Lanistes
| Lanistes | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Drawing of an apertural view of the shell of Lanistes ovum | |
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Mollusca |
| Class: | Gastropoda |
| (unranked): | clade Caenogastropoda informal group Architaenioglossa |
| Superfamily: | Ampullarioidea |
| Family: | Ampullariidae |
| Subfamily: | Ampullariinae |
| Tribe: | Ampullariini |
| Genus: | Lanistes Montfort, 1810[1] |
| Type species | |
| Lanistes carinatus (Olivier, 1804). | |
| Diversity[2][3][4] | |
| 21 extant species and at least 10 fossil species | |
| Synonyms | |
|
former subgenera: | |
Lanistes is a genus of freshwater snails which have a gill and an operculum, aquatic gastropod mollusks in the family Ampullariidae, the apple snails.
Distribution
The distribution of the genus Lanistes includes Africa and Madagascar.[3]
Description
Lanistes has a unique anatomy among the Ampullariidae: it has a "hyperstrophic" sinistral shell.[7] This means that the body of the snail is dextral (as in all other ampullariids), but the shell appears to be sinistral.[7] However the sinistral appearance stems from the fact that the rotation of the shell as it grows is in an upward direction rather than the usual downward direction.[7]
Species
Three[3] subgenera have been recognized, based on shell differences: Lanistes sensu stricto, Meladomus and Leroya. These subgenera are not used in recent works.[3]
Extant species within the genus Lanistes include:
- Lanistes alexandri (Bourguignat, 1889)[3]
- Lanistes bicarinatus Germain, 1907[3]
- Lanistes carinatus (Olivier, 1804) - type species[2][3]
- Lanistes ciliatus Martens, 1878[2][3]
- Lanistes congicus O. Boettger, 1891[2][3]
- Lanistes ellipticus Martens, 1866[2][3]
- Lanistes farleri Craven, 1880[2][3]
- Lanistes grasseti (Morelet, 1863)[3]
- Lanistes graueri Thiele, 1911[2][3]
- Lanistes intortus Martens, 1877[2][3]
- Lanistes libycus (Morelet, 1848)[2][3]
- Lanistes nasutus Mandahl-Barth, 1972[2][3]
- Lanistes neavei Melvill & Standen, 1907[2][3]
- Lanistes neritoides Brown & Berthold, 1990[2][3]
- Lanistes nsendweensis (Dupuis & Putzeys, 1901)[3]
- Lanistes nyassanus Dohrn, 1865[3]
- Lanistes ovum Peters in Troschel, 1845[3] - synonyms: Lanistes magnus Furtado; Lanistes olivaceus (Sowerby); Lanistes procerus; Lanistes elatior Martens, 1866; Lanistes ovum bangweolicus Haas, 1936; Lanistes connollyi Pain, 1954[3] Lanistes ovum adansoni; Lanistes olivaceus var. ambiguus
- Lanistes pseudoceratodes (Wenz, 1928)[2]
- Lanistes purpureus (Jonas, 1839)[2][3]
- Lanistes solidus Smith, 1877[2][3]
- Lanistes stuhlmanni Martens, 1897[2][3]
- Lanistes varicus (Müller, 1774) - synonyms: Lanistes adansoni Kobelt, 1911; Lanistes millestriatus Pilsbry & Bequaert, 1927[3]
Fossil species within the genus Lanistes include:
- † Lanistes asellus van Damme & Pickford, 1995[4]
- † Lanistes bishopi Gautier[4]
- † Lanistes gautieri van Damme & Pickford, 1995[4]
- † Lanistes gigas van Damme & Pickford, 1995[4]
- † Lanistes hadotoi van Damme & Pickford, 1995[4]
- † Lanistes heynderycxi van Damme & Pickford, 1995[4]
- † Lanistes nkondoensis van Damme & Pickford, 1995[4]
- † Lanistes olukaensis[4]
- † Lanistes senuti van Damme & Pickford, 1995[4]
- † Lanistes trochiformis van Damme & Pickford, 1995[4]
References
- ↑ Montfort P. D. de (1810). Conch. Syst. 2: 122.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.5 2.6 2.7 2.8 2.9 2.10 2.11 2.12 2.13 2.14 2.15 2.16 "Lanistes". The apple snail website, accessed 16 May 2011.
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4 3.5 3.6 3.7 3.8 3.9 3.10 3.11 3.12 3.13 3.14 3.15 3.16 3.17 3.18 3.19 3.20 3.21 3.22 3.23 3.24 3.25 3.26 Brown D. S. (1994). Freshwater Snails of Africa and their Medical Importance. Taylor & Francis. ISBN 0-7484-0026-5.
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2 4.3 4.4 4.5 4.6 4.7 4.8 4.9 4.10 van Damme D. & Pickford M. (1995). "The late Cenozoic ampullariidae (mollusca, gastropoda) of the Albertine Rift Valley (Uganda-Zaire)". Hydrobiologia 316(1): 1-32. doi:10.1007/BF00019372.
- ↑ Swainson (1840). Treat. Malacol., page 340.
- ↑ Grandidier (1887). Bull. Soc. malac. France 4: 191.
- ↑ 7.0 7.1 7.2 "Shell". The apple snail website, accessed 16 May 2011.
External links
- Lanistes at the National Center for Biotechnology Information
- Animation showing how the "hyperstrophic" sinistral shell evolved from a shell with normal orientation
- Schultheiß R., Van Bocxlaer B., Wilke T. & Albrecht C. (2009). "Old fossils–young species: evolutionary history of an endemic gastropod assemblage in Lake Malawi". Proceedings of the Royal Society B 276(1668): 2837-2846. doi:10.1098/rspb.2009.0467.