Life of Pi (film)

Life of Pi

Theatrical release poster
Directed by Ang Lee
Produced by
Screenplay by David Magee
Based on Life of Pi 
by Yann Martel
Starring
Music by Mychael Danna
Cinematography Claudio Miranda
Edited by Tim Squyres
Production
company
Distributed by 20th Century Fox
Release dates
  • 28 September 2012 (NYFF)
  • 21 November 2012 (US)
Running time
 127 minutes[2]
Country United States[3][4][5][6][7]
Language English
Budget US$120 million[8]
Box office US$609,016,565[8]

Life of Pi is a 2012 American adventure drama film based on Yann Martel's 2001 novel of the same name. Directed by Ang Lee, the film's adapted screenplay was written by David Magee, and it stars Suraj Sharma, Irrfan Khan, Rafe Spall, Gérard Depardieu, Tabu, and Adil Hussain.

The storyline revolves around an Indian man named Piscine Molitor "Pi" Patel, living in Canada and telling a novelist about his life story and how at 16 he survives a shipwreck in which his family dies, and is stranded in the Pacific Ocean on a lifeboat with a Bengal tiger named Richard Parker.

The film had its worldwide premiere as the opening film of the 51st New York Film Festival at both the Walter Reade Theater and Alice Tully Hall in New York City on September 28, 2012.[9]

Life of Pi emerged as a critical and commercial success, earning over US$609 million worldwide. It was nominated for three Golden Globe Awards which included the Best Picture – Drama and the Best Director and won the Golden Globe Award for Best Original Score. At the 85th Academy Awards it had eleven nominations, including Best Picture, and won four (the most for the evening) including Best Director for Ang Lee.[10]

Plot

A Canadian novelist named Yann Martel meets an Indian man, Pi Patel, with some knowledge from Pi's late father's friend, known to Pi as "Mamaji", for a good book. Pi tells Yann his life story.

In a flashback, Pi's father named him Piscine Molitor after a swimming pool in France. By the time he reached secondary school, he changed his name to "Pi" (the Greek letter, π) because he was tired of being called "Pissing Patel" (due to the pronunciation of his name). Pi's family owned a zoo, and Pi took great interest in the animals, especially a Bengal tiger named Richard Parker. When Pi tries feeding Richard Parker through the cage bars, his enraged father runs in and tells him that Richard Parker is dangerous and would kill him if it had the chance, and so his father forces Pi to witness Richard Parker killing a goat to prove his point. Pi is raised Hindu and vegetarian, but at 12 years old, he is introduced to Christianity and then Islam, and decides to follow all three religions as he "just wants to love God". His mother supports his desire to grow, but his father, a rationalist, tries to convert him to his own way of thinking.

When Pi is 16, his father decides to move the family to Canada, where he intends to settle and sell the zoo animals. Pi's family books passage on a Japanese freighter named Tsimtsum. During a storm, the ship founders while Pi is on deck. He tries to find his family, but a member of the crew throws him into a lifeboat. As the ship falls into the sea, a freed zebra jumps onto the boat with him, breaking its leg as it lands. Pi watches helplessly as the ship sinks, drowning his family. After the ship disappears, Pi sees what he believes is a survivor struggling in the ocean. He calls out to the 'survivor' who swims towards the lifeboat, however it turns out to be Richard Parker. Pi attempts to prevent the tiger from entering the boat with an oar, however it climbs in anyway.

After the storm, Pi finds himself in the lifeboat with the injured zebra, and is joined by an orangutan who has survived the sinking on a floating crate of bananas. A spotted hyena emerges from a tarpaulin covering half of the lifeboat and snaps at Pi, forcing him to retreat to the end of the boat, while it kills and eats the zebra, and later fights the orangutan, eventually killing it too. Later, Richard Parker emerges from under the tarpaulin, killing the hyena and attempting to attack Pi, who distracts it by throwing a rat into its mouth. Richard Parker then retreats under the tarpaulin and does not emerge for several days.

