Legal status of Salvia divinorum

Salvia divinorum, a psychoactive plant, is legal in most countries. Exceptions, countries where there is some form of control, include Australia, Belgium, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Germany, Italy, Poland, Spain, Sweden and The United States.[1][2]

In the United Kingdom, following a local newspaper story in October 2005,[3] a parliamentary Early Day Motion was raised calling for Salvia divinorum to be banned there. However, it only received 11 signatures.[4] A second Early Day Motion was raised in October 2008 attracting 18 signatures.[5] The Advisory Council on the Misuse of Drugs, the independent body that advises UK government on drugs, has been asked to investigate further.[6]

In such places where Salvia divinorum legislation exists, it varies in its prohibitive degree from country to country. Australia has imposed its strictest 'Schedule 9' (US Schedule I equivalent or equivalent to class A in the UK) classification for example, and Italy has also placed Salvia in its 'Table I' of controlled substances (also US Schedule I and class A equivalent). - Whereas in Spain there are just controls focusing on the commercial trade of Salvia divinorum, and private cultivation (growing your own plants for non-commercial use) is not targeted.

In the United States, Salvia is not regulated under the Controlled Substances Act but some states, including Delaware, Illinois, Louisiana, Missouri, Virginia, Texas, and others, have passed their own laws.[7] Several other states have proposed legislation against Salvia, including Alabama, Alaska, California, Florida, Georgia, Iowa, New Jersey, New York, Ohio, Oregon, and Pennsylvania. Many of these proposals have not made it into law, with motions having failed, stalled or otherwise died, for example at committee review stages.[1][2]

National legislation for amendment of the Controlled Substances Act to place salvinorin A and Salvia divinorum in Schedule I at the federal level was proposed in 2002 by Representative Joe Baca (D- California). Those opposed to bill HR 5607 include Daniel Siebert, who sent a letter to Congress arguing against the proposed legislation,[8] and the Center for Cognitive Liberty & Ethics (CCLE), who sent key members of the US Congress a report on Salvia divinorum and its active principle,[9] along with letters from an array of scientists who expressed concern that scheduling Salvia divinorum would negatively impact important research on the plant. The bill did not pass.[10][11][12]

Salvia legislation may prove difficult to police. The plant has a nondescript appearance; unlike cannabis the leaves are not distinctive and it does not have a distinctive odour. Salvia divinorum looks like and can be grown as an ordinary houseplant without the need of special equipment such as hydroponics or high-power lights.[13][14]

Opinions and arguments

Concerns expressed by some politicians on the subject of Salvia echo those of the media. In November 2006, the morning after a story by news channel KSL was aired in Utah, warning its viewers about what it called "this dangerous herb",[15] Utah State Representative Paul Ray (R) submitted a bill calling for its Schedule I classification in that state. KSL TV cameras were on Capitol Hill to see the paperwork filed, with KSL reporting - "Moments after our story ended, Utah Representative Paul Ray began writing a bill to ban Salvia." As he presented the bill Ray said - "It was upsetting to see we have a drug of that strength that's legal." and "We're basically going to make it illegal to possess or sell. Period."[16] Ray's action was further supported by the news channel in a subsequent KSL editorial. Viewer feedback was unanimously more critical.[17]

Georgia State Senator John Bulloch (R) reportedly saw a report on an Atlanta television news station about the increased use of Salvia divinorum. He was quoted as saying - "I thought, 'Why hasn't somebody already jumped on this?" before filing Senate Bill 295. "I hurriedly got legislative counsel to draft the bill.... Everything that I read about it is it's considered to be a hallucinogenic drug.... A lot of the reading that I've found on it says that it gives a quicker and more intense high than LSD." Senator Don Thomas (R) was reported as saying -"I just know about the publicity of the dangers of it, and the use of it, so my first impression is to ban anything of that nature."[18]

In February 2007, the day after a Fox TV local news story on Salvia had aired in Milwaukee,[19] Wisconsin state lawmaker Sheldon Wasserman (D), also a licensed physician, who had never heard of it before, spoke to Fox news in a follow-up report about then wanting to make it a Schedule I controlled substance.[20]

Comparisons to LSD and particular focus on "protecting our children" are also echoed by politicians. In June 2007 the Wisconsin State Journal newspaper ran a front page headline cover story about Salvia, reporting that Representative Wasserman had recently begun seeking sponsors for a bill that would ban the manufacture and sale of Salvia divinorum for consumption in Wisconsin. Dr. Wasserman was reported as saying - "This bill is all about protecting our children" and "I want to stop the Salvia divinorum dealers who are pushing young people to experiment with a potentially dangerous substance."[21]

