Lamborghini Countach

Lamborghini Countach
Overview
Manufacturer	Lamborghini
Production	1974–1990 (2,049 produced)
Assembly	Sant'Agata Bolognese, Italy
Designer	Marcello Gandini at Bertone[1]
Body and chassis
Class	Sports car
Body style	2-door coupé
Layout	Rear mid-engine, rear-wheel drive
Powertrain
Engine	V12 engine LP400, LP400S: 3929 cc LP500S: 4754 cc 5000QV, 25th Anniversary: 5167 cc
Transmission	5-speed manual[2]
Dimensions
Wheelbase	96.46 in (2,450 mm)[3]
Length	162.99 in (4,140 mm)[4]
Height	42.13 in (1,070 mm)[3][4]
Chronology
Predecessor	Lamborghini Miura
Successor	Lamborghini Diablo

The Lamborghini Countach is a mid-engined supercar that Italian automaker Lamborghini produced from 1974 to 1990. Its design pioneered and popularized the wedge-shaped, sharply angled look popular in many high-performance sports cars. It also popularized the "cabin-forward" design concept, which pushes the passenger compartment forward to accommodate a larger engine.

In 2004, American car magazine Sports Car International named the car number three on the list of Top Sports Cars of the 1970s, and listed it number ten on their list of Top Sports Cars of the 1980s.

Name

The word countach is an exclamation of astonishment in the local Piedmontese language.^[5]

The prototype was introduced to the world at the 1971 Geneva Motor Show. Most previous and subsequent Lamborghini car names were associated with bulls and bullfighting.

Styling

The Countach was styled by Marcello Gandini of the Bertone design studio, the same designer and studio that designed the Miura. Gandini was then a young, inexperienced designer — not very experienced in the practical, ergonomic aspects of automobile design, but at the same time unhindered by them. Gandini produced a striking design. The Countach shape was wide and low (42.1 inches (1.07 m)), but not very long (only 163 inches (4.1 m)). Its angular and wedge-shaped body was made almost entirely of flat, trapezoidal panels.

The doors, a Lamborghini trademark first started with the Countach, were scissor doors: hinged at the front with horizontal hinges, so that they lifted up and tilted forwards. The main reason is the car's tubular spaceframe chassis results in very high and wide door sills. It was also partly for style, and partly because the width of the car made conventional doors impossible to use in even slightly confined space. Care needed to be taken, though, in opening the doors with a low roof overhead. The car's poor rear visibility and wide sills led to drivers adopting a method of reversing the car for parking by opening the door, sitting on the sill, and reversing while looking over the back of the car from outside.

The pure style of the prototype was progressively altered by the evolution of the car to improve its performance, handling, tractability, and ability to meet mandated requirements. This began with the first production model, which included several vents that Lamborghini found necessary to cool the engine adequately. These included the iconic NACA duct on the doors and rear fenders. The car design changes ended with a large engine vent directly behind the driver, reducing the rear view. Later additions—including fender flares, spoilers, carburetor covers, and bumpers—progressively changed the cars aesthetic values.

The Countach's styling and visual impression made it an icon of great design to almost everyone except automotive engineers. The superior performance characteristics of later Lamborghini models (such as the Diablo, or the Murciélago) appealed to performance car drivers and engineers, but they never had the originality or outrageousness that gave the Countach its distinction. The different impressions left by the various Lamborghini models have generated numerous debates and disagreements over what constitutes "classic" or "great" automotive design (elegant looks and style, versus technical and engineering superiority).

Engine

The rear wheels were driven by a traditional Lamborghini V12 engine mounted longitudinally with a mid-engined configuration. This contrasted with the Miura with its centrally mounted, transversely-installed engine.^[6] For better weight distribution, the engine is pointed "backwards"; the output shaft is at the front, and the gearbox is in front of the engine, the driveshaft running back through the engine's sump to a differential at the rear. Although originally planned as a 5 L (310 cu in) powerplant, the first production cars used the Lamborghini Miura's 4-liter engine. Later advances increased the displacement to 4754 cc and then (in the "Quattrovalvole" model) 5167 cc with four valves per cylinder.

All Lamborghini Countaches were equipped with six Weber carburetors until the arrival of the 5000QV model, at which time the car became available in America, and used Bosch K-Jetronic fuel injection. The European models, however, continued to use the carburetors (producing more power than fuel-injected cars) until the arrival of the Lamborghini Diablo, which replaced the Countach.

Construction

The Countach used a skin of aircraft-grade aluminium over a tubular space frame, as in a racing car. Although expensive to build, it is immensely strong and very light; despite its size, the car weighs approximately 1,400 kg (3,100 lb).^[7] The underbody tray was fiberglass.