After many days at sea, Pi retrieves biscuits, water rations and a hand axe from the lifeboat and builds a small raft to stay at a safe distance from Richard Parker. He begins fishing and is able to feed Richard Parker. He also collects rain water for them to drink. When the tiger jumps into the sea to hunt for fish to eat, Pi considers letting it drown but ultimately helps it climb back into the boat. One night, a humpback whale breaches and lands on the rope connecting the raft to the lifeboat, completely destroying the raft. Pi loses most of his supplies, forcing him to eat fish for the first time in his life. Pi trains Richard Parker to accept him in the boat and realizes that caring for Richard Parker is keeping him alive.

Weeks later they reach a floating island of edible plants, supporting a mangrove jungle, fresh water pools, and a large population of meerkats. Pi and Richard Parker eat and drink freely and regain strength. At night, the island transforms into a hostile environment: Richard Parker retreats to the lifeboat and the meerkats sleep in the trees while the fresh water pools turn acidic and digest the dead fish in the pools. Pi discovers that the island itself is carnivorous after finding a human tooth embedded in a flower. The next day, Pi and Richard Parker leave the island.

Some time later, the lifeboat reaches the coast of Mexico. Pi is crushed emotionally that Richard Parker does not acknowledge him before disappearing into the jungle. Pi is rescued and brought to a hospital. Insurance agents for the Japanese company that owned the freighter interview him, but do not believe his story and ask what "really" happened. Pi tells a different story, in which he shares the lifeboat not with animals, but with his mother, a Buddhist sailor with a broken leg, and the cook. In this story, Pi says that the cook killed the sailor in order to eat him and use him as bait. In a later struggle, Pi's mother pushed her son to safety on a smaller raft before the cook murdered her and threw her body overboard. Pi then took the knife and killed the cook, and managed to survive on the cook's flesh until reaching Mexico. The insurance agents are not satisfied with this story either, but they leave without questioning Pi any further.

Next, Yann notes the parallels between the two stories: the orangutan was Pi's mother, the zebra was the sailor, the hyena was the cook, and Richard Parker was Pi. Pi asks which story the writer prefers, and Yann chooses "the one with the tiger" because it is "the better story", to which Pi responds, "Thank you. And so it goes with God". Glancing at a copy of the insurance report, Yann sees that the agents wrote that Pi survived 227 days at sea with an adult Bengal tiger, meaning they had also chosen to record the first story.

Cast

Production timeline

Development

"I wanted to use water because the film is talking about faith, and it contains fish, life and every emotion for Pi. And air is God, heaven and something spiritual and death. That's how I see it. I believe the thing we call faith or God is our emotional attachment to the unknown. I'm Chinese; I believe in the Taoist Buddha. We don't talk about a deity, which is very much like this book; we're not talking about religion but God in the abstract sense, something to overpower you."

—Ang Lee, on the use of water and the spiritual element of Life of Pi, November 17, 2012.[11]

Life of Pi is directed by Ang Lee and based on a screenplay by David Magee. The screenplay is adapted from the 2001 novel of the same name written by Yann Martel. Before Lee, the project had numerous directors and writers attached, and the Los Angeles Times credited Fox 2000 Pictures executive Elizabeth Gabler with keeping the project active.[12] Gabler in February 2003 had acquired the project to adapt Life of Pi into a film. She hired the screenwriter Dean Georgaris to write an adapted screenplay. In the following October, Fox 2000 announced a partnership with M. Night Shyamalan to direct the film. Shyamalan was attracted to the novel particularly because its main character also comes from Pondicherry in India. The partners anticipated for Shyamalan to direct the film adaptation after completing The Village. Shyamalan also replaced Georgaris as the screenwriter, writing a new screenplay for the film.[13] Ultimately, Shyamalan chose to film Lady in the Water after The Village, and Fox 2000 Pictures decided to find another director. In March 2005, they entered talks with Alfonso Cuarón to become the director.[14] Shyamalan said in 2006, "I was hesitant [to direct] because the book has kind of a twist ending. And I was concerned that as soon as you put my name on it, everybody would have a different experience."[15]

