Le Vernet, Alpes-de-Haute-Provence

Le Vernet
The church of Sainte-Marthe, in Le Vernet
Coat of arms
Le Vernet
Location within Provence-A.-C.d'A. region  Le Vernet
Coordinates: 44°16′37″N 6°23′29″E / 44.2769°N 6.3914°E / 44.2769; 6.3914Coordinates: 44°16′37″N 6°23′29″E / 44.2769°N 6.3914°E / 44.2769; 6.3914
Country	France
Region	Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur
Department	Alpes-de-Haute-Provence
Arrondissement	Digne-les-Bains
Canton	Seyne
Intercommunality	Pays de Seyne
Government
• Mayor (2008–2014)	François Balique
Area1	23.05 km2 (8.90 sq mi)
Population (2008)2	126
• Density	5.5/km2 (14/sq mi)
INSEE/Postal code	04237 / 04140
Elevation	1,153–2,642 m (3,783–8,668 ft) (avg. 1,200 m or 3,900 ft)
1 French Land Register data, which excludes lakes, ponds, glaciers > 1 km² (0.386 sq mi or 247 acres) and river estuaries. 2 Population without double counting: residents of multiple communes (e.g., students and military personnel) only counted once.

Le Vernet is a commune in the Alpes-de-Haute-Provence department, and in the region of Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur, in southeastern France.

The name of its inhabitants is Vernetois^[1] or Vernetiers.

Geography

The village of Le Vernet is located in the Bès Valley at 1,200 metres (3,900 ft) altitude.^[2] Its population does not exceed 100 permanent residents, but it is often more than doubled each summer and winter, when the municipality becomes the place of departure for sightseeing excursions, particularly in the Blanche Valley, and a place of departure for the nearby ski stations (Grand-Puy, Saint-Jean-Montclar and Chabanon).

The municipality has two main villages, Haut-Vernet, perched high and Bas-Vernet below.

Geology

During the two last major glaciations, the Riss glaciation and the Würm glaciation, a glacier was present in the upper part of the Riou de la Montagne Valley. During the Riss glaciation, a diffluence of the Blanche glacier crossed the Col de Maure and reached approximately to the location of the village of the current Bas-Vernet. The diffluence was reproduced during the Würm period, but did not reach the territory of Vernet.^[3]

Relief

The Pic des Têtes, at 2,642 metres (8,668 ft), is located within the territory of the commune, as well as the Col du Labouret , in the Massif des Trois-Évêchés.

Environment

The commune comprises 689 hectares (1,700 acres) of woods and forests.^[1]

Transport

Natural and technological hazards

None of the 200 communes of the Department is in the zero seismic risk zone. The Canton of Seyne, to which Le Vernet belongs, is in zone 1b (low seismicity) determined by the 1991 classification, based on the historical earthquakes,^[4] and in zone 4 (medium risk) according to the probabilistic classification EC8 of 2011.^[5] The municipality of Le Vernet is also exposed to four other natural hazards:^[5]

• Avalanche
• Forest fire
• Flooding
• Ground movement

The commune of Le Vernet is more exposed to a risk of technological origin, that of transport of dangerous goods by road.^[6] The departmentale RD 900 (the former Route nationale 100 ) can be used for the road transport of dangerous goods.^[7]

A predictable natural risk prevention plan (PPR) doesn't exist for the commune^[6] and DICRIM does not exist either.^[8]

History remembers two earthquakes to have been strongly felt in the town. They exceeded a macro-seismic intensity level V on the MSK scale (sleepers awake, falling objects). The specified intensities are those felt in the town, the intensity can be stronger at the epicentre:^[9]

• The earthquake of 22 March 1949 had an intensity level V, and with Le Lauzet at the epicentre^[10]
• The earthquake of 31 October 1997 had an intensity level V, and with Prads-Haute-Bléone at the epicentre^[11]

Toponymy

According to the Fénie couple, the name of Le Vernet refers to alder.^[12]

History

During antiquity, the Bodiontiques (Bodiontici) lived in the Bléone Valley, and were therefore the Gallic people who lived in the current municipality of Vernet. The Bodiontiques, who were defeated by Augustus at the same time as other peoples present on the Tropaeum Alpium (before 14 BC), are attached to the province of Alpes Maritimae at its inception.^[13]

The town appears for the first time in charters in the 11th century.^[14] The Priory of Saint-Clément was under the Abbey of Saint-Victor in Marseille, via the Priory of Chaudol (now in La Javie).^[15] The priory decided the questes and the taille, the lord decided the cavalcade and the albergue.^[15] The Comte of Provence Ramon Berenguer IV granted to the community, who reported to the Bailli of Seyne, a consulate in the 13th century.^[14]

