Languages of Djibouti

Languages of Djibouti

Bilingual sign in French and Arabic at the Djibouti-Ambouli International Airport.
Official languages French, Arabic
Indigenous languages Somali, Afar, Ta'izzi-Adeni Arabic
Common keyboard layouts
QWERTY

The languages of Djibouti include Arabic and French (official), and Somali and Afar (primary). Modified versions of the Latin script as well as Arabic are the main orthographies.

Languages

Djibouti is a multilingual country. According to Ethnologue, the majority of the population speaks Somali (297,200 speakers) or Afar (99,200 speakers) as a first language, which are the mother tongues of the Somali and Afar ethnic groups, respectively. Both languages belong to the larger Afro-Asiatic family.[1]

There are two official languages in Djibouti: Arabic (Afro-Asiatic) and French (Indo-European). Arabic is of social, cultural and religious importance. In formal settings, it consists of Modern Standard Arabic. Colloquially, about 36,000 local residents speak the Ta'izzi-Adeni Arabic dialect, also known as Djibouti Arabic. French was inherited from the colonial period and is the primary language of instruction. About 10,200 Djiboutians speak it as a first language.[1]

Immigrant languages include Omani Arabic (38,900 speakers), Amharic (1,400 speakers), Greek (1,000 speakers) and Hindi (600 speakers).[1]

Additionally, the Somali deaf community in Djibouti uses the Somali Sign Language.[2]

The Somali language is regulated by the Regional Somali Language Academy, an intergovernmental institution established in June 2013 in Djibouti City by the governments of Djibouti, Somalia and Ethiopia. It is officially mandated with preserving the Somali language.[3]

Writing system

Nationally, the Latin script is the most widely used orthography for all languages. The Somali alphabet, a modified form of the script, is used to write Somali.[4] In the early 1970s, two Afar intellectuals and nationalists, Dimis and Redo, formalized a similar Afar alphabet. Known as Qafar Feera, the orthography is also based on the Latin script.[5]

Additionally, Somali and Afar are transcribed using the Arabic script.[4][6]

Notes

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 "Djibouti". Ethnologue. Retrieved 31 August 2013.
  2. ↑ Woodford, Doreen E. "The beginning and growth of a new language - Somali Sign Language". Enabling Education Network. Retrieved 30 August 2013.
  3. ↑ "Regional Somali Language Academy Launched in Djibouti". COMESA Regional Investment Agency. Retrieved 28 February 2014.
  4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 "Omniglot - Somali writing scripts". Omniglot. Retrieved 8 May 2013.
  5. ↑ "Afar (ʿAfár af)". Omniglot. Retrieved 23 August 2013.
  6. ↑ "Development of the Afar Language" (PDF). Afar Friends. Retrieved 23 August 2013.

References