Cuarón decided to direct Children of Men instead, and in October 2005, Fox 2000 Pictures hired Jean-Pierre Jeunet to direct the film. Jeunet began writing the adapted screenplay with Guillaume Laurant, and filming was scheduled to begin in mid-2006, partially in India.[16] Jeunet eventually left the project, and in February 2009, Fox 2000 Pictures hired Ang Lee to direct the film.[17] In May 2010, Lee and the producer Gil Netter proposed a reported budget of US$120 million, at which the studio balked, placing the project's development on hold for a short time.[12] David Magee was hired to write the screenplay, as Lee began to spend several months looking for someone to cast as Pi.

Lee stated that water was a major inspiration behind making the film in 3-D: "I thought this was a pretty impossible movie to make technically. It's so expensive for what it is. You sort of have to disguise a philosophical book as an adventure story. I thought of 3-D half a year before 'Avatar' was on the screen. I thought water, with its transparency and reflection, the way it comes out to you in 3-D, would create a new theatrical experience and maybe the audience or the studio would open up their minds a little bit to accept something different."[11] Following the premiere of the film, Lee stated that his desire to take risks and chances helped with his direction, saying "In a strange way it did feel like we're the vessels, we have to surrender to movie god. We have to let things happen. I just had this feeling, I'll follow this kid to wherever this movie takes me. I saw the movie start to unravel in front of me."[18]

Pre-production

Suraj Sharma plays Pi at age 16.

After 3,000 young men auditioned for the film's lead, in October 2010 Lee chose to cast Suraj Sharma, a 17-year-old student and an acting newcomer.[19] Upon receiving the role, Sharma underwent extensive training in ocean survival, as well as in yoga and meditation practices to prepare for the part.[20] Two months after Sharma was cast, it was announced that Gérard Depardieu would play the role of the Cook, Irrfan Khan would play the adult Pi. It was also announced that Adil Hussain would play Pi's father, while Tabu was in talks to play the role of Pi’s mother.[21]

In April 2011, it was announced that Tobey Maguire would be joining the film in the role originally referred to as "a reporter."[22] However, in September 2012, it was announced that Lee had cut Tobey Maguire from the film. Lee justified the cut by stating that he did it "to be consistent with the other casting choices made for the film, I decided to go with an entirely international cast."[23] Like Shahrukh Khan, Lee described Maguire's presence also as "too jarringly recognizable." He reshot the scenes with Rafe Spall in the role later referred to as the Writer.[23]

Production

Principal photography for the film began on January 18, 2011 in Puducherry at the Holy Rosary Church in Muthialpet. Filming continued in Puducherry until January 31 and moved to other parts of India, including the popular hill station of Munnar in Kerala, as well as Taiwan. The crew filmed in Taiwan for five and a half months in Taipei Zoo, an airport in Taichung, and Kenting National Park, located in Pingtung County where Lee was born.[24][25] The ocean scenes of the film were shot at a giant wave tank built by the crew in an abandoned airport.[26] The tank is known as the world’s largest self-generating wave tank, with a capacity of 1.7 million gallons.[27] With production scheduled to last two and a half months at the tank, cinematographer Claudio Miranda assisted in the tank's design in order to get the most out of it for lighting, explaining, "We knew we were going to be inside there shooting for 2.5 months, so it was worth it to be able to do anything we want. On all these kind of scenes, we had an idea of what the weather would be like. In that tank, I can create storm clouds, nightfall. We had curtains that I can block out [light], doors to open and let in real sunlight,” Miranda says. “So lighting-wise, [the movie] had a big ebb and flow."[28] After photography was completed in Taiwan, production moved back to India and concluded in Montreal, Quebec, Canada.[19]

