Lester Dragstedt
Lester Reynold Dragstedt (2 October 1893 – 16 July 1975)[1] was the first surgeon to successfully separate siamese twins.[2][3][4]
Career
During the 1920s, he was an assistant professor at the University of Chicago.[5] In 1936, he was one of three doctors from the University of Chicago Department of Bacteriology, Surgery and Medicine who discovered a new germ, the apparent cause of Ulcerative Colitis.[6]
He developed a new surgical procedure (surgical vagotomy) for duodenal ulcers (resulting from peptic ulcer disease).[7][8][9] He was a well-respected surgeon, renowned for his work on gastric and duodenal ulcers.[10]
Legacy
Since 1977, the UF College of Medicine Department of Surgery have held annual Lester R. Dragstedt Symposiums, named in his honour.[11]
Honors and Distinctions
Degrees[1]
- 1915 B.S., University of Chicago
- 1916 M.S., University of Chicago
- 1920 Ph.D., University of Chicago
- 1921 M.D., Rush Medical College, Chicago
Honorary Degrees[1]
- 1953 Doctor Honoris Causa, University of Guadalajara, Mexico
- 1959 Docteur Honoris Causa, University of Lyons, France
- 1969 Sc.D., University of Florida, Gainesville
- 1973 Doctor Honoris Causa, University of Uppsala, Uppsala, Sweden
Career
University Appointments[1]
- 1916 Assistant, Department of Physiology, University of Chicago
- 1916–1917 Instructor, Pharmacology, State University of Iowa
- 1917–1919 Assistant Professor of Physiology, State University of Iowa
- 1920–1923 Assistant Professor of Physiology, University of Chicago
- 1923–1925 Professor and Head, Departments of Physiology and Pharmacology, Northwestern University
- 1925–1930 Associate Professor of Surgery, University of Chicago
- 1930–1948 Professor of Surgery, University of Chicago
- 1948–1959 Thomas D. Jones Distinguished Service Professor of Surgery and Chairman of the Department of Surgery, University of Chicago
- 1959–1975 Research Professor of Surgery, University of Florida, Gainesville
Membership of Organizations and Societies
American Organizations and Societies[1]
- National Academy of Sciences
- Phi Beta Kappa
- Sigma Xi
- Alpha Omega Alpha
- American Association for the Advancement of Science
- American Physiological Society
- Society for Experimental Biology and Medicine
- American Surgical Association
- American Society for Clinical Surgery
- American Gastroenterological Association
- American College of Physicians
- American College of Surgeons
- American Medical Association
- Central Surgical Society
- Institute of Medicine of Chicago
- American Academy of Arts and Sciences
- Honorary Member of the Surgical Societies of Seattle, Los Angeles, Detroit, Minneapolis, Southern California, Graduate Surgeons of Los Angeles, and Boston
Honorary Memberships in Foreign Organizations and Societies[1]
- Surgical Society of Lyons
- Surgical Society of Paris
- Swedish Surgical Society
- Argentine Society of Gastroenterology
- Fellow of the Royal College of Physicians and Surgeons of Canada
- Fellow of the Royal College of Surgeons of England
- National Academy of Medicine of Mexico
- Royal Academy of Arts and Sciences of Uppsala, Sweden (Foreign Corresponding Member)
- Academy of Surgery of France
- Association of Mexican Gastroenterologists
Honors and awards
American Honors and Awards[1]
- 1945 Silver Medal of the American Medical Association for original investigation
- 1946 Gold Medal of the Illinois State Medical Society for original investigation
- 1950 Gold Medal of the American Medical Association for original investigation
- 1961 Samuel D. Gross Prize of the Philadelphia Academy of Surgery
- 1963 Distinguished Service Award of the American Medical Association for research, teaching, and surgical practice
- 1964 Julius Friedenwald Medal of the American Gastroenterological Association for "Outstanding Achievement in Gastroenterology"
- 1964 Golden Plate from the Academy of Achievement
- 1964 Henry Jacob Bigelow Medal of the Boston Surgical Society for "Contributions to the Advancement of Surgery"
- 1965 Annual Award of the Gastrointestinal Research Foundation
- 1969 Distinguished Service Award (the first) and Gold Medal of the American Surgical Association
Foreign Honors and Awards[1]
- 1953 Honorary Professor of Surgery at the University of Guadalajara, Mexico
- 1965 Gold Medal of the Surgical Society of Malmo, Sweden
- 1967 Royal Order of the North Star of Sweden, bestowed by the King of Sweden, for "Outstanding Contributions to the Science of Surgery"
- 1969 Silver Plaque of the Institute of Digestive Diseases and Nutrition of Mexico City
- 1969 Silver Plaque of the Association of Mexican Gastroenterologists
Selected Biography
These are from the National Academy of Sciences Biographical Memoir.[1]
1916
- With J. J. Moorhead and F. W. Burcky. The nature of the toxemia of intestinal obstruction. Preliminary report. Proc. Soc. Exp. Biol. Med., 14:17-19.