In connection with his proposals to make Salvia divinorum and salvinorin A Schedule I controlled substances in Oregon, Representative John Lim (R) was quoted as saying - "From what I understand this drug is at least as dangerous as marijuana or LSD", and Seth Hatmaker, a spokesman for Lim - "I think it's only a matter of time before we find people addicted to this stuff".[22]

In the state of Illinois, in support of his bill for Schedule I classification of Salvia divinorum, Representative Dennis Reboletti (R) wrote in his own website that Salvia is a "powerful psychoactive plant which in appearance looks like marijuana but has the psychoactive properties of LSD." and "It's important that we in the legislature are proactive in protecting our children from highly addictive substances" [...] "For a drug to be classified as a Schedule 1 substance signifies that it's a highly dangerous and potentially lethal drug for its user. Hopefully, the passage of my bill will bring attention to "Magic Mint" and help law enforcement combat the future rise of this drug."[23]

Other references and sources indicate however that Salvia divinorum does not look like marijuana. Its psychoactive properties are not like those of LSD, and that Salvia divinorum is not generally understood to be either addictive or toxic.

Concerns about driving while under the influence of Salvia have also been expressed. Delaware State Senator Karen Peterson (D), who introduced Schedule I classification of Salvia divinorum in Delaware, said - "I, for one, don't want to be driving down Route 1 next to someone who is having an out-of-body experience"[24] and "I thought this is not something that I would want people using driving around the streets of Delaware."[25]

There has not been any evidence to suggest that Salvia use is problematic. Some "arguments" against Salvia have been of a preventative or imitative nature. North Dakota State Senator Randy Christmann (R) stated - "we need to stop this before it gets to be a huge problem not after it gets to be a huge problem"[26] and New Jersey Assemblyman Jack Conners (D) argued -"Salvia divinorum use may not be a runway epidemic, but it's certainly is a phenomenon that warrants attention. We should take preventive steps now to prevent wholesale problems later on"[27] In October 2005 MP John Mann raised an ultimately unsuccessful Early Day Motion calling for Salvia divinorum to be banned in the UK, saying - "The Australians have clearly found a problem with it. There's obviously a risk in people taking it."[3]

The National Institute on Money in State Politics indicates the major sources of campaign contributions for US politicians. For example, Oregon State Representative John Lim's largest individual campaign sponsor in 2006 was the Oregon Beer & Wine Distributors Association. Lim argued for Schedule I classification of Salvia in Oregon. Senator Karen Peterson's second largest group campaign donations in 2006 came from 'Beer, Wine & Liquor' industries. Peterson introduced Schedule I classification of Salvia divinorum in Delaware. Tennessee State Senator Tim Burchett (R) sponsored Salvia legislation in Tennessee. In 2006 his second largest individual campaign donation came from the Tennessee Malt Beverage Association. In the same period alcohol and tobacco related contributions amounted to the fourth largest industry contributions for Representative Paul Ray in Utah. Alcohol related contributions also featured highly for Representative Dennis Reboletti in Illinois - 'Beer, Wine & Liquor' was his seventh highest industry contributor.[28]

Opponents of more prohibitive measures against Salvia argue that such reactions are largely due to an inherent prejudice and a particular cultural bias rather than any actual balance of evidence, pointing out inconsistencies in attitudes toward other more toxic and addictive drugs such as alcohol and nicotine.[29] The worldwide number of alcohol-related deaths is calculated at over 2,000 people per day,[30] in the US the number is over 300 deaths per day.[31] While not objecting to some form of legal control, in particular with regard to the sale to minors or sale of enhanced high-strength extracts, most Salvia proponents otherwise argue against stricter legislation.[1]

Those advocating consideration of Salvia divinorum's potential for beneficial use in a modern context have two major arguments: First that Salvia Divinorum is a potent kappa opioid agonist and given its activity and modulatory effect on the kappa opioid receptor, and therefore similarity of its profile of effect to ibogaine, (used successfully to treat addiction around the world) that further research into its potential as a potent anti-addiction medication[32] will be hindered by careless lawmaking. Secondly, advocates argue that more could be learned from Mazatec culture, where Salvia is not really associated with notions of drug taking at all and it is rather considered as a spiritual sacrament. In light of this it is argued that Salvia divinorum could be better understood more positively as an entheogen rather than pejoratively as a hallucinogen.[33] Other entheogenic plants with continuing traditions principally of spiritual use include peyote (and other psychoactive cacti), iboga, virola, ayahuasca (an admixture of plants containing DMT + MAOI), and various types of psychoactive fungi.[34] In fact, US legislation as it stands specifically allows two of these to be used in a spiritual context. The Native American Church is allowed to use peyote and Uniao do Vegetal (or UDV) is permitted ayahuasca.[35] Although not consistently granted (varying from state to state), the principal grounds for such concessions are constitutional,[36] with further grounds following from the Religious Freedom Restoration Act.