Post-production

The lead visual effects company for Life of Pi was Rhythm & Hues Studios (R&H). 3D effects for the film were created by a team of R&H artists in Los Angeles, Mumbai and Hyderabad (India), Kuala Lumpur (Malaysia), Vancouver (Canada), and Kaohsiung (Taiwan).[29][30][31][32][33][34]

The R&H VFX (Visual Effects) Supervisor Bill Westenhofer said that discussions of the project began with Ang Lee in August 2009.[35][36] Westenhofer noted that Lee "knew we had done the lion in the first Narnia movie. He asked, 'Does a digital character look more or less real in 3D?' We looked at each other and thought that was a pretty good question."[37] He also stated that during these meetings, Lee said, "‘I look forward to making art with you.’ This was really for me one of the most rewarding things I’ve worked on and the first chance to really combine art with VFX. Every shot was artistic exploration, to make the ocean a character and make it interesting we had to strive to make it as visually stunning as possible.”[38] Rhythm & Hues spent a year on research and development, " building upon its already vast knowledge of CG animation" to develop the tiger.[39] The British Film Institute's Sight & Sound magazine suggested that, "Life of Pi can be seen as the film Rhythm & Hues has been building up to all these years, by taking things they learned from each production from Cats & Dogs to Yogi Bear, integrating their animals in different situations and environments, pushing them to do more, and understanding how all of this can succeed both visually and dramatically."[40]

Artist Abdul Rahman in the Malaysian branch underscored the global nature of the effects process, saying that "the special thing about Life of Pi is that it was the first time we did something called remote rendering, where we engaged our cloud infrastructure in Taiwan called CAVE (Cloud Animation and Visual Effects)."[41]

Additional visual effects studios that worked on the film include MPC, yU+co, Buf, Crazy Horse Effects, Look Effects, Christov Effects, Lola VFX, Reliance Mediaworks, and Stereo D.[38]

Music

Life of Pi: Original Motion Picture Soundtrack
Soundtrack album by Mychael Danna
Released November 19, 2012
Genre Soundtrack, Indian Classical Music
Length 65:10
Label Sony Music
Producer Mychael Danna
Mychael Danna chronology

Moneyball
(2011)		 Life of Pi
(2012)		 Devil's Knot
(2013)

The film's musical score was composed by Mychael Danna, who previously wrote the music to Lee's films The Ice Storm and Ride with the Devil. A soundtrack album of the music was released by Sony Music on November 19, 2012.[42] The album features the track "Pi's Lullaby", which was co-written by Danna and Bombay Jayashri, who performs the song in Tamil.[43]

All music composed by Mychael Danna.

Distribution

Marketing

Due to the film's holiday release, Life of Pi‍ '​s financial success had been under review. Dorothy Pomerantz of Forbes said, "It looks like chances are very slim that the film will earn back its production and marketing costs let alone turn a profit." Pomerantz attributed this to the fact that film was not led by a big name star and faced other winter blockbusters.[44] John Horn and Ben Fritz of The Los Angeles Times compared the film to Martin Scorsese's Hugo, a large-budget 3D film that opened during the 2011 Thanksgiving week. They said that Life of Pi could have ended up like Hugo by "failing to connect with moviegoers" and become a "financial failure."[45] Similar speculation had been made by other news sources.[46][47]

Whether or not Hurricane Sandy would affect the film's publicity was also a question. Because the film includes a massive storm, it was speculated that the recent storm might result in lower box office revenue due to the unintentional overtones of Sandy's devastation. A Fox spokesperson made note that there were no plans to change the film’s marketing approach.[48]

