln Telephone Exchange was organized. The City Water Works were begun in 1881.[23] The city council voted to establish a full-time paid Fire Department in 1885 with one company working with volunteer fire companies. By 1886 the volunteer fire companies dispanded. In 1887 the department was increased to three companies. The Fire Departments horses, which pulled the hose cart and steamer, were not replaced with gasoline engines until 1919.[25]

A new capital building was built in 1889 to replace the first building constructed by the state to house the government. The building was a classical design, designed by the architect William H. Willcox.

20th Century

In 1922, construction started on a third capital building. The capital building was designed by Bertram G. Goodhue. By 1924, the first phase of construction was completed and the state moved its offices from the old capital building. In 1925 the former capital building was razed.

By 1930, the population of Lincoln had grown to 75,933.[26]

Geography

Detailed map of Lincoln streets and features.
View from the International Space Station (ISS, 2007); photo centered on northeast Lincoln.

Lincoln is located at 40°48′38″N 96°40′49″W / 40.81056°N 96.68028°W .[27] According to the United States Census Bureau, in 2013, the city has a total area of 91.77 square miles (237.68 km2), of which, 90.42 square miles (234.19 km2) of it is land and 1.35 square miles (3.50 km2) is water.[2]

Lincoln is one of the few large cities of Nebraska not located along either the Platte River or the Missouri River. The city was originally laid out near Salt Creek and among the nearly flat saline wetlands of northern Lancaster County.[28] The city's growth over the years has led to development of the surrounding land, much of which is composed of gently rolling hills. In recent years, Lincoln's northward growth has encroached on the habitat of the endangered Salt Creek tiger beetle.[29]

Metropolitan area

The Lincoln metropolitan area consists of Lancaster County and Seward County,[10] which was added to the metropolitan area in 2003. Lincoln has very little development outside its city limits and has no contiguous suburbs (the largest town that can be considered a suburb of Lincoln is Waverly). This is due primarily to the fact that most land that would otherwise be developed as a suburban town has already been annexed by the city of Lincoln itself.

Neighborhoods

View of south Lincoln from the top of the Nebraska State Capitol (2012).
Sky over Lincoln after a late summer thunderstorm.

Lincoln's neighborhoods, like in other cities, include both old and new development. Some neighborhoods in Lincoln were formerly small towns that Lincoln later annexed, including University Place, Belmont, Bethany, College View, Havelock, and Hartley. A number of Historic Districts are located near Downtown Lincoln[30] while newer neighborhoods have appeared primarily in the south and east. As of December 2013, Lincoln had 45 registered neighborhood associations within the city limits.[31]

Climate

Located on the Great Plains far from the moderating influence of mountains or large bodies of water, Lincoln possesses a highly variable four-season humid continental climate (Köppen Dfa): winters are cold but relatively dry, summers are hot and occasionally humid.[32] With little precipitation falling during winter, precipitation is concentrated in the warmer months, when thunderstorms frequently roll in, often producing tornadoes. Snow averages 25.9 inches (66 cm) per season but seasonal accumulation has ranged from 7.2 in (18 cm) in 1967–68 to 54.3 in (138 cm) in 1959–60.[33] Snow tends to fall in light amounts, though blizzards are possible. Snow cover is usually not reliable due to both the low precipitation and the frequent thaws during winter; there is an average of 39 days with a snow depth of 1 in (2.5 cm) or more. The average window for freezing temperatures is October 5 thru April 25, allowing a growing season of 162 days.[33]

The monthly daily average temperature ranges from 24.6 °F (−4.1 °C) in January to 77.6 °F (25.3 °C) in July. However, the city is subject both to episodes of bitter cold in winter and heat waves during summer, with 11.4 nights of sub-0 °F (−18 °C) lows, 41 days of 90 °F (32 °C)+ highs, and 4.6 days of 100 °F (38 °C)+ highs.[33] The city straddles the boundary of USDA Plant Hardiness Zones 5b and 6a.[34] Temperature extremes have ranged from −33 °F (−36 °C) on January 12, 1974 up to 115 °F (46 °C) on July 25, 1936.[33] Readings as high as 105 °F (41 °C) or as low as −20 °F (−29 °C) occur somewhat rarely; the last occurrence of each was July 22, 2012 and February 3, 1996.[33]