Australia

As of 1 June 2002, Australia became the first country to ban Salvia and salvinorin. According to the Australian Drugs and Poisons Committee, salvia had not yet shown evidence of damage or threat to public health/safety but had potential to be abused. In a statement which has been criticized as self-negating the committee said, "there was no evidence of traditional therapeutic use other than in shamanistic healing rituals".[37][38]

On 1 June 2008 the State of Queensland made Salvia divinorum a Schedule 2 Dangerous Drug in the same category as Cannabis Sativa and GHB.

Belgium

In October 2004, "salvorin A", a misspelling of salvinorin A, was added to the Belgian list of illegal products, so the law was actually banning a non-existent substance.[39] Two years later, in October 2006, the mistake was corrected, and the whole Salvia divinorum plant was made explicitly illegal.[40]

Canada

A package of 20x extract leaves found at a convenience store in Canada where Salvia is an unapproved herbal supplement that is prohibited by law for sale in Canada. The federal government says products containing salvia divinorum and its active ingredient, salvinorin A, are considered natural health products and, as such, but is authorized by Health Canada therefore can be sold.[41]

Salvia is unapproved for sale in Canada. The federal government says products containing salvia divinorum and its active ingredient, salvinorin A, are considered natural health products and, as such, must be authorized by Health Canada before they can be sold.[1]

Chile

"On August 8, 2007, the Chilean government issued a decree making the trafficking of Salvia divinorum and salvinorin A illegal."[1]

Croatia

Salvia divinorum was banned in Croatia in April 2008 by addition to the official list of illegal substances and plants.

Czech Republic

Salvia divinorum was banned by law nr. 106/2011 Coll., effective 22nd April 2011, which added it to the list of illegal substances. Holding leaves, plants and extracts containing salvinorin A and growing them is considered illegal.[42]

Denmark

With effect from 23 August 2003, Salvia divinorum and salvinorin A were classed as 'category B' drugs in Danish law. Category B includes psilocybin mushrooms, cocaine, amphetamine, and several others substances that are only legal for medicinal and scientific purposes. Possession carries a penalty of up to 2 years in prison.[1]

Finland

Finland passed legislation in August 2002 making it illegal to import Salvia divinorum without a prescription from a doctor.[1]

Germany

Salvia divinorum was effectively banned in Germany in February 2008 by addition to the official list of illegal substances.[1] Previously the government tried various ways to make Salvia divinorum illegal in Germany.[43]

Ireland

Salvia divinorum is no longer legal in the Republic of Ireland. Salvinorin A, which is Salvia divinorum's main psychotropic molecule, is listed as a controlled substance in S.I. 552/2011 Misuse of Drugs (Amendment) Regulations, as is "any product whether natural or otherwise including any plant or plant material of any kind or description, which contains any proportion of the said substance".[44]

Italy

In August 2004, the Italian government decreed salvinorin A "a substance with hallucinogenic properties that may cause conditions of abuse and can manifest latent psychiatric pathologies like acute psychosis and depressive psychosis even in an irreversible way" and put it and the plant Salvia divinorum on their ‘table I’ of outlawed psychotropic substances in March 2005. The Italian government referred to an evaluation of Salvia made by the Italian National Health Institute, assessing it as "a powerful natural hallucinogen" to justify their decision. The Italian Ministry of Heath Decree (in Italian) (Google translated into English). Cultivation of the plant or the possession of more than 0,5 mg of Salvinorin A carries a penalty from 6 to 20 years in prison.