1917
- Contributions to the physiology of the stomach. XXXVIII. Gastric juice in duodenal and gastric ulcers. J. Am. Med. Assoc, 68:330-33.
- With J. J. Moorhead and F. W. Burcky. An experimental study of the intoxication in closed intestinal loops. J. Exp. Med., 25:421-39.
1922
- The pathogenesis of parathyroid tetany. J. Am. Med. Assoc, 79: 1593-94.
1923
- The pathogenesis of parathyroid tetany. Am. J. Physiol., 63:408—9.
- With S. C. Peacock. Studies on the pathogenesis of tetany. I. The control and cure of parathyroid tetany by diet. Am. J. Physiol., 64:424-34.
- With S. C. Peacock. The influence of parathyroidectomy on gastric secretion. Am. J. Physiol., 64:499-502.
- With K. Phillips and A. C. Sudan. Studies on the pathogenesis of tetany. II. The mechanism involved in recovery from parathyroid tetany. Am. J. Physiol., 65:368-78.
1924
- The resistance of various tissues to gastric digestion. Am. J. Physiol., 68:134.
1926
- With A. C. Sudan. Studies on the pathogenesis of tetany. V. The prevention and control of parathyroid tetany by calcium lactate. Am. J. Physiol., 77:296-306.
- With A. C. Sudan. Studies on the pathogenesis of tetany. VII. The prevention and control of parathyroid tetany by the oral administration of kaolin. Am. J. Physiol., 77:314—20.
1927
- The physiology of the parathyroid glands. Physiol. Rev., 7:499-530.
1929
- With J. C. Ellis. Effect of liver autolysis in vivo. Proc. Soc. Exp. Biol. Med., 26:304-5.
- With J. C. Ellis. Fatal effect of total loss of gastric juice. Proc. Soc. Exp. Biol. Med., 26:305-7.
1930
- With J. C. Ellis. Liver autolysis in vivo. Arch. Surg., 20:8—16.
- With M. L. Montgomery, W. B. Matthews, and J. C. Ellis. Fatal effect of the total loss of pancreatic juice. Proc. Soc. Exp. Biol. Med., 28:110-11.
1931
- With M. L. Montgomery, J. C. Ellis, and W. B. Matthews. The pathogenesis of acute dilatation of the stomach. Surg. Gynecol. Obstet., 52:1075-86.
1932
- With W. L. Palmer. Direct observations on the mechanism of pain in duodenal ulcer. Proc. Soc. Exp. Biol. Med., 29:753-55.
- With W. B. Matthews. The etiology of gastric and duodenal ulcer. Experimental Studies. Surg. Gynecol. Obstet., 55:265—86.
1933
- Ulcus acidum of Meckel's diverticulum. J. Am. Med. Assoc, 101:20-22.
1934
- With H. E. Haymond and J. C. Ellis. Pathogenesis of acute pancreatitis (acute pancreatic necrosis). Arch. Surg., 28:232-91.
1936
- Acid ulcer. Surg. Gynecol. Obstet., 62:118-20.
- With J. Van Prohaska and H. P. Harms. Observations on a substance in pancreas (a fat metabolizing hormone) which permits survival and prevents liver changes in depancreatized dogs. Am. J. Physiol., 117:175-81.
