Leukotriene C4 synthase
| Leukotriene C4 synthase |
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Rendering based on PDB 2PNO. |
| Available structures |
| PDB |
Ortholog search: PDBe, RCSB |
| List of PDB id codes |
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2PNO, 2UUH, 2UUI, 3B29, 3HKK, 3LEO, 3PCV, 4J7T, 4J7Y, 4JC7, 4JCZ, 4JRZ
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| Identifiers |
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| Symbols | LTC4S ; MGC33147 |
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| External IDs | OMIM: 246530 MGI: 107498 HomoloGene: 7406 IUPHAR: 1391 ChEMBL: 1743183 GeneCards: LTC4S Gene |
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| EC number | 4.4.1.20 |
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| Orthologs |
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| Species | Human | Mouse | |
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| Entrez | 4056 | 17001 | |
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| Ensembl | ENSG00000213316 | ENSMUSG00000020377 | |
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| UniProt | Q16873 | Q60860 | |
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| RefSeq (mRNA) | NM_145867 | NM_008521 | |
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| RefSeq (protein) | NP_665874 | NP_032547 | |
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| Location (UCSC) | Chr 5:
179.22 – 179.22 Mb | Chr 11:
50.24 – 50.24 Mb | |
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| PubMed search | | | |
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Leukotriene C4 synthase is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the LTC4S gene.[1][2]
The protein encoded by this gene, LTC4S (or glutathione S-transferase II) is an enzyme that converts leukotriene A4 and glutathione to create leukotriene C4. This is a member of MAPEG family of transmembrane proteins. A trimer of Leukotriene C4 synthase is localized on the outer nuclear membrane and endoplasmic reticulum, where it forms a complex with 5-Lipoxygenase-activating protein. This protein is remotely related to microsomal glutathione S-transferase.
Function
The MAPEG (Membrane-Associated Proteins in Eicosanoid and Glutathione metabolism) family includes a number of human proteins, several of which are involved the production of leukotrienes. This gene encodes an enzyme that catalyzes the first step in the biosynthesis of cysteinyl leukotrienes, potent biological compounds derived from arachidonic acid. Leukotrienes have been implicated as mediators of anaphylaxis and inflammatory conditions such as human bronchial asthma. This protein localizes to the nuclear envelope and adjacent endoplasmic reticulum.[2]
 Eicosanoid synthesis. (Leukotrienes at right.) |
References
Further reading
- Penrose JF (1999). "LTC4 synthase. Enzymology, biochemistry, and molecular characterization". Clinical reviews in allergy & immunology 17 (1–2): 133–52. doi:10.1007/BF02737601. PMID 10436863.
- Penrose JF, Austen KF (2000). "The biochemical, molecular, and genomic aspects of leukotriene C4 synthase". Proc. Assoc. Am. Physicians 111 (6): 537–46. doi:10.1046/j.1525-1381.1999.99212.x. PMID 10591082.
- Jakobsson PJ, Morgenstern R, Mancini J et al. (2000). "Membrane-associated proteins in eicosanoid and glutathione metabolism (MAPEG). A widespread protein superfamily". Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. 161 (2 Pt 2): S20–4. doi:10.1164/ajrccm.161.supplement_1.ltta-5. PMID 10673221.
- Bigby TD (2000). "The leukotriene C(4) synthase gene and asthma". Am. J. Respir. Cell Mol. Biol. 23 (3): 273–6. doi:10.1165/ajrcmb.23.3.f197. PMID 10970815.
- Penrose JF, Gagnon L, Goppelt-Struebe M et al. (1993). "Purification of human leukotriene C4 synthase". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 89 (23): 11603–6. doi:10.1073/pnas.89.23.11603. PMC 50601. PMID 1454853.
- Nicholson DW, Ali A, Klemba MW et al. (1992). "Human leukotriene C4 synthase expression in dimethyl sulfoxide-differentiated U937 cells". J. Biol. Chem. 267 (25): 17849–57. PMID 1517222.
- Penrose JF, Spector J, Lam BK et al. (1995). "Purification of human lung leukotriene C4 synthase and preparation of a polyclonal antibody". Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. 152 (1): 283–9. doi:10.1164/ajrccm.152.1.7599836. PMID 7599836.
- Söderström M, Morgenstern R, Hammarström S (1995). "Protein-protein interaction affinity chromatography of leukotriene C4 synthase". Protein Expr. Purif. 6 (3): 352–6. doi:10.1006/prep.1995.1046. PMID 7663172.
- Welsch DJ, Creely DP, Hauser SD et al. (1994). "Molecular cloning and expression of human leukotriene-C4 synthase". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 91 (21): 9745–9. doi:10.1073/pnas.91.21.9745. PMC 44893. PMID 7937884.
- Nicholson DW, Ali A, Vaillancourt JP et al. (1993). "Purification to homogeneity and the N-terminal sequence of human leukotriene C4 synthase: a homodimeric glutathione S-transferase composed of 18-kDa subunits". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 90 (5): 2015–9. doi:10.1073/pnas.90.5.2015. PMC 46011. PMID 8446623.
- Penrose JF, Spector J, Baldasaro M et al. (1996). "Molecular cloning of the gene for human leukotriene C4 synthase. Organization, nucleotide sequence, and chromosomal localization to 5q35". J. Biol. Chem. 271 (19): 11356–61. doi:10.1074/jbc.271.19.11356. PMID 8626689.
- Bigby TD, Hodulik CR, Arden KC, Fu L (1997). "Molecular cloning of the human leukotriene C4 synthase gene and assignment to chromosome 5q35". Mol. Med. 2 (5): 637–46. PMC 2230200. PMID 8898379.
- Scoggan KA, Jakobsson PJ, Ford-Hutchinson AW (1997). "Production of leukotriene C4 in different human tissues is attributable to distinct membrane bound biosynthetic enzymes". J. Biol. Chem. 272 (15): 10182–7. doi:10.1074/jbc.272.15.10182. PMID 9092565.
- Sala A, Folco G, Henson PM, Murphy RC (1997). "Pharmacological modulation of human platelet leukotriene C4-synthase". Biochem. Pharmacol. 53 (6): 905–8. doi:10.1016/S0006-2952(96)00819-2. PMID 9113110.
- Spanbroek R, Stark HJ, Janssen-Timmen U et al. (1998). "5-Lipoxygenase expression in Langerhans cells of normal human epidermis". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 95 (2): 663–8. doi:10.1073/pnas.95.2.663. PMC 18477. PMID 9435249.
External links
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| | 4.4.1 | |
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- Biochemistry overview
- Enzymes overview
- By EC number: 1.1
- 2
- 3
- 4
- 5
- 6
- 7
- 8
- 10
- 11
- 13
- 14
- 15-18
- 2.1
- 3.1
- 4.1
- 5.1
- 6.1-3
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| | Precursor | |
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| | Prostanoids | |
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| | Leukotrienes | |
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| | Ungrouped | |
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| | Description |
- Metabolism
- Enzymes and pathways: citric acid cycle
- pentose phosphate
- glycoproteins
- glycosaminoglycans
- phospholipid
- cholesterol and steroid
- sphingolipids
- eicosanoids
- amino acid
- urea cycle
- nucleotide
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| | Disorders |
- Citric acid cycle and electron transport chain
- Glycoprotein
- Proteoglycan
- Fatty-acid
- Phospholipid
- Cholesterol and steroid
- Eicosanoid
- Amino acid
- Purine-pyrimidine
- Heme metabolism
- Symptoms and signs
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| | Treatment | |
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