Latvia

Salvia divinorum was banned in May 2009.[45]

Lithuania

Salvia divinorum was banned in May 2008.[46]

New Zealand

In November 2007 New Zealand National party MP Jacqui Dean called for the government to take action, saying - "Salvia Divinorum is a hallucinogenic drug, which has been banned in Australia, and yet here in New Zealand it continues to be sold freely." and "We’re dealing with a dangerous drug here, with the minister's wait and see approach like playing Russian Roulette with young people's lives."[47]

Jacqui Dean has similar concerns about the 'party pill' benzylpiperazine (BZP), over which Associate Health Minister Jim Anderton (Progressive party) has accused her of indulging in political grandstanding, saying - "Perhaps Mrs Dean doesn't subscribe to the idea that any Government must balance the need to act promptly with its responsibilities to act fairly and follow due process, particularly where its actions affect those who are currently acting within existing legal constraints."[48]

When questioned by Maori Party MP Tariana Turia, on why she was unwilling to take the same prohibitory line on smoking cigarettes and drinking alcohol as she took on BZP Ms Dean said "Alcohol and tobacco have been with our society for many, many years."[49]

In September 2007, the Social Tonics Association of New Zealand (STANZ) called for Jacqui Dean to step down from speaking on drug issues after she demonstrated "a lack of credibility in calling for the ban of dihydrogen monoxide (H2O - i.e. water.)" STANZ Chairman Matt Bowden said - "The DHMO hoax played on the member this week is not a joke, it highlights a serious issue at the heart of drug policy making. Ms Dean demonstrated a ‘ban anything moderately harmful’ reflex. This approach is just downright dangerous." - "Jacqui Dean has clearly demonstrated a lack of credibility in her requests to the Minister to consider banning water; She has also seriously embarrassed her National Party colleagues who can no longer have confidence in her petitions to ban BZP or anything else."[50]

As of 18 July 2013 Salvia is illegal to sell in New Zealand without a license under the Psychoactive Substances Act 2013.[51] This act is designed to prohibit any psychoactive substances which have not been approved by the Psychoactive Substances Regulatory Authority.[52]

Poland

The sale, possession and consumption of salvia divinorum (and many other plants and chemicals) have been made illegal in May 2009. ,

Romania

Salvia divinorum and Salvinorin A-F has been added as an illegal substance under the Law 143/2000 on February 10, 2010.[53]

Russia

Imports and sales of Salvia divinorum, Argyreia nervosa and Nymphaea caerulea are banned in Russian Federation effective from April 17, 2009. The ban has been effected by chief sanitary inspector and the plants have not yet been included on the official list of banned substances maintained by Federal Service for Narcotic Control.[54]

Singapore

Salvia divinorum has been made illegal to possess, consume, and sell when the umbrella category New Psychoactive Substances (NPS) were listed as Class A controlled drugs on May 1st, 2014. Possession or consumption of NPS carries a punishment of up to 10 years of imprisonment, or S$20,000 fine, or both.[55]

Spain

The sale of Salvia divinorum has been illegal since February 6, 2004. The law only prohibits commerce. It does not make possession or use a crime.[56]

Sweden

Sveriges riksdags health ministry Statens folkhälsoinstitut classified Salvia divinorum and Salvinorin A as "health hazard" under the act Lagen om förbud mot vissa hälsofarliga varor (translated Act on the Prohibition of Certain Goods Dangerous to Health) as of Apr 1, 2006, in their regulation SFS 2006:167 listed as alla delar av växten Salvia divinorum från vilka salvinorin A inte blivit extraherat och oavsett under vilka benämningar de förekommer, making it illegal to sell or possess.[57]

Serbia

Salvia Divinorum and Salvinorin A was banned in 2015.[58]

United Kingdom

In September 2001, in answer to a parliamentary question from Ann Widdecombe MP, asking the Secretary of State for the Home Office "what plans he has to review the legal status of the hallucinogen Salvia divinorum", Bob Ainsworth, a parliamentary Under-Secretary for the UK Home Office, stated that "The Government are not aware of any evidence of significant misuse of this plant and have no current plans to review its legal status".[59]

Following a local newspaper story in October 2005,[3] Bassetlaw MP John Mann raised an Early Day Motion calling for Salvia divinorum to be banned in the UK[60] (EDM796).[4] The motion only received 11 signatures. It was later reported that John Mann had written to the Home Secretary in October 2008, urging her to take action with regard to salvia's legal status. The same report said that the Advisory Council on the Misuse of Drugs had met to discuss salvia, among other substances, in April 2009, and that there would be a follow-up meeting in May.[61]