1938
- Lipocaic. A new pancreas hormone. Northwest Med., 37:33-36.
- With W. C. Goodpasture, C. Vermeulen, and P. B. Donovan. The Bromsulphalein liver function test as a method of assay of lipocaic. Am. J. Physiol., 124:642-46.
1939
- With C. D. Stewart, D. E. Clark, and S. W. Becker. The experimental use of lipocaic in the treatment of psoriasis. A preliminary report. J. Invest. Dermatol., 2:219-30.
- With P. B. Donovan, D. E. Clark, W. C. Goodpasture, and C. Vermeulen. The relation of lipocaic to the blood and liver lipids of depancreatized dogs. Am. J. Physiol., 127:755-60.
- With C. Vermeulen, W. C. Goodpasture, P. B. Donovan, and W. A. Geer. Lipocaic and fatty infiltration of the liver in pancreatic diabetes. Arch. Intern. Med., 64:1017-38.
1940
- With D. E. Clark, O. C. Julian, C. Vermeulen, and W. C. Goodpasture. Arteriosclerosis in pancreatic diabetes. Surgery, 8:353-61.
1942
- With C. Vermeulen, D. E. Clark, O. C. Julian, and J. G. Allen. Effect of the administration of lipocaic and cholesterol in rabbits. Arch. Surg., 44:260-67.
1943
- With F. M. Owens, Jr. Supra-diaphragmatic section of the vagus nerves in treatment of duodenal ulcer. Proc. Soc. Exp. Biol. Med., 53:152-54.
1945
- With T. F. Thornton, Jr. and E. H. Storer. Supra-diaphragmatic section of vagus nerves and gastric secretion in patients with peptic ulcer. Proc. Soc. Exp. Biol. Med., 59:140-41.
- With D. E. Clark and M. L. Eilert. Lipotropic action of lipocaic. A study of the effects of lipocaic, methionine and cystine on dietary fatty livers in the white rat. Am. J. Physiol., 144:620-25.
1946
- With M. L. Eilert. Lipotropic action of lipocaic: A study of the effect of oral and parenteral lipocaic and oral inositol on the dietary fatty liver of the white rat. Am. J. Physiol., 147:346-51.
1948
- With E. R. Woodward, E. B. Tovee, H. A. Oberhelman, Jr., and W. B. Neal, Jr. A quantitative study of the effect of vagotomy on gastric secretion in the dog. Proc. Soc. Exp. Biol. Med.,
67:350-51.
- With E. R. Woodward and R. R. Bigelow. Quantitative study of effect of antrum resection on gastric secretion in Pavlov pouch dogs. Proc. Soc. Exp. Biol. Med., 68:473-74.
1950
- With E. R. Woodward, W. B. Neal, Jr., P. V. Harper, Jr., and E. H. Storer. Secretory studies on the isolated stomach. Arch. Surg. 60:1-20.
- With E. R. Woodward and R. R. Bigelow. Effect of resection of antrum of stomach on gastric secretion in Pavlov pouch dogs. Am. J. Physiol., 162:99-109.
1951
- With H. A. Oberhelman, Jr. and C. A. Smith. Experimental gastrojejunal ulcers due to antrum hyperfunction. Arch. Surg., 63:298-302.
1952
- With J. M. Zubiran, A. E. Kark, J. A. Montalbetti, and C. J. L. Morel. Peptic ulcer and the adrenal stress syndrome. Arch. Surg., 65:809-15.
1953
- With S. O. Evans, Jr., J. M. Zubiran, J. D. McCarthy, H. Ragins, and E. R. Woodward. Stimulating effect of vagotomy on gastric secretion in Heidenhain pouch dogs. Am. J. Physiol., 174:219-25.
1957
- With C. M. Baugh, J. Barcena, and J. Bravo. Studies on the site and mechanism of gastrin release. Surg. Forum, 7:356—60.
- With C. F. Mountain, J. H. Landor, J. D. McCarthy, and P. V. Harper, Jr. The secretory effect of gastric transection. Surg. Forum, 7:375-79.
