Labiodental approximant
Labiodental approximant |
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ʋ |
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IPA number |
150 |
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Encoding |
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Entity (decimal) |
ʋ |
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Unicode (hex) |
U+028B |
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X-SAMPA |
P or v\ |
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Kirshenbaum |
r<lbd> |
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Braille |
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Sound |
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source · help |
The labiodental approximant is a type of consonantal sound, used in some spoken languages. It is similar to an English w pronounced with the teeth and lips held in the position used to articulate the letter vee. The symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet that represents this sound is ⟨ʋ⟩, and the equivalent X-SAMPA symbol is P or v\.
In practice, some scholars[1] transcribe the labiodental approximant as ⟨v⟩, i.e. as if it were a fricative. This does not happen in rare cases when a language contrasts the labiodental approximant with the voiced labiodental fricative, e.g. in case of Northern Standard Dutch.
Features
Features of the labiodental approximant:
- Its phonation is voiced, which means the vocal cords vibrate during the articulation.
- It is an oral consonant, which means air is allowed to escape through the mouth only.
- Because the sound is not produced with airflow over the tongue, the central–lateral dichotomy does not apply.
Occurrence
See also
Notes
Bibliography
- Basbøll, Hans (2005), The Phonology of Danish, ISBN 0-203-97876-5
- Dum-Tragut, Jasmine (2009), Armenian: Modern Eastern Armenian, Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing Company
- Foulkes, Paul; Docherty, Gerard J., eds. (1999), Urban Voices, Arnold
- Greenberg, Mark L. (2006), A Short Reference Grammar of Standard Slovene, Kansas: University of Kansas
- Kristoffersen, Gjert (2000), The Phonology of Norwegian, Oxford University Press, ISBN 978-0-19-823765-5
- Priestley, T.M.S. (2002), "Slovene", in Comrie, Bernard; Corbett, Greville. G., The Slavonic Languages, London: Routledge, pp. 388–451, ISBN 0-415-28078-8
- Šuštaršič, Rastislav; Komar, Smiljana; Petek, Bojan (1999), "Slovene", Handbook of the International Phonetic Association: A guide to the use of the International Phonetic Alphabet, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 135–139, doi:10.1017/S0025100300004874, ISBN 0-521-65236-7
- Vanvik, Arne (1979), Norsk fonetikk, Oslo: Universitetet i Oslo, ISBN 82-990584-0-6
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— Where symbols appear in pairs, left–right represent the voiceless–voiced consonants. |
— Shaded areas denote pulmonic articulations judged to be impossible. |
— Symbols marked with an asterisk (*) are not defined in the IPA. |
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- Pulmonics
- Non-pulmonics
- Affricates
- Co-articulated
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