Countach models

Prototype LP 500

A single prototype was built, the LP 500^[8] (the 500 stands for the 5.0 L (310 cu in) engine displacement they intended to use). Painted bright sunflower yellow, the concept car proved to be a stunner at the Geneva Motor Show in 1971. Sporting Gandini's original design concepts, the car's design required extensive modification to qualify for mass-production. The two most notable changes were necessary because air-intake proved insufficient to cool the engine. The prototype had slatted, 'gill-like' intake ductson the rear shoulders, and these were replaced with massive "air box" scoops that extended out from the vehicle's streamlined body. In addition, NACA style air ducts were cut into the body of the car beneath the B pillar, which required eliminating the prototype's traditional door handles and replacing them with handles of a unique configuration set into the portion of the ducts carved into the scissor doors. Aluminium-honeycomb sheeting, a concept utilized in the prototype design, was also dropped in preparation for production.

The car did not survive; it was sacrificed in a crash test at MIRA facility to gain European type approval, even though its construction method was utterly unlike production vehicles.

LP 400

The Countach entered production as the LP 400 with a 3929 cc engine delivering 375 metric horsepower (276 kW; 370 hp). The first production Countach was delivered to an Australian in 1974. Externally, little had altered from the final form of the prototype except at the rear, where conventional lights replaced the futuristic light clusters of the prototype. The styling had become rather more aggressive than Gandini's original conception, with the required large air scoops and vents to keep the car from overheating, but the overall shape was still very sleek. The original LP 400 rode on the quite narrow tires of the time, but their narrowness and the slick styling meant that this version had the lowest drag coefficient of any Countach model. The emblems at the rear simply read "lamborghini" and "Countach", with no engine displacement or valve arrangement markings as is found on later cars. By the end of 1977, the company had produced 158 Countach LP 400s.^[6]

In recent years the original LP 400 has become collectable, and in an auction in June 2014, a 1975 model sold for £953,500 at Bonhams' Goodwood Festival of Speed auction.^[9]

LP 400S

In 1978, a new LP 400S model was introduced. Though the engine was slightly downgraded from the LP 400 model (355 PS), the most radical changes were in the exterior, where the tires were replaced with much wider Pirelli P7 units, and fiberglass wheel arch extensions were added, giving the car the fundamental look it kept until the end of its production run. An optional V-shaped spoiler was available over the rear deck, which, while improving high-speed stability, reduced the top speed by at least 10 miles per hour (16 km/h). Most owners ordered the wing. The LP 400S handling was improved by the wider tires, which made the car more stable in cornering. Aesthetically, some prefer the slick lines of the original, while others prefer the more aggressive lines of the later models, beginning with the LP 400S. The standard emblems ("Lamborghini" and "Countach") were kept at the rear, but an angular "S" emblem was added after the "Countach" on the right side.

There are three distinct Countach LP 400S Series:

• Series One: The first 50 cars delivered with Campagnolo "Bravo" wheels in 1978 and 1979. The very early 1978 cars had the original LP 400 steering wheel. Small Stewart Warner gauges, 45 millimetres (1.8 in) carburettors and a lowered suspension (lowbody) setting is a trademark feature of this celebrated first series. Halfway through 1979's production, bigger gauges were employed. 50 cars were built, and the last one is 1121100*.
• Series Two: These cars are recognized by their smooth finish dished-concave wheels, and still retain the lowbody setting. 105 cars were built, and the last one is 1121310*.
• Series Three: It is claimed that from chassis number 1121312 onwards, the cockpit space available was raised by 3 cm (1.2 in). These cars are recognized by their raised suspension setting. 82 cars were built, and the last one is 1121468*.

LP 500S

1982 saw another improvement, this time giving a bigger, more powerful 4754 cc engine. The bodywork was unaltered. This version of the car is sometimes called the LP 5000S, which may cause confusion with the later 5000QV (next section). 323 cars were built.

LP Turbo S

The 1984 Countach Turbo S was only built two times in the Lamborghini factory, one of them was a prototype. Apparently the prototype is either lost or doesn't exist anymore, which makes this car one of a kind. The 4,8 liter V12 with bi-turbo had a power output of 748 hp and 876 Newtonmeter. And since it only weights 1515kg, it manages to do 0-100 km/h in 3,7 seconds and keeps going all the way up to 333 km/h, which makes it the fastest street-legal car of it's time. Beneath the steering wheel there is a turbo adjuster. It could be manually turned to boost the turbo from 0,7 bar to 1,5 bar at which the engine performed its maximum power output. It has 15" with 255/45 front and 345/35 for the backwheels.^[10]

5000QV

In 1985 the engine was improved again, bored and stroked to 5167 cc and given four valves per cylinder (quattrovalvole in Italian). The carburetors were moved from the sides to the top of the engine for better breathing—unfortunately this created a hump on the engine deck, reducing the already poor rear visibility to almost nothing. Some body panels were also replaced by Kevlar. In later versions of the engine, the carburettors were replaced with fuel-injection.

to meet safety standards.