Based on 30-year averages obtained from NOAA's National Climatic Data Center for the months of December, January and February, Weather Channel ranked Lincoln the 7th coldest major U.S. city as of 2014[35]

Environment

In 2014, the Lincoln-Beatrice area was among the "Cleanest U.S. Cities for Ozone Air Pollution" in the American Lung Association's "State of the Air 2014" report.[38]

Demographics

Historical population
Census Pop. %±
18702,441—
188013,003432.7%
189055,164324.2%
190040,169−27.2%
191043,9739.5%
192054,94825.0%
193075,93338.2%
194081,9848.0%
195098,88420.6%
1960128,52130.0%
1970149,51816.3%
1980171,93215.0%
1990191,97211.7%
2000225,58117.5%
2010258,37914.5%
Est. 2013268,7384.0%
U.S. Decennial Census[39]
2013 Estimate[6]
View of Downtown Lincoln and surrounding neighborhoods in 2005.

The U.S. Government designated Lincoln in the 1970s as a refugee-friendly city due to its stable economy, educational institutions, and size. Since then, refugees from Vietnam settled in Lincoln, and further waves came from other countries.[40] More recently, Lincoln was named one of the "Top Ten most Welcoming Cities in America" by Welcoming America.[41][42]

2010 census

As of the census[5] of 2010, there were 258,379 people, 103,546 households, and 60,300 families residing in the city. The population density was 2,899.6 inhabitants per square mile (1,119.5/km2). There were 110,546 housing units at an average density of 1,240.6 per square mile (479.0/km2). The racial makeup of the city was 86.0% White, 3.8% African American, 0.8% Native American, 3.8% Asian, 0.1% Pacific Islander, 2.5% from other races, and 3.0% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 6.3% of the population.

There were 103,546 households of which 27.7% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 44.0% were married couples living together, 10.2% had a female householder with no husband present, 4.1% had a male householder with no wife present, and 41.8% were non-families. 31.3% of all households were made up of individuals and 8.8% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.36 and the average family size was 3.01.

The median age in the city was 31.8 years. 22.7% of residents were under the age of 18; 15.7% were between the ages of 18 and 24; 27.9% were from 25 to 44; 22.9% were from 45 to 64; and 10.7% were 65 years of age or older. The gender makeup of the city was 50.0% male and 50.0% female.

Economy

Amigos Restaurant on N 48th & Leighton in Lincoln, NE

Lincoln's economy is fairly typical of a mid-sized American city; most economic activity is derived from the service and manufacturing industries.[13] Government and the University of Nebraska-Lincoln are both large contributors to the local economy. Other prominent industries in Lincoln include finance, insurance, publishing, manufacturing, pharmaceutical, telecommunications, railroads,[43] high technology,[13] information technology, medical, education and truck transport. For March 2015, Lincoln's preliminary unemployment rate was 2.2% (not seasonally adjusted).[15]

One of the largest employers is Bryan Health, which consists of two major hospitals and several large outpatient facilities located across the city. Healthcare and medical jobs account for a substantial portion of Lincoln's employment: as of 2009, full-time healthcare employees in the city included 9,010 healthcare practitioners in technical occupations, 4,610 workers in healthcare support positions, 780 licensed and vocational nurses, and 150 medical and clinical laboratory technicians.[44]

Several national business were originally established in Lincoln; these include student lender Nelnet, Ameritas, Assurity, Fort Western Stores and HobbyTown USA. Several regional restaurant chains began in Lincoln, including Amigos/Kings Classic,[45] Runza Restaurants and Valentino's.[46]

The Omaha-Lincoln areas make up a part of what is referred to as the Midwest Silicon Prairie.[13][47][48] In 2013, Lincoln ranked No. 4 on Forbes' list of the Best Places for Business and Careers[49] and No. 1 on "NerdWallet"'s Best Cities for Job Seekers in 2015.[50]

Top employers

According to the City's 2014 Comprehensive Annual Financial Report,[51] the top employers in the city are:

A Fort Western Store near S 56th & Nebraska Hwy 2 in Lincoln, NE
# Employer # of Employees
1 State of Nebraska 8,988
2 Lincoln Public Schools 7,975
3 University of Nebraska–Lincoln 6,179
4 Bryan Health 3,796
5 US Government 3,206
6 City of Lincoln 2,589
7 St. Elizabeth Regional Medical Center 2,350
8 Burlington Northern Railroad 2,000
9 Madonna Rehabilitation Hospital 1,400
10 B&R Stores 1,391

Military

The Nebraska Air & Army National Guard's Joint Force Headquarters are located in Lincoln along with other major units of the Nebraska National Guard.[52] During the early years of the cold war, the Lincoln Airport was the Lincoln Air Force Base;[53] currently, the Nebraska Air National Guard, along with the Nebraska Army National Guard, have joint-use facilities with the Lincoln Airport.