The Observer newspaper gave the content of Mann's letter to Jacqui Smith "Sadly the issue has come to light again as our young people are using the internet and sites like YouTube to broadcast their friends taking the drug and witnessing the hallucinogenic effects. Our young people are at risk and a wider cultural attachment to this drug seems to be developing that I am sure you agree - regardless of its legal status - needs nipping in the bud." Home Office minister, Phil Woolas, confirmed to parliament that the market in "legal highs" was now an issue for the government. When asked by an Ulster Unionist MP, Lady Hermon, whether the government intended to classify salvia as an illegal drug, Woolas said the home secretary had written to the Advisory Council on the Misuse of Drugs, the independent body that advises government on drugs, asking it to investigate. Woolas said the council had been asked to "provide advice to government on the availability and harms of psychoactive legal alternatives to illegal drugs, so-called 'legal highs', with a particular focus on protecting young people. I fully anticipate that this work will include salvia divinorum. The government's position on its control will be informed by advisory council's advice."[6]

As of August 2013, Salvia divinorum and Salvinorum A remain legal to purchase, possess, sell, and use in the United Kingdom.

United States

State Bill ref. Proposed date Classification Status Proposer Salvinorin A included? Notes
Alabama HB697 22-Apr-2010 Schedule I Enacted July 17, 2010 Rep. James O. Gordon Yes Salvinorin A is misspelled as Salvinorum A.[62]
SB330 27-Mar-2007 not passed / died Sen. Hank Erwin Yes
n/a 18-Oct-2007 not passed / died Sen. Roger Bedford & Rep. Johnny Mack Morrow unknown
Alaska SB313 05-Apr-2006 Schedule IIA not passed / died Sen. Gene Therriault No
SB38 16-Jan-2007 not passed / died Yes
SB52 21-Jan-2009 not passed / died Yes
Arkansas SB423 March-2011 Schedule I Passed Yes
California AB259 05-Feb-2007 prohibit sale to minors Passed - 22-Jul-2008 Assembly Member Anthony Adams No, then Yes Proposed bill wording amended from original Schedule I prohibition to only prohibit sale to minors instead. - Passed. Came into effect on 01-Jan-2009.
Colorado 11-134 02-Jun-2011 Class 2 Misdemeanor Passed Colorado State Senate Yes See [63]
Connecticut SB1098 Jan-2011 TO BE SCHEDULED Passed - 6-Jul-2011 "Many legislators, including Senator Boucher" [64] HB6174

[65]