For the first time, a US specification model was produced by the factory, with styling changes to allow bumpers to meet US federal safety standards. Many owners however, had those bumpers removed immediately, or never had them installed at all, as the bulky looking addition to the car was said to ruin the otherwise smooth lines of the body. Although this change was the most notable on the exterior, the most prominent change under the hood was the introduction of fuel injection, with the Bosch K-Jetronic fuel injection, providing 414 bhp (309 kW; 420 PS), rather than the six Weber carburetors providing 455 bhp (339 kW; 461 PS) used in the previous carbureted models. The 1985 US model had a base price close to $100,000. Only two optional extras were available: a $5,500 aerodynamic spoiler and a $7,500 sound system. As for other markets, 1987 and 1988 model Quattrovalvoles received straked sideskirts. 610 cars were built.

25th Anniversary Countach

25th Anniversary Countach
Overview
Production	1988-1990 658 produced
Designer	Horacio Pagani[11]
Powertrain
Engine	5167 cc V12
Dimensions
Wheelbase	2,500 mm (98.4 in)
Length	4,140 mm (163.0 in)
Width	2,000 mm (78.7 in)
Height	1,070 mm (42.1 in)
Curb weight	1,490 kg (3,285 lb)

Named to honour the company's twenty-fifth anniversary, in 1988, the 25th Anniversary Countach, although mechanically very similar to the 5000QV, sported considerable restyling. Notably, restyling, enlargement and extension of the rear 'air-box' intake-ducts was among other refinements undertaken (extending them to a more gradual incline further in-keeping with aerodynamic-streamlining), while the secondary pair of debossed ducts, originally situated further behind them, were brought forward and relocated directly on top, encompassing refashioned fins now running longitudinally rather than transversely. Additionally, further reconstruction of an already modified engine-bay cover, from a concept consisting of dual-raised sections and tri-ducting, to one that embodies a centre-raised section incorporating dual-ducting become another feature. Various redevelopments to the rear-end were made; most notably the introduction of a rear bumper extending outwardly from the lower-portion.

These styling changes were unpopular with many—particularly features such as the fin strakes within the primary rear-intake-ducts openings, which appeared to mimic the Ferrari Testarossa, though providing crucial improved engine cooling. It also featured 345/35R15 tyres; the widest tyres available on a production car at the time. The Anniversary edition was produced up until 1990 before being superseded by the Lamborghini Diablo.

The 25th Anniversary Edition was the most popular, most refined, and possibly the fastest edition of the Lamborghini Countach: 0–60 miles per hour (0–97 km/h) in 4.7 seconds and 183 miles per hour (295 km/h) all out.^[12]

Walter Wolf Countach

In 1975, Walter Wolf, a wealthy Canadian businessman and owner of the Wolf F1 Racing team in the 1970s, purchased an LP 400; however, he was not satisfied with the LP 400's engine and asked Gianpaolo Dallara, the chief engineer of Lamborghini at that time, to create a special high-power version of the Countach. It was the "code No. 1120148" Walter Wolf special with an engine identical to the 5.0 L (310 cu in) engine from the Countach LP500 prototype,^[13] which produced 447 horsepower (333 kW) at 7900 rpm and reached a supposed maximum speed of 315 or 323.6 km/h (195.7 or 201.1 mph). This model also featured the upgraded wheels, Pirelli P7 tires, large fender flares, and front and rear spoilers of the LP 400S model. It was painted red with black fender flares, and was designated "LP 500S" like the standard Countach model from the 1980s, and was the stepping stone that led to this later production model. Two other Wolf Countaches were produced, one painted blue, No. 1120202 (currently in Germany) and one navy blue, No. 1121210. (This machine was owned by Wolf for a long time, but was eventually sold. Currently in Japan). Both of the later Wolf Countaches used the original 5.0 L (310 cu in) engine commissioned by Wolf, transplanted to each car in turn.^[14]

F1 Safety Car

Between 1980 and 1983, Formula One employed the Countach as its Safety Car during the Monaco Grand Prix.^[15][16]

Production figures

A total of 2,042 cars were built during the Countach's sixteen-year lifetime:

Prototype	LP 400	LP 400S	LP 500S	LP 5000QV	25 Anniversary
1	157	237	321	676	650

Substantially more than half were built in the final five years of production, as Lamborghini's new corporate owners increased production.