Arts and culture

Lincoln's primary venues for live music include: Pinnacle Bank Arena,[54] Bourbon Theatre, Duffy's Tavern, Knickerbockers, Duggan's Pub (local and regional acts; smaller venues), and the Zoo Bar (blues). The Pla-Mor Ballroom is a staple of Lincoln's music and dance scene, featuring its house band, the award-winning Sandy Creek Band.

Downtown Lincoln at night (14th and O Streets)

The Lied Center is a venue for national tours of Broadway productions, concert music, and guest lectures.[55] Lincoln has several performing arts venues. Plays are staged by UNL students in the Temple Building;[56] community theater productions are held at the Lincoln Community Playhouse,[57] the Loft at The Mill, and the Haymarket Theater.

For movie viewing, Marcus Theatres owns 32 screens at four locations,[58] and the University of Nebraska's Mary Riepma Ross Media Arts Center shows independent and foreign films.[59] Standalone cinemas in Lincoln include the Joyo Theater and Rococo Theater. The Rococo Theater also hosts benefits and other engagements.[60] The downtown section of O Street is Lincoln's primary bar and nightclub district.

Lincoln is the hometown of Zager and Evans, known for their international No. 1 hit record, "In the Year 2525".[61] It is also the home town of several notable musical groups, such as Remedy Drive, VOTA, the Bathtub Dogs, For Against, Lullaby for the Working Class, Matthew Sweet, Dirtfedd, The Show is the Rainbow and Straight. Lincoln is home to Maroon 5 guitarist James Valentine.

In 2012, the city was listed among the 10 best places to retire in the United States by U.S. News & World Report.[62]

Tourism

Because Lincoln is the state capital of Nebraska and home to a number of colleges/universities, there are a wide range of attractions for people of all interests. From a stroll through the Sunken Gardens[63] to watching a basketball game at Pinnacle Bank Arena;[54] trying Cappuccino Chocolate Chip Ice Cream[64] at the UNL Dairy Store[65] to watching a fulldome digital show at Mueller Planetarium,[66] there is something to do all year around. A tour at the Nebraska State Capitol,[67] the tallest building in Lincoln,[68] is a fascinating, nearly hour long look at a part of Nebraska's history. Alternately, a tour at the Frank H. Woods Telephone Museum[69] is a fascinating look at technology of yesteryear. For the kids, a trip to the Lincoln Children's Zoo[70] is a day of fun and education.

Sports

Lincoln is home to the university's football team, the Nebraska Cornhuskers. In total, the University of Nebraska fields 22 men's and women's teams in 14 NCAA Division I sports.[71] Other sports teams are the Nebraska Wesleyan Prairie Wolves, a GPAC & NCAA Division III independent University;[72] the Lincoln Saltdogs,[73] an American Association independent minor league baseball team; the Lincoln Stars, a USHL junior ice hockey team;[74] the No Coast Derby Girls, a member of the Women's Flat Track Derby Association.[75]

Parks and recreation

Sunken Gardens

Lincoln has an extensive park system, with over 125 individual parks. The parks are connected by a 133 mi (214 km)[76] system of recreational trails. The MoPac Trail extends through Lincoln. Regional parks include:

"The Smoke Signal" in Pioneers Park

Community parks include Ballard Park, Bethany Park, Bowling Lake Park, Densmore Park, Erwin Peterson Park, Fleming Fields, Irvingdale Park, Mahoney Park, Max E. Roper Park, Oak Lake Park, Peter Pan Park, Pine Lake Park, Sawyer Snell Park, Seacrest Park, Tierra Briarhurst, University Place Park and Woods Park.[84]

Other notable parks:

Smaller neighborhood parks are scattered throughout the city.[84] Additionally, there are five public recreation centers, nine outdoor public pools and five public golf courses (all not including private facilities) in Lincoln.[76]

Government

East side of Old City Hall in Lincoln, 1942

Lincoln has a mayor-council government. The mayor and a seven-member city council are selected in nonpartisan elections. Four members are elected from city council districts; the remaining three members are elected at-large.[90] Lincoln's health, personnel, and planning departments are joint city/county agencies; most city and Lancaster County offices are located in the County/City Building.