 Yes ("Salvinorum") See.[66] Also see [67]
Delaware SB259 16-Mar-2006 Schedule I Passed - 02-May-2006 Sen. Karen Peterson No aka Brett’s law
Florida SB340, SB1612 & HB1363 7-Feb-2008 Schedule I Passed - 29-May-2008 Sen. Evelyn J. Lynn & Rep. Mary Brandenburg Yes Possession felony for up to 5 years in prison. Effective July 1, 2008
Georgia HB1021 1-Jan-2010 "dangerous drug" Passed - 01-July-2010 Rep. John Lunsford Yes Adds "Salvia divinorum A" to list of dangerous drugs. Allows for "possession, planting, cultivation, growing, or harvesting of Salvia divinorum A strictly for aesthetic, landscaping, or decorative purposes."
Illinois SB2589 19-Jan-2006 Schedule I not passed / sine die Sen. John J. Millner No
HB457 26-Jan-2007 Passed - 18-Aug-2007 Rep. Dennis M. Reboletti No Salvinorin A not mentioned, but bill wording incl. "any extract" from plant. Took effect 01-Jan-2008.
Indiana TBA 13-Jan-2008 Schedule I Passed Jul-2011 Rep. Suzanne Crouch Yes
Iowa HSB133 SSB1051 18-Jan-2007 Schedule I proposed Governor's Office of Drug Control Policy Yes
SF510[68] 29-Aug-2011 Schedule I Passed - 29-Jul-2011 Gov. Terry Branstad Yes enacted after 30 days of passing
Kansas SB481 28-Jan-2008 Schedule I Passed - 24-April-2008 Sen. Peggy Mast Yes incl. any extract from any part, and every compound, manufacture, derivative, mixture or preparation of such plant, its seeds or extracts
Kentucky SB107 26-Jan-2010 Schedule I Passed - 26-Apr-2010 Sen. Brandon Smith Yes
Louisiana HB20 25-Feb-2005 Schedule I Passed - 15-Aug-2005 Rep. Michael G. Strain No First State to ban Sd.
Maine LD66 Dec-2006 prohibit sale to minors Passed - 15-May-2007 Rep. Chris Barstow No, then Yes Amended - originally proposed 'Schedule Z' classification
Maryland SB 317 and HB 8 28-Jan-2009 Schedule I in committee Senator Gladden and Delegates Haddaway and Eckardt Yes Johns Hopkins University has found a loophole that could stop the research they are doing.
Massachusetts HB4434 16-May-2007 Class C not passed / died Rep. Viriato Manuel deMacedo and Rep. Daniel K. Webster Yes
HB2037 HB1336 HB1789 12-January-2009 not passed / died Rep. Viriato Manuel deMacedo and Rep. Daniel K. Webster Yes
Michigan SB1373 1-Oct-2010 Schedule I Passed Yes
Minnesota HF2949 14-Feb-2008 Schedule IV not passed / died Rep. Joe Atkins No
SB2668 not passed / died Sen. Steve Murphy
HF 484 Feb-2009 Schedule I not passed / died Rep. Morrie Lanning
SF0569 not passed / died Sen. Bill Ingebrigtsen
HF2975 Feb-2010 Gross misdemeanor not passed / died Rep. Morrie Lanning
SF2773 Passed - 18-May-2010 Sen. Bill Ingebrigtsen Yes
Mississippi SB2456 29-Jan-2008 Schedule I Passed - 01-Jul-2008 Sen.Hob Bryan No
Missouri HB165 05-Jan-2005 Schedule I not passed / died Rep. Rachel L. Bringer No
HB633 23-Feb-2005 Passed - 28-Aug-2005 Rep Scott A. Lipke
and Rep. Rachel L. Bringer		 Yes
Nebraska LB840 10-Jan-2008 Schedule I not passed / sine die Attorney General Jon Bruning & Senator Vickie McDonald Yes
LB 123 09-Jan-2009 Passed - Feb 27, 2009 Sen. Russ Karpisek Yes
New Jersey A1323 08-Jan-2008 Schedule I proposed Assemblywoman Linda Stender Yes
S3426 11-Dec-2008 Schedule I proposed Sen. Stephen Sweeney Yes
New York S1454-2013 18-Apr-2005 prohibit sale Passed - January 2012 Sen. John J. Flanagan No fine of no more than $500 per violation
A8920 5-Jun-2007 prohibit possession proposed Assemblyman Carl Heastie No fine of no more than $50 per violation
S07736 18-Mar-2008 Schedule I proposed no sponsor listed No Possession- Class B Misdemeanor. Sale- Class A Misdemeanor
North Carolina SB138 11-Feb-2009 Schedule I Passed Aug 6, 2009 Sen. William R. Purcell, Sen. Stan Bingham et al. Yes applies to all forms of Salvia divinorum
North Dakota SB2317 15-Jan-2007 Schedule I Passed - 01-Aug-2007 Sen. Dave Oehlke, Sen. Randell Christmann et al. No, then Yes bill refers to salvinorin A and "any of the active ingredients" of Salvia divinorum
Ohio HB215 May-2007 Schedule I Passed - 06-Jan-2009 Rep. Thom Collier Yes
Oklahoma HB2485 06-Mar-2006 prohibit extracts Passed - 26-May-2006 Rep. John Nance Yes enhanced, concentrated, and chemically or physically altered
HB3148 23-May-2008 Schedule I Passed - 23-May-2008 Rep. David Derby and Sen. Jonathan Nichols applies to all forms of Salvia divinorum - law comes into effect 01-Nov-2008
Oregon SB592 22-Feb-2003 Schedule I not passed / died Sen. Richard Devlin and Sen. Ryan Deckert
HB3485 15-Mar-2003 not passed / died Rep. Billy Dalto
HB2494 25-Jan-2007 not passed / died Rep. John Lim Yes
Pennsylvania HB2657 02-May-2006 Schedule I not passed / died Rep. James Casorio et al. Yes
SB1217 16-Jun-2006 not passed / died Sen. Lisa Boscola et al. No
SB710 29-Mar-2007 proposed Sen. Lisa Boscola et al. No
HB1379 29-May-2007 proposed Rep. Beyer et al. No
HB1547 18-Jun-2007 proposed Rep. James Casorio et al. Yes
SB1006 presented to governor 16-Jun-2011 Yes
South Carolina H4687 13-Feb-2008 Schedule I Passed House / later died Rep. Huggins Yes
South Dakota HB1090 20-Jan-2009 Class 1 misdemeanor / Class 6 felony Passed - 11-Mar-2009 Rep. Chuck Turbiville No possession of less than 2 ounces a misdemeanor, 2 ounces or more a felony
Tennessee SB3247 /HB2909
/TCA 39-17-452		 15-Feb-2006 Class A misdemeanor Passed - 01-Jul-2006 Rep. Park M. Strader, Sen. Tim Burchett Yes not an offense to possess, plant, cultivate, grow, or