In the Middle Ages, the great road of Digne to Seyne passed, descending from the Col du Labouret, by Haut-Vernet, without following the Bès Valley.^[15]

In 1602, the trial exploitation of a vein of copper was cut short, the deposit actually being very poor. As early as 1604, the owners couldn't pay the workers, some were sent to Villevieille and Verdaches. These mines were given a new concession in 1614, without which their operation would never have restarted.^[16]

During the French Revolution, the town had a patriotic society , created after the end of 1792.^[17]

As with many communes of the Department, Le Vernet acquired schools well before the Jules Ferry laws: In 1863, it had one each at Haut-Vernet and Bas-Vernet, which provide a primary education for boys.^[18] While the Falloux Laws of 1851 required the opening of a girls school for communes with more than 800 inhabitants,^[19] and the first Duruy Law of 1867 lowered the threshold to 500 inhabitants, Le Vernet nevertheless opened a school for girls, ahead of the laws.^[20] The commune took advantage of subsidies from the second Duruy Law in 1877 to build a new school at Haut-Vernet.^[21]

On 24 March 2015, Germanwings Flight 9525, an Airbus A320 flying from Barcelona to Düsseldorf, crashed in the mountains of the neighboring commune of Prads-Haute-Bléone, near to the border with Le Vernet.

Politics and administration

List of successive mayors of Le Vernet

Start	End	Name	Party	Other details
May 1945		Paul Mathieu[22]
...
1977[23]	In progress (as of 21 October 2014)	François Balique[23][24][25][26]		President of the Community of communes

Population and society

Demography

In 2012, the Vernet had 123 inhabitants. From the 21st century, communes with less than 10,000 inhabitants have a census held every five years (2004, 2009 and 2014, etc. for the Vernet). Since 2004, the other figures are estimates.

Historical population
Year Pop. ±% 1471 18 feus —     1765 293 —     1793 300 +2.4% 1800 310 +3.3% 1806 329 +6.1% 1821 336 +2.1% 1831 314 −6.5% 1836 328 +4.5% 1841 322 −1.8%	Year Pop. ±% 1846 327 +1.6% 1851 287 −12.2% 1856 276 −3.8% 1861 268 −2.9% 1866 271 +1.1% 1872 244 −10.0% 1876 249 +2.0% 1881 263 +5.6% 1886 265 +0.8%	Year Pop. ±% 1891 238 −10.2% 1896 243 +2.1% 1901 225 −7.4% 1906 226 +0.4% 1911 213 −5.8% 1921 154 −27.7% 1926 135 −12.3% 1931 138 +2.2% 1936 124 −10.1%	Year Pop. ±% 1946 130 +4.8% 1954 109 −16.2% 1962 85 −22.0% 1968 180 +111.8% 1975 140 −22.2% 1982 63 −55.0% 1990 110 +74.6% 1999 104 −5.5% 2008 126 +21.2%
Population without double counting from 1962 to 1999; municipal population from 2006 Source: Baratier , Georges Duby & Hildesheimer for the Ancien Régime,[14] EHESS,[27] Insee à partir de 1968[28][29][30][31]

The demographic history of Le Vernet, after the depopulation of the 14th and 15th centuries and long movement of growth until the beginning of the 19th century, is marked by a period of 'spread' where the population remains stable at a high level. This period lasts from 1806 to 1846. The rural exodus then caused a rapid decline in population, most importantly a long-term movement. Between 1911 and 1921, the municipality records the loss of more than half of its population (relative to the historic maximum).^[32] The downward movement is interrupted only in the 1980s. Since then, the population has doubled.

Education

The town depends on the Academy of Aix-Marseille .^[33] It has a primary school, consisting of 9 students.^[34]

Religion

The Catholic parish of Le Vernet depends on the Diocese of Digne, Riez and Sisteron.^[35]

Local culture and heritage

Sites and monuments

In Bas-Vernet, the parish church of Sainte-Marthe dates from the 19th century.^[15]

At Haut-Vernet, the Saint-Martin Church^[15] is also from the 19th century.