Since Lincoln is the state capital, many Nebraska state agencies and offices are located in Lincoln, as are several United States Government agencies and offices. The city lies within the Lincoln Public Schools school district;[91] the primary law enforcement agency for the city is the Lincoln Police Department. The Lincoln Fire and Rescue Department shoulders the city's fire fighting and emergency ambulatory services while private companies provide non-emergency medical transport[92] and outlying areas of the city are supported by volunteer fire fighting units.[93]

The city's public library system is Lincoln City Libraries, which has seven branches.[94] Lincoln City Libraries circulates more than three million items per year to the residents of Lincoln and Lancaster County. Lincoln City Libraries is also home to Polley Music Library and the Jane Pope Geske Heritage Room of Nebraska authors.[94]

Education

Primary and secondary education

Lincoln Public Schools is the sole public school district in the city. There are six traditional high schools in the district: Lincoln High, East, Northeast, North Star, Southeast, and Southwest. Additionally, Lincoln Public Schools is home to special interest high schools including the Arts and Humanities Focus Program, the Zoo School, the Information Technology Focus Program, the Entrepreneurship Focus Program and the Bryan Community.[95]

There are several private parochial elementary and middle schools located throughout the community.[96] These schools, like Lincoln Public Schools, are broken into districts, but most will allow attendance outside of boundary lines.

Private high schools located in Lincoln are College View Academy, Lincoln Christian, Lincoln Lutheran, Parkview Christian and Pius X High School.[96]

Colleges and universities

There are currently nine colleges and universities located within Lincoln proper. The University of Nebraska–Lincoln,[14] the flagship campus of the University of Nebraska system, is the largest university in Nebraska. Other colleges and universities based in Lincoln are: Bryan College of Health Sciences,[97] Nebraska Wesleyan University,[98] Southeast Community College[99] and Union College.[100]

Colleges and universities with satellite locations in Lincoln are Bellevue University,[101] Concordia University (Nebraska),[102] Doane College,[103] and Kaplan University.[104]

Memorial Stadium

Other schools, not to be confused with the colleges above, are the College of Hair Design[105] and Joseph's College of Cosmetology.[106]

Media

Television

Three-to-four-story brick buildings
H. P. Lau Building in Haymarket District

Lincoln has four licensed broadcast television stations:[107]

The headquarters of Nebraska Educational Telecommunications (NET), which is affiliated with the Public Broadcasting Service and National Public Radio, are in Lincoln.[111]

Lincoln is one of the few cities without its own NBC affiliate; Omaha's WOWT served as the city's default NBC affiliate until recently when Hastings' KHAS-TV moved to KSNB-TV, making both available on cable.[112] Omaha's other television stations can also be picked up in Lincoln with an antenna, and all full-power stations are available on cable.

Lincoln also has an analog TV translator for 3ABN on channel 27, low power digital on channel 26; TBN low power digital on channel 29.[107]

Radio

There are 13 radio stations licensed in Lincoln, not including radio stations licensed outside of the city that serve the Lincoln area.

interview
View of a Lincoln radio station studio (KLIN-AM)
The Eagle Fruit Store and Capitol Hotel in downtown Lincoln during the 1940s.

FM stations include:[113]

AM stations include:[114]

Most areas of Lincoln also receive radio signals from Omaha and other surrounding communities.