- With J. Barcena, C. M. Baugh, J. L. Bravo, and C. F. Mountain. Effects of total pancreatectomy on gastric secretion. Surg. Forum, 7:380-82.
1962
- Section of the vagus nerves to the stomach in the treatment of duodenal ulcer. In: Surgery of the Stomach and Duodenum, ed. H. N. Harkins and L. M. Nyhus, pp. 461–72. Boston: Little, Brown.
1963
- With E. R. Woodward, C. L. Park, Jr., and H. Schapiro. Significance of Meissner's plexus in the gastrin mechanism. Arch. Surg., 87:512-15.
1965
- With C. de la Rosa and E. R. Woodward. Localization of the gastrinproducing cell. Surg. Forum, 16:327-29.
1968
- With D. R. Kemp, F. Herrera-Fernandez, and E. R. Woodward. Meissner's plexus and the mechanism of vagal stimulation of gastric secretion. Gastroenterology, 55:76-80.
1971
- With J. R. N. Curt, J. Isaza, and E. R. Woodward. Potentiation between intestinal and gastric phases of acid secretion in Heidenhain pouches. Arch. Surg., 105:709-12.
1973
- With G. Wickbom, M. A. Kamal, and E. R. Woodward. Corrosive effects of digestive juices on legs of living frogs. Am. Surgeon, 39:571-81.
1974
- With G. Wickbom, F. L. Bushkin, and C. Linares. On the corrosive properties of bile and pancreatic juice on living tissue in dogs. Arch. Surg., 108:680-84.
1976
- With J. B. Weeks, G. C. Petridis, and E. R. Woodward. A simplified method for chemical induction of gastric hypersecretion. J. Surg. Res., 21:357-58.
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.6 1.7 1.8 Wangensteen, Owen H.; Wangensteen (Sarah D.). "National Academy of Sciences: Biographical Memoirs: Lester Reynold Dragstedt" (PDF). National Academy of Sciences, Washington. Retrieved 2009-08-14. Check date values in:
|date=(help) - ↑ "Lester Dragstedt, First Surgeon To Part Siamese Twins, Is Dead". The New York Times. 17 July 1975. Retrieved 2009-08-14.
- ↑ "Medicine: Double Thais". Time Magazine. 11 April 1955. Retrieved 2009-08-14.
- ↑ Gibbons, Roy (30 March 1955). "SIAMESE TWINS SEPARATED IN 3½ HR.SURGERY". Chicago Tribune (subscription required). pp. 1–2. Retrieved 2009-08-14.
- ↑ "ADRENALIN AIDS ONLY FEW CASES, PROFESSOR SAYS". Chicago Tribune (subscription required). 22 April 1923. p. 18. Retrieved 2009-08-14.
- ↑ "NEW GERM REPORTED BY CHICAGO DOCTORS; It Is the Apparent Cause of Ulcerative Colitis, Three University Men Declare.". New York Times (subscription required). 2 January 1936. p. 18. Retrieved 2009-08-14.
- ↑ "Obituary 2 -- No Title". Chicago Tribune (subscription required). 17 July 1975. Retrieved 2009-08-14.
- ↑ Rackl, Lorilyn (2 August 1999). "Trailblazing U of C's impressive achievements". Daily Herald. Retrieved 2009-08-14.
- ↑ Basson, Marc D (2002). "Gut Mucosal Healing: Is the Science Relevant?". American Journal of Pathology (American Society for Investigative Pathology) 161 (4): 1101–1105. doi:10.1016/S0002-9440(10)64385-4. PMC 1867298. PMID 12368182. Retrieved 14 August 2009.
- ↑ Dragstedt, Lester R. (February 1976). "Some comments on the cause of gastric and duodenal ulcers". Digestive Diseases and Sciences (Netherlands: Springer) 21 (2): 197–200. doi:10.1007/bf01072069. ISSN 0163-2116. Retrieved 14 August 2009.
- ↑ "In The Community: Medical Symposiums". Gainesville Sun, Florida, USA. 1 March 1987. Retrieved 2009-08-14.
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