harvest Sd for aesthetic, landscaping, or decorative purposes

Texas HB2347 02-Mar-2007 Penalty Group 2 not passed / died Rep. Charles "Doc" Anderson Yes Penalty Group 2 of the Texas Controlled Substances Act
HB3784 09-Mar-2007 Penalty Group 3 Rep. Tan Parker Yes Penalty Group 3 of the Texas Controlled Substances Act
SB1796 prohibit sale to minors Sen. Craig Estes No proposed concurrently to HB2347 and HB3784 above
HB126 11-Nov-2008 Penalty Group 3 proposed Rep. Charles "Doc" Anderson Yes Penalty Group 3 of the Texas Controlled Substances Act
SB257 prohibit sale to minors Sen. Craig Estes No proposed concurrently to HB126 above
HB124 14-Jun-2013 Penalty Group 3 Passed Representatives Anderson, Stephenson, Price, and Flynn Yes Added Salvia divinorum, unless unharvested and growing in its natural state, meaning all parts of that plant, whether growing or not, the seeds of that plant, an extract from a part of that plant, and every compound, manufacture, salt, derivative, mixture, or preparation of that plant, its seeds, or extracts, including Salvinorin A, to Penalty Group 3 of the Texas Controlled Substances Act.
Utah HB190 18-Jan-2007 Schedule I not passed / died Rep. Paul Ray No, then Yes
HB260 09-Jan-2008 not passed / died Yes
HB277 28-Jan-2009 proposed Yes
Virginia HB2844 10-Jan-2007 Schedule I not passed / died Delegate John M. O'Bannon, III only Any material, compound, mixture, or preparation, which contains any quantity of Salvinorin A (another name: Divinorin A). - The plant Salvia divinorum was not mentioned
Wisconsin AB186 02-Apr-2009 Fine not to exceed $10,000 Passed Rep. Cullen et al. only Wisconsin banned manufacturing, distributing, or delivering Salvinorin A the extraction of raw plant Salvia Divinorum. The law does not name the Salvia plant as a controlled statute, therefore the live, raw, or dried plant is not part of the ban under this statute.
Wyoming HB49 13-Feb-2006 Schedule I not passed / died Rep. Stephen Watt No
HB62 Schedule I Passed - 1-Jul-2011 Only Salvinorin A is misspelled as "Salvinorum A". Salvia divinorum is not specifically listed but the plant is covered by the law because it contains Salvinorin A, which is specifically listed in the bill.[69]