Print

The Lincoln Journal Star is the city's major daily newspaper;[115] the Daily Nebraskan is the official campus paper of the University of Nebraska-Lincoln;[116] The DailyER Nebraskan is the University of Nebraska-Lincoln's biweekly satirical paper;[117] the Reveille is the official periodical campus paper of Nebraska Wesleyan University;[118] the Clocktower is the official campus paper of Union College.[119]

Infrastructure

Transportation

Street and highway map of Lincoln

Major highways

Lincoln is served by Interstate 80 via 7.25 interchanges, connecting the city to San Francisco and Teaneck, New Jersey[120] (in the New York City Metropolitan Area). Other Highways that serve the Lincoln area are Interstate 180, U.S. Highway 6, U.S. Highway 34, U.S. Highway 77 and nearby Nebraska Highway 79. Nebraska Highway 2 (eastern segment) is a primary trucking route that connects Kansas City (Interstate 29) to the I-80 corridor in Lincoln.[121] A few additional minor State Highway segments reside within the city as well.[122]

Mass transit

A public bus transit system, StarTran, operates in Lincoln. StarTran's fleet consists of 63 full-sized buses and 13 Handi-Vans.[123]

Intercity transit

The Lincoln Airport (KLNK/LNK) provides passengers with daily non-stop service to United Airlines hubs Chicago O'Hare International Airport & Denver International Airport as well as Delta Air Lines hubs Minneapolis-Saint Paul International Airport & Hartsfield–Jackson Atlanta International Airport. General aviation support is provided through several private aviation companies.[124] The Lincoln Airport was among the emergency landing sites for the NASA Space Shuttle,[125] chiefly because of a 12,901 feet (3,932 m) runway; the longest of three at the airport.[126]

Aerial view of the Lincoln Airport passenger terminal.

Lincoln is served by Black Hills Stage Lines for regional bus service between Omaha and Denver.[127]

Amtrak provides service to Lincoln, operating its California Zephyr daily in each direction between Chicago and Emeryville, California, using BNSF's Lincoln - Denver route through Nebraska.

Rail freight

Rail freight travels coast-to-coast, to & through Lincoln via BNSF Railway, the Union Pacific Railroad, Lincoln's own Omaha, Lincoln and Beatrice Railway Company[128] and an Omaha Public Power District rail spur.[129] Lincoln was once served by the Chicago, Rock Island and Pacific Railroad (Rock Island), the Missouri Pacific Railroad (MoPac) and the Chicago and North Western Transportation Company (C&NW)[130] (most of the abandoned right-of-way of these former railroads have since been turned into bicycle trails).

Utilities

Power in Lincoln is provided by the Lincoln Electric System (LES). The LES service area covers 200 square miles, serving not only Lincoln but also several other communities outside of the city. A public utility,[131] LES's electric rates are the 13th lowest in the nation (according to a nationwide survey conducted by LES, as of January 1, 2014).[132] Current LES power supply resources are 43% coal, 42% oil & gas and 15% renewable.[133] Power derived by renewable resources are expected to climb to 48% by 2016, with partial help from the addition of an LES-owned 5 Megawatt solar energy farm that will be built on the west side of Lincoln[134] (expected to be in service by 2016).[133] LES also owns two wind turbines in the northeast part of the city.[135]

Water in Lincoln is provided through the Lincoln Water System.[136] Most of Lincoln's water originates from wells along the Platte River near Ashland, Nebraska.[137] Wastewater is in turn collected by the Lincoln Wastewater System.[138] Both systems are owned by the city of Lincoln.

Natural gas is provided by Black Hills Energy.[139]

Landline telephone service has had a storied history within the Lincoln area. Beginning as the Lincoln Telephone & Telegraph Company (more recently merging to become Aliant Communications and then Alltel),[140] Windstream Communications[141] provides telephone service both over VoIP and conventional telephone circuits.[142] Also, Time Warner Cable offers telephone service over VoIP on their cable network.[143][144]

Notable people

See also

Notes

  1. ↑ Official records for Lincoln kept at University of Nebraska–Lincoln (Weather Bureau) from January 1887 to December 1947, Lincoln Municipal Airport from January 1948 to June 1954, Lincoln University (campus) from July 1954 to August 1955, the Weather Bureau in downtown from September 1955 to August 1972, and at Lincoln Municipal Airport since September 1972.[36]
  2. ↑ Only 20 to 22 years of data were used to calculate relative humidity normals.