During the marketing campaign for Life of Pi, the film was promoted as "the next Avatar" in trailers and TV spots.[49] James Cameron, the director of Avatar, later became the subject of two featurettes that focus on the film's 3D and computer-generated imagery.[50] In addition, the original novel was re-released in a movie tie-in edition.[51] This was later followed by the release of The Making of Life of Pi: A Film, a Journey, a book by Jean-Christophe Castelli that details how Life of Pi was brought to the big screen.[52]

Theatrical release

Life of Pi had a wide release in the United States on November 21, 2012 in both traditional and 3D viewing formats. It was originally scheduled to be released on December 14, 2012, but when The Hobbit: An Unexpected Journey was announced for the same release date, Life of Pi was postponed a week. It was then shifted a month in advance.[53]

Home media

Life of Pi was released on DVD, Blu-ray, and Blu-ray 3D in North America, on March 12, 2013.[54] The film's 2D Blu-ray release contains many special features, including a one-hour making-of special entitled A Filmmaker's Epic Journey, two featurettes focusing on the film's visual effects, as well as two behind-the-scene looks at storyboarding and pre-production artwork. In addition, the film's 3D Blu-ray release contains five deleted scenes and a featurette entitled VFX Progressions that takes a look at what was shot and how it evolved to be what was rendered on screen.[55]

Reception

Box office

As of May 8, 2013, Life of Pi has grossed US$124,772,844 in North America, and US$484,029,542 in other countries, for a worldwide total of US$609,006,177.[8] During its opening on the extended Thanksgiving weekend, the film debuted in 2,902 theaters throughout the United States and Canada and grossed US$30,573,101.[56] The film did well internationally and is one of the few Hollywood films to earn more in China than in the United States.[57] On the Chinese mainland, from November 22 to December 24,[58] the film topped the box office for three weeks,[59] and grossed over US$91 million.[60] As of January 24, 2013, it had also topped the box office for three weeks in Australia,[61] Chile,[62] and four weeks in Mexico[63] and Peru.[64] The film became the biggest Hollywood hit of the year in India[65][66] and is also estimated to be the third-highest grossing Hollywood release of all time in the country behind Avatar and 2012.[67] Life of Pi has earned HK$45,058,653 (US$5.8 million) at the Hong Kong box office, making it the highest grossing Ang Lee film in Hong Kong.[68]

Critical reception

Life of Pi received widespread critical acclaim, with praise directed towards the visual effects, Ang Lee's direction, David Magee's screenplay, Mychael Danna's musical score, and the editing. It has an 87% approval rating on the review aggregator website Rotten Tomatoes based on 225 reviews. Its consensus reads "A 3D adaptation of a supposedly 'unfilmable' book, Ang Lee's Life of Pi achieves the near impossible — it's an astonishing technical achievement that's also emotionally rewarding."[69] On Metacritic, the film has an average score of 79 out of 100, based on 44 reviews, indicating "generally favorable reviews."[70]

Roger Ebert of the Chicago Sun-Times gave Life of Pi 4 out of 4 stars, referring to it as "a miraculous achievement of storytelling and a landmark of visual mastery" as well as "one of the best films of the year." He particularly praised the film's use of 3D that he described as "deepen[ing] the film's sense of places and events."[71] Comparatively, Peter Travers of Rolling Stone highlighted the use of 3D in the film suggesting that "like Hugo, from Martin Scorsese, Life of Pi puts 3D in the hands of a worldclass film artist. (Ang) Lee uses 3D with the delicacy and lyricism of a poet. You don't just watch this movie, you live it."[72] Parmita Borah of Eastern Fare says, "There is this one scene in particular where the entire ocean is covered with jelly fish which makes you feel like 'this is what heaven must look like'."[73]

The Los Angeles Times critic Betsy Sharkey referred to the film as a "masterpiece," stating that

"There is always a poetic aesthetic that Lee brings to his best work – the brutal martial arts ballet of Crouching Tiger, Hidden Dragon or the homophobic hatred against the backcountry grandeur of Brokeback Mountain, which would win him an Oscar for directing in 2006. In Life of Pi, certainly given its technological achievements, the filmmaker has raised the bar. Not since James Cameron's breathtaking blue Avatar in 2009 has 3-D had such impact."[74]