Engine data

Model	Capacity	Power	Torque	Compression ratio	Fuel system	Air-Induction
Study LP 500	4,971 cubic centimetres (303.3 cu in)	446 PS (328 kW; 440 hp)	448 newton metres (330 lbf·ft) @ 5750 rpm	10,5:1	Carburetor	Naturally Aspirated
LP 400	3,929 cubic centimetres (239.8 cu in)	276 kilowatts (375 PS)	361 N·m (266 lb·ft) @ 5000/min	10,5:1	Carburetor	Naturally Aspirated
LP 400S	3,929 cubic centimetres (239.8 cu in)	261 kilowatts (355 PS)	356 N·m (263 lb·ft) @ 5000/min	10,5:1	Carburetor	Naturally Aspirated
LP 500S	4,754 cubic centimetres (290.1 cu in)	276 kilowatts (375 PS)	418 N·m (308 lb·ft) @ 4500/min	9,2:1	Carburetor	Naturally Aspirated
LP 5000S QV 25 Anniversary	5,167 cubic centimetres (315.3 cu in)	335 kilowatts (455 PS)	500 N·m (369 lb·ft) @ 5200/min	9,5:1	Carburetor	Naturally Aspirated
Evoluzione	5,167 cubic centimetres (315.3 cu in)	360 kilowatts (490 PS)		9,5:1	Carburetor	Naturally Aspirated
LP 500 Turbo S Prototype	4,754 cubic centimetres (290.1 cu in)	549 kilowatts (746 PS)	876 N·m (646 lb·ft) @ 4500/min		Carburetor	Twin-Turbocharger

Driving performance and weight

Model	Top speed	Acceleration 0 – 100 km/h	Empty weight
LP 500 Prototype	300 km/h (186 mph)	5 s	1,130 kg (2,491 lb)
LP 400	290 km/h (180 mph)	5.4 s	1,065 kg (2,348 lb)
LP 400S	254 km/h (158 mph)[17]	5.9 s	1,200 kg (2,646 lb)
LP 500S	257 km/h (160 mph)[18]	5.4 s	1,480 kg (3,263 lb)
LP 5000S QV	295 km/h (183 mph)	4.9 s	1,490 kg (3,285 lb)
25th Anniversary	295 km/h (183 mph)	4.9 s	1,590 kg (3,505 lb)
Evoluzione	330 km/h (205 mph)	4.2 s	980 kg
LP 500 Turbo S Prototype	333 km/h (207 mph)	3.6 s	N/A

Replicas

In 1984, Rod Ladret of Ladret Design Studio located in Alberta, Canada, began producing and marketing a replica of the Countach. The form for the kit was sculpted from plaster and then a fiberglass mold was made of the form. The kits and cars Ladret Design Studio built included a tube frame chassis with an American V8 power plant. Ladret Design Studio built 141 of these replicas and the industrial clients who purchased his fiberglass forms have built several thousand over the past two decades. As of 2007 there are still several companies building kits based on Ladret's forms built in 1984. In 1993, Ladret ceased manufacturing the Countach replica and moved on to other projects.

From around 1985 until the late 1990s, several companies replicated the Countach with varying degrees of success. In 1985, Gary Thompson and Pete Jackson rented a real Countach from an up-market Manchester car-rental company and made a glass-fiber mold of it. This mold resulted in a number of UK-based manufacturers producing their own Countach replicas. A few were able to produce remarkably good replicas, including Paul Lawrenson of Prova Cars, Alan Booth of Sienna Cars, Phil Cheetham of Mirage Replicas, and Ken Cook of Brightwheel/Classic Replicas. DC Supercars now has Phil Cheetham moulds and is producing Countach replicas.

See also

• Cars portal
• Italy portal

References

External links

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Lamborghini Countach.

• The Lamborghini Countach line up at LamboCARS.com
• Countach 25th Anniversary (Russian)
• LP500 Prototype Gallery
• LP500 Prototype Specifications & Further Additional Images

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Owner					Ferruccio Lamborghini										Georges-Henri Rossetti (51%) / René Leimer (49%)					Receivership						Jean-Claude Mimran / Patrick Mimran				Chrysler ···>
Front/RWD	V12					350 GT
								400 GT		Islero		Jarama
										Espada
Mid/RWD	V8																	Silhouette					Jalpa
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