The chapel of Saint-Pancrace, isolated above Haut-Vernet, is the old parish church. Ruined by the European wars of religion, it was rebuilt, and its roof was repaired again in the 20th century.^[15]

• The Oratory of Saint-Roch

Notable people

• Gaspard Laurent Bayle, physician to Napoleon
• Prosper Demontzey has a monument at the Col du Labouret

Heraldry

The arms of Prads-Haute-Bléone are blazoned : Gold to a tree of vert on a terrace of the same docked two stars of gules.[36]

See also

• Communes of the Alpes-de-Haute-Provence department
• List of ancient communes in Alpes-de-Haute-Provence

Bibliography

• Collier, Raymond (1986). La Haute-Provence monumentale et artistique [The monumental and artistic Haute-Provence] (in French). Digne: Imprimerie Louis Jean. 
• Baratier, Édouard; Duby, Georges; Hildesheimer, Ernest (1969). Atlas historique. Provence, Comtat Venaissin, principauté d’Orange, comté de Nice, principauté de Monaco [Historical Atlas. Comtat Venaissin, Principality of Orange, County of Nice, Provence, Principality of Monaco] (in French). Paris: Librairie Armand Colin.  (BnF no. FRBNF35450017h)

References

• INSEE

External links

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Le Vernet, Alpes-de-Haute-Provence.

• Le Vernet on the website of the French National Geographic Institute (Archived)

Communes of the Alpes-de-Haute-Provence department Aiglun Allemagne-en-Provence Allons Allos Angles Annot Archail Aubenas-les-Alpes Aubignosc Authon Auzet Banon Barcelonnette Barles Barras Barrême Bayons Beaujeu Beauvezer Bellaffaire Bevons Beynes Blieux Bras-d'Asse Braux La Bréole La Brillanne Brunet Le Brusquet Le Caire Castellane Le Castellard-Melan Le Castellet Castellet-lès-Sausses Céreste Le Chaffaut-Saint-Jurson Champtercier Château-Arnoux-Saint-Auban Châteaufort Châteauneuf-Miravail Châteauneuf-Val-Saint-Donat Châteauredon Chaudon-Norante Clamensane Claret Clumanc Colmars La Condamine-Châtelard Corbières Cruis Curbans Curel Dauphin Demandolx Digne-les-Bains Draix Enchastrayes Entrages Entrepierres Entrevaux Entrevennes L'Escale Esparron-de-Verdon Estoublon Faucon-de-Barcelonnette Faucon-du-Caire Fontienne Forcalquier Le Fugeret Ganagobie La Garde Gigors Gréoux-les-Bains Hautes-Duyes L'Hospitalet Jausiers La Javie Lambruisse Larche Lardiers Le Lauzet-Ubaye Limans Lurs Majastres Malijai Mallefougasse-Augès Mallemoisson Mane Manosque Marcoux Méailles Les Mées Melve Méolans-Revel Meyronnes Mézel Mirabeau Mison Montagnac-Montpezat Montclar Montfort Montfuron Montjustin Montlaux Montsalier Moriez La Motte-du-Caire Moustiers-Sainte-Marie La Mure-Argens Nibles Niozelles Noyers-sur-Jabron Les Omergues Ongles Oppedette Oraison La Palud-sur-Verdon Peipin Peyroules Peyruis Piégut Pierrerue Pierrevert Pontis Prads-Haute-Bléone Puimichel Puimoisson Quinson Redortiers Reillanne Revest-des-Brousses Revest-du-Bion Revest-Saint-Martin Riez La Robine-sur-Galabre La Rochegiron La Rochette Rougon Roumoules Saint-André-les-Alpes Saint-Benoît Sainte-Croix-à-Lauze Sainte-Croix-du-Verdon Saint-Étienne-les-Orgues Sainte-Tulle Saint-Geniez Saint-Jacques Saint-Jeannet Saint-Julien-d'Asse Saint-Julien-du-Verdon Saint-Jurs Saint-Laurent-du-Verdon Saint-Lions Saint-Maime Saint-Martin-de-Brômes Saint-Martin-les-Eaux Saint-Martin-lès-Seyne Saint-Michel-l'Observatoire Saint-Paul-sur-Ubaye Saint-Pierre Saint-Pons Saint-Vincent-les-Forts Saint-Vincent-sur-Jabron Salignac Saumane Sausses Selonnet Senez Seyne Sigonce Sigoyer Simiane-la-Rotonde Sisteron Soleilhas Sourribes Tartonne Thèze Thoard Thorame-Basse Thorame-Haute Les Thuiles Turriers Ubraye Uvernet-Fours Vachères Valavoire Valbelle Val-de-Chalvagne Valensole Valernes Vaumeilh Venterol Verdaches Vergons Le Vernet Villars-Colmars Villemus Villeneuve Volonne Volx