In an interview with the Los Angeles Times, renowned director James Cameron highlighted the use of 3D in the film stating that

"Life of Pi breaks the paradigm that 3-D has to be some big, action fantasy spectacle, superhero movie [....] The movie is visually amazing, inventive, and it works on you in ways you’re not really aware of. It takes you on a journey, and unless you’ve read the book – which I hadn’t – you have no idea where that journey is going. It does what good 3-D is supposed to do, which is, it allows you to forget you’re watching a 3-D movie."[75]

According to French journalist Marjolaine Gout, the movie is "a philosophical tale where Noah’s Ark metamorphoses into 'The Raft of the Medusa'". She adds that it is "a visual masterpiece" in which "Ang Lee proves, once again, his talent as a universal storyteller". She also writes about the visual poetry of the movie reminding viewers of the works of classical painters and the symbolic of kolams. The film got 8 out of 10 stars, the readers gave 7 stars.[76]

Yann Martel, the author of the novel on which the film is based, found the film to be a "delightful" adaptation, saying,

"I’m happy it works so well as a film. Even if the ending is not as ambiguous as the book’s, the possibility that there might be another version of Pi’s story comes at you unexpectedly and raises the same important questions about truth, perception and belief."[77]

A. O. Scott of The New York Times was critical of the film's narrative frame, arguing that "the movie invites you to believe in all kinds of marvelous things, but it also may cause you to doubt what you see with your own eyes – or even to wonder if, in the end, you have seen anything at all." Scott further criticized the film for repressing the darker themes of the tale.[78] Nick Schager of The Village Voice also panned the film stating "A stacked-deck theological inquiry filtered through a Titanic-by-way-of–Slumdog Millionaire narrative, Life of Pi manages occasional spiritual wonder through its 3-D visuals but otherwise sinks like a stone."[79] Peter Bradshaw of The Guardian gave the film 2 out of 5 stars, and states "despite some lovely images and those eyepopping effects, it is a shallow and self-important shaggy-dog story – or shaggy-tiger story [....] It deserves every technical prize going."[80]

Richard Corliss of Time selected the film as the third-best movie of 2012, as well as calling it the next "Avatar."[81]

The film has been described as containing a "subtle, artistic warning" about the dangers of increased anthropogenic carbon dioxide emissions and ocean acidification, the acidic island Pi and Richard Parker encounter being compared to Castello Aragonese in the Tyrrhenian Sea near Naples and Richard Parker's final dismissive departure representing the "not too pleasant face of Gaia (see Gaia hypothesis)."[82]

On his Twitter page, Actor Russell Crowe has praised the film, calling it "amazing" and a "beautiful film".[83]

In an interview with The Wall Street Journal, Anne Hathaway said the film is one of her "favorite films of all time".[84]

M. Night Shyamalan, who was originally approached to adapt the novel into a movie, praised Ang Lee's "wonderful job" but acknowledged he would have done it differently:

"Though Lee did a wonderful job, I think my film would have been different from his version. Different perspectives, I guess. When I was approached to do the film, I wanted more time. The production house wanted me to do it right away, but I’m sure they had their reasons. It took them six years to find another director."[85]

