Laser ablation of thyroid nodules

Laser ablation of thyroid nodules is a minimally invasive procedure indicated to treat benign thyroid lesions such as cold nodules or single nodules within a multinodular goiter. The technique consists in the destruction of the tissue by the insertion therein of optical fibers which convey the light energy, causing a complete and not reversible lesions necrosis. The therapeutic outcome is the reduction in volume of the nodule, and as a result of local symptoms, such as compression, and reduction or loss of visibility of nodular goiter.

The goal of therapy is to destroy the lesion without removing the organ, thus preserving its normal anatomy.

Once documented the benign nature of the nodule, the selection criteria for treatment with the laser concern injuries sufficiently massive to create cosmetic damages or local compressive symptoms and those patients who have contraindications at surgery or anesthesia or will not, for aesthetic reasons, to undergo surgery.

How is performed the treatment

The laser ablation of thyroid nodules is performed in Day Hospital or Day-Surgery. The patient undergoes a mild sedation (the same type of procedure that is used when you perform an endoscopic examination) and after treatment promptly recover the fullness of his knowledge. Carried out under local anesthetic, under ultrasound guidance are placed inside of the nodule one or two needles, depending on the size of the nodule. Through the lumen of the needles are conveyed extremely thin optical fibers connected to a laser system. The total time of treatment is about 30 min, but the application of laser energy is approximately 10-12 min. The rest of the time is related to the patient preparation and his control later to therapy.

Advantages

Compared to drug therapy

Laser ablation has the advantages of immediacy and efficacy in single nodules and especially when they have already reached a certain volume. In these cases, the percutaneous laser ablation not only prevents the growth of the nodules but it induces a reduction in short times and without having to perform a therapy protracted over many years.

Compared to surgery

• laser ablation does not induce late hypothyroidism;
• does not involve the presence of scars or any other cosmetic damage;
• not painful;
• is a Day Hospital procedure, and does not require hospitalization;
• is a short-term treatment (about 30 minutes - including the patient preparation);
• takes place in a conscious sedation state of the patient, which avoids any risk related to general anesthesia;
• produces predictable and repeatable volumes of necrosis;
• does not affect further therapeutic actions.

References

See also

• Laser-induced thermotherapy
• Laser ablation
• Laser-induced interstitial thermotherapy