See also

Citations

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.6 1.7 Siebert (Legal status).
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 Erowid (Legal status).
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 Worksop 2005-10-14 (UK Media).
  4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 Mann 2005.
  5. ↑ Mann 2008
  6. ↑ 6.0 6.1 Doward 2009-04-26 (UK Media).
  7. ↑ DEA 2007.
  8. ↑ Siebert 2002.
  9. ↑ Boire 2002.
  10. ↑ Baca 2002.
  11. ↑ DEA 2003.
  12. ↑ CCLE 2002b.
  13. ↑ Shulgin 2003.
  14. ↑ Chalmers 2006-05-06 (US Media).
  15. ↑ Dujanovic 2006-11-27 (US Media).
  16. ↑ Dujanovic 2006-11-28 (US Media).
  17. ↑ Cardall 2006-12-12 (US Media).
  18. ↑ Eckenrode 2007-03-08 (US Media).
  19. ↑ Sanchick 2007-02-14 (US Media).
  20. ↑ Sanchick 2007-02-15 (US Media).
  21. ↑ Martell 2007-06-18 (US Media).
  22. ↑ Clark 2007-03-05 (US Media).
  23. ↑ Reboletti 2007 (Mar).
  24. ↑ NBC10 2006-04-11 (US Media).
  25. ↑ Smith 2007-09-25 (US Media).
  26. ↑ KXMBTV 2007-01-31 (US Media).
  27. ↑ Teel 2006.
  28. ↑ MiSP 2006.
  29. ↑ Nutt et al. 2007.
  30. ↑ Lopez 2005, Table 2.
  31. ↑ NIAAA 2001.
  32. ↑ Hasebe K, Kawai K, Suzuki T, Kawamura K, Tanaka T, Narita M, Nagase H, Suzuki T (October 2004). "Possible pharmacotherapy of the opioid kappa receptor agonist for drug dependence". Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 1025: 404–13. doi:10.1196/annals.1316.050. PMID 15542743.
  33. ↑ Blosser (Mazatec Lessons).
  34. ↑ see peyote, iboga, virola, ayahuasca, etc.
  35. ↑ see Native American Church and Uniao do Vegetal.
  36. ↑ Madison 1789.
  37. ↑ CCLE 2002a.
  38. ↑ NDPSC 2001.
  39. ↑ "Arrêté royal du 18 octobre 2004". just.fgov.be. Retrieved 2010-07-05.
  40. ↑ "Arrêté royal du 22 octobre 2006". just.fgov.be. Retrieved 2010-07-05.
  41. ↑ http://www.cbc.ca/health/story/2010/10/19/salvia-banned.html. Missing or empty |title= (help)
  42. ↑ "Law nr. 106/2011 Coll. (in Czech)" (PDF). Ministry of Health of Czech Republic. Retrieved 2011-12-31.
  43. ↑ Salvia divinorum illegal in Germany (German)
  44. ↑ "S.I. No. 552/2011 — Misuse of Drugs (Amendment) Regulations 2011". Office of the Attorney General of Ireland. Retrieved 4 May 2013.
  45. ↑ Ministry of Health of the Republic of Latvia.
  46. ↑ Ministry of Health of the Republic of Lithuania.
  47. ↑ New Zealand National Party 2007-11-05 (NZ Media).
  48. ↑ Anderton 2007.
  49. ↑ Stuff 2007-10-10 (NZ Media).
  50. ↑ Social Tonics Association 2007-09-15 (NZ Media).
  51. ↑ "Law and Penalties | Drug Foundation". NZ Drug Foundation. NZ Drug Foundation. Retrieved 1/11/2013. Check date values in: |accessdate= (help)
  52. ↑ "Psychoactive Substances Bill 100-3 (2013)". New Zealand Legislation. Parliamentry Counsel Office. Retrieved 1/11/2013. Check date values in: |accessdate= (help)
  53. ↑ "Modified Romanian law 143/2000 on January 10, 2010.". Retrieved February 28, 2010.
  54. ↑ Gerasimenko 2009.
  55. ↑ Controlled Substances In Singapore - New Psychoactive Substances (NPS).
  56. ↑ Spain Govt 2004.
  57. ↑ http://www.notisum.se/rnp/sls/sfs/20060167.pdf
  58. ↑ http%3A%2F%2Fwww.zdravlje.gov.rs%2Fdownloads%2F2015%2FJanuar%2FJanuar2015PKSLista.doc&ei=v0P0VIGoPIi1ygPTo4HQAw&usg=AFQjCNF0seUfBHv1WOxAqXX2LYxYDjz4lw&sig2=eYrOELJFYNZ8uyl94ALHIA
  59. ↑ Ainsworth 2001.
  60. ↑ Worksop 2005-10-21 (UK Media).
  61. ↑ Sherwell 2009-04-06 (UK Media).
  62. ↑ http://alisondb.legislature.state.al.us/acas/searchableinstruments/2010rs/bills/hb697.htm
  63. ↑ "CRIMINAL LAW AND PROCEDURE".
  64. ↑ http://www.cga.ct.gov/2011/JFR/S/2011SB-01098-R00JUD-JFR.htm
  65. ↑ http://www.scribd.com/doc/53495047/HB-6174-R00-Connecticut-General-Assembly-via-MyGov365-com
  66. ↑ http://www.cga.ct.gov/asp/cgabillstatus/cgabillstatus.asp?selBillType=Bill&bill_num=SB-1098
  67. ↑ http://www.ct.gov/dcp/lib/dcp/dcp_regulations/21a-243_designation_of_controlled_drugs.pdf
  68. ↑ http://www.iowa.gov/odcp/docs/LegislativeAlert7-29-11.pdf
  69. ↑ http://www.nascsa.org/news/wyomingHB0062.pdf


References

News references
Canada
New Zealand
UK
US
- Follow-up story: "Lawmaker Responds to Investigative Report on Dangerous Herb", 2006-11-28.
- Cardall, Duane. KSL Editorial, 2006-12-01.

External links