Controversies

Despite the Oscar for Best Visual Effects at the 2013 Academy Awards, Rhythm & Hues Studios (who provided most of the visual effects for the film) was forced to file for bankruptcy on February 11, 2013, citing unfair competition from subsidized and tax exempt foreign studios.[86] This sparked a demonstration of nearly 500 VFX artists who protested outside the 2013 Academy Awards.[87] Inside, during the Oscars, when R&H visual effects supervisor Bill Westenhofer brought up R&H during his acceptance speech for Life of Pi, the microphone was cut off.[88] This started an uproar among many visual effects industry professionals, changing profile pictures on social media such as Facebook and Twitter to show the green key colour, in order to raise awareness for what is happening to the effects industry.[89] In addition, director Ang Lee was criticized by the protest leader for his failure to thank the effect industry, "Ang thanked the crew, the actors, his agent, his lawyer and the entire country of Taiwan right down to the team that built the wave-pool on the soundstage where Pi was shot. But failed to mention hundreds of artists who made not only the main character of the tiger, but replaced that pool, making it look like a real ocean for 80% of his movie."[90] He was also criticized for earlier complaining about the costs of visual effects.[90][91] In February 2014, Christina Lee Storm and Scott Leberecht released the documentary Life After Pi to YouTube.[92] The documentary details the role Rhythm & Hues played in Life of Pi as well as the consequent bankruptcy. Bill Westenhofer also discusses his experience at the Oscars as he accepted a Visual Effects award for Rhythm & Hues' work on Life of Pi.[93][94][95][96]

A trust named after Carnatic musician Irayimman Thampi has accused Bombay Jayashri's Oscar-nominated song "Pi's Lullaby" of not being an original composition.[97] The trust has alleged that the first eight lines of the song is a word-by-word translation of composer Thampi's renowned lullaby in Malayalam Omanathinkal Kidavo. Jayashri has denied the allegation.[97][97][98][99]

Accolades

Life of Pi was nominated for eleven Academy Awards and won four (more than any other film from 2012): Best Director (Ang Lee), Best Cinematography (Claudio Miranda), Best Visual Effects (Bill Westenhofer, Guillaume Rocheron, Erik-Jan de Boer and Donald R. Elliott) and Best Original Score (Mychael Danna).[100][101] It was nominated for three Golden Globe Awards and won for Best Original Score. The film also won awards for cinematography, film editing, sound effects and original score at several other awards ceremonies. In addition to the academy award, Ang Lee won best director awards from the Kansas City, Las Vegas, and London Film Critics. The film was awarded the Best Picture award by the Las Vegas Film Critics Society and was named one of the top ten films of the year by the New York Film Critics and the Southeastern Film Critics.