References

  1. ↑ Founded as "Lancaster".
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 "US Gazetteer files 2013 - Places". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved 20 April 2014.
  3. ↑ "US Gazetteer files 2013 - Urban Areas". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved 20 April 2014.
  4. ↑ "US Gazetteer files 2013 - National Counties Gazetteer File". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved 27 April 2014.
  5. ↑ 5.0 5.1 "American FactFinder". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved 2012-06-24.
  6. ↑ 6.0 6.1 6.2 "Population Estimates". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved 2014-07-17.
  7. ↑ "US Board on Geographic Names". United States Geological Survey. 2007-10-25. Retrieved 2008-01-31.
  8. ↑ "Population of Nebraska Incorporated Places". Nebraska Databook (Nebraska Department of Economic Development). Retrieved 6 August 2014.
  9. ↑ "Find a County". National Association of Counties. Retrieved 6 August 2014.
  10. ↑ 10.0 10.1 "Metropolitan and Micropolitan Statistical Areas of the United States and Puerto Rico" (PDF). U.S. Census Bureau. Retrieved 3 August 2014.
  11. ↑ 11.0 11.1 "Lincoln's Founding". Nebraska State Historical Society. Retrieved 5 December 2014.
  12. ↑ "County-City Building, Lincoln, Lancaster County, Nebraska". Nebraska State Historical Society. Retrieved 5 December 2014.
  13. ↑ 13.0 13.1 13.2 13.3 "A Nearly Recession-Proof City Is Not Slowing Down". National Public Radio. Retrieved 2 March 2015.
  14. ↑ 14.0 14.1 "About UNL - University of Nebraska-Lincoln". University of Nebraska–Lincoln. Retrieved 27 January 2015.
  15. ↑ 15.0 15.1 "Lincoln Labor Area Summary" (PDF). Nebraska Department of Labor. Retrieved 21 March 2015.
  16. ↑ "Nebraska State Capitol". visitusa.com. Retrieved 5 December 2014.
  17. ↑ "1889 History of Lincoln Nebraska, Chapter 11". Memorial Library. Retrieved 30 April 2015.
  18. ↑ "Nebraska Statehood, capital location, and commissioner's home". Nebraska State Historical Society. Retrieved 29 April 2015.
  19. ↑ "Lincoln - Nebraska, United States - Encyclopedia Britannica". Encyclopedia Britannica, Inc. Retrieved 29 April 2015.
  20. ↑ "Lincoln - History". city-data.com. Retrieved 5 December 2014.
  21. ↑ "1889 History of Lincoln Nebraska, Chapter 12". Memorial Library. Retrieved 30 April 2015.
  22. ↑ "LPD Hisotry". Lincoln.ne.gov. Retrieved 30 April 2015.
  23. ↑ 23.0 23.1 "1889 History of Lincoln Nebraska, Chapter 13". Memorial Library. Retrieved 30 April 2015.
  24. ↑ 24.0 24.1 McKee, Jim. "The rise and demise of Lincoln-owned department stores". Lincoln Journal Star. Lincoln Journal Star. Retrieved 29 April 2015.
  25. ↑ "History of the Lincoln Fire & Rescue". Interline Lincoln.ne.gov. City of Lincoln. Retrieved 1 May 2015.
  26. ↑ "Population of Nebraska Incorporated Places, 1930 to 1980". Nebraska Possibilities Endless. Nebraska Department of Economic Development Agency. Retrieved 30 April 2015.
  27. ↑ "Gazetteer files - Geography - U.S. Census Bureau". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved 6 August 2014.
  28. ↑ "Resource Categorization of Nebraska's Eastern Saline Wetlands" (PDF). Retrieved 3 August 2014.
  29. ↑ "Endangered Species of the Mountain-Prairie Region - U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service". U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Department of the Interior. Retrieved 2 August 2014.
  30. ↑ "lincoln.ne.gov - Planning Department - Long Range Planning - Historic Preservation - Sites and Districs". City of Lincoln, Nebraska. Retrieved 13 December 2013.
  31. ↑ "lincoln.ne.gov - Urban Development - Neighborhood Statistics". City of Lincoln, Nebraska. Retrieved 13 December 2013.
  32. ↑ "World Map of the Köppen-Geiger Climate Classification Updated Map for the United States of America". Institute for Veterinary Public Health. Retrieved 3 August 2014.
  33. ↑ 33.0 33.1 33.2 33.3 33.4 33.5 "NowData – NOAA Online Weather Data". Retrieved March 1, 2012.
  34. ↑
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