See also

References

  1. ↑ "Life of Pi - The Hollywood Reporter". Hollywood Reporter. Retrieved December 15, 2013.
  2. ↑ "LIFE OF PI (PG)". British Board of Film Classification. November 9, 2012. Retrieved November 23, 2012.
  3. ↑ "LIFE OF PI". New York Film Festival.
  4. ↑ "Life of Pi (2012)". The New York Times.
  5. ↑ "Life of Pi". AFI. Retrieved December 15, 2013.
  6. ↑ "LIFE OF PI (2012)". Turner Classic Movies.
  7. ↑ "Life of Pi". Toronto International Film Festival Subscription Series.
  8. ↑ 8.0 8.1 8.2 "Life of Pi". Box Office Mojo. Retrieved August 6, 2013.
  9. ↑ Scott, A. O. (September 27, 2012). "A Festival Whose Age Is Just a Number". The New York Times. Retrieved January 12, 2013.
  10. ↑ Brooks, Xan (February 25, 2013). "Ang Lee wins best director Oscar for Life of Pi". theguardian.com. Retrieved October 17, 2013.
  11. ↑ 11.0 11.1 Ebert, Roger (November 17, 2012). "Ang Lee: Of water and Pi". Chicago Sun-Times.
  12. ↑ 12.0 12.1 Zeitchik, Steven; Horn, John (May 27, 2010). "'Life of Pi' suffers another blow". Los Angeles Times.
  13. ↑ Brodesser, Claude; McNary, Dave (October 8, 2003). "'Pi' in sky at Fox 2000". Variety.
  14. ↑ Brodesser, Claude (March 31, 2005). "Inside Move: New baker for Fox's 'Pi'". Variety.
  15. ↑ Schwartz, Missy (May 3, 2006). "'Water' Bearer". Entertainment Weekly.
  16. ↑ Fleming, Michael (October 23, 2005). "Jeunet gets piece of 'Pi'". Variety.
  17. ↑ Fleming, Michael (February 17, 2009). "Ang Lee circles 'Life of Pi' film". Variety.
  18. ↑ "BEST NEWS: Ang Lee surrenders to 'Movie Gods'". CNN. December 21, 2012. Retrieved March 10, 2013.
  19. ↑ 19.0 19.1 McClintock, Pamela (October 25, 2010). "Indian teen newcomer gets 'Life of Pi' lead". Variety.
  20. ↑ Patches, Matt (November 22, 2012). "'Life of Pi' Newcomer Suraj Sharma Reveals Ang Lee's Acting Boot Camp". Hollywood.com. Archived from the original on January 25, 2013. Retrieved November 25, 2012.
  21. ↑ Fischer, Russ (December 8, 2010). "Gerard Depardieu and Irrfan Khan Cast in Ang Lee’s ‘Life of Pi’". Slash Film. Retrieved November 20, 2012.
  22. ↑ Kit, Borys (April 8, 2011). "Tobey Maguire Joins 'Life of Pi' Cast". The Hollywood Reporter. Retrieved November 20, 2012.
  23. ↑ 23.0 23.1 George Wales (September 6, 2012). "Tobey Maguire cut from Ang Lee’s Life of Pi". Total Film. Retrieved September 6, 2012.
  24. ↑ "李安30億打造《奇幻漂流》 掐預算導演兼伙夫". appledaily.com.tw. Apple Daily (Taiwan). November 20, 2012.
  25. ↑ "Ang Lee begins shooting in Pondy, Life of Pi' comes alive". The Times of India. January 19, 2012. Retrieved November 20, 2012.
  26. ↑ Caro, Mark (November 16, 2012). "A perilous journey for 'Life of Pi' director Ang Lee". Chicago Tribune. Retrieved November 22, 2012.
  27. ↑ "About Life of Pi". News Desk. The Express Tribune. November 20, 2012. Retrieved November 25, 2012.
  28. ↑ Bierly, Mandi (February 24, 2013). "Oscar-nominated cinematographers explain how they envelop you in the story". Entertainment Weekly. Retrieved February 24, 2013.
  29. ↑ "A Glimpse of Rhythm & Hues (Asian Facilities) Work on Ang Lee's Masterpiece, 'Life of Pi.' "". animationxpress.com.
  30. ↑ "Making of Life of Pi: In Conversation with R&H". cgtantra.com.
  31. ↑ "Rhythm & Hues Taps NVIDIA Technology for Life of Pi". awn.com (Animation World Network). November 26, 2012.
  32. ↑ "A First Mate Bares His Fangs: Creating a Tiger for ‘Life of Pi’". nytimes.com. New York Times. November 16, 2012.
  33. ↑ "Rhythm & Hues Makes Skies Soar". cgw.com. Computer Graphics World,. November 27, 2012.
  34. ↑ "Malaysian team behind special effects for Life of Pi and Snow White movies". thestar.com.my.
  35. ↑ "'Life of Pi's' digital magic". graphics.latimes.com (The Los Angeles Times). January 18, 2013.
  36. ↑ "EXCLUSIVE: Life of Pi's Stunning Effects". youtube.com. The Daily (News Corporation). November 26, 2012.
  37. ↑ "How "Life of Pi" animators visualized Ang Lee's blank slate". chicagotribune.com. Chicago Tribune. December 12, 2012.
  38. ↑ 38.0 38.1 "Life of Pi: a tiger’s tale". fxguide.com. Fxguide. November 26, 2012.
  39. ↑ "Vfx team dares to take tiger by the tail". variety.com. Variety (magazine). December 15, 2012.
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