La Paz

This article is about the city which is the Bolivian seat of government. For other uses, see La Paz (disambiguation).
Nuestra Señora de La Paz


Flag
Seal
Motto: [2] Los discordes en concordia, en paz y amor se juntaron y pueblo de paz fundaron para perpetua memoria
Nuestra Señora de La Paz

Location of La Paz within La Paz Department.

Coordinates: 16°30′S 68°09′W / 16.500°S 68.150°WCoordinates: 16°30′S 68°09′W / 16.500°S 68.150°W
Country  Bolivia
Departament La Paz
Province Pedro Domingo Murillo
Founded
October 20, 1548 by Alonso de Mendoza
Independence July 16, 1809
El Alto incorporated 20th century
Government
 • Mayor Luis A. Revilla Herrero[3]
Area
 • City 472 km2 (182 sq mi)
 • Urban 3,240 km2 (1,250 sq mi)
Elevation 3,640 m (11,942 ft)
Population (2008[4])
 • City 877,363
 • Density 1,861.2/km2 (4,820.6/sq mi)
 • Metro 2,364,235
Time zone BOT (UTC−4)
Area code(s) 2
HDI (2010) 0.672 (high)[5]
Website www.lapaz.bo

Nuestra Señora de La Paz (Spanish pronunciation: [ˈnwes.tɾa seˈɲoɾa ðe la pas]; English: Our Lady of Peace; Aymara: Chuquiago Marka or Chuqiyapu), commonly known as La Paz (/lɑː ˈpɑːz/; Spanish pronunciation: [la ˈpas][6]), is Bolivia's third[7] most-populous city,[4] the seat of the country's government and the capital of La Paz Department. It is located on the western side of Bolivia at an elevation of roughly 3,650 m (11,975 ft) above sea level.

It is, de facto, the world's highest administrative capital.[8] While the official capital of Bolivia (and its seat of justice) is Sucre, La Paz has more government departments.[9]

The city sits in a bowl surrounded by the high mountains of the altiplano. As it grew, the city of La Paz climbed the hills, resulting in varying elevations from 3,200 to 4,100 m (10,500 to 13,500 ft). Overlooking the city is towering triple-peaked Illimani, which is always snow-covered and can be seen from many parts of the city, including from the neighboring city of El Alto. As of the 2008 census, the city had a population of 877,363.[10]

La Paz Metropolitan area, formed by the cities of La Paz, El Alto, and Viacha, make the most populous urban area of Bolivia, with a population of 2.3 million inhabitants and surpassing the metropolitan area of Santa Cruz de la Sierra.[11]

History

Main article: History of La Paz
Government Palace of Bolivia in downtown La Paz

Founded in 1548 by the Spanish conquistadors at the site of the Native American settlement, Laja, the full name of the city was originally Nuestra Señora de La Paz (meaning Our Lady of Peace). The name commemorated the restoration of peace following the insurrection of Gonzalo Pizarro and fellow conquistadors four years earlier against Blasco Núñez Vela, the first viceroy of Peru. The city was later moved to its present location in the valley of Chuquiago Marka.[12]

Control over the former Inca lands had been entrusted to Pedro de la Gasca by the Spanish king (and Holy Roman Emperor) Emperor Charles V. Gasca commanded Alonso de Mendoza to found a new city commemorating the end of the civil wars in Peru; the city of La Paz was founded on October 20, 1548.

In 1549, Juan Gutierrez Paniagua was commanded to design an urban plan that would designate sites for public areas, plazas, official buildings, and a cathedral. La Plaza de los Españoles, which is known today as the Plaza Murillo, was chosen as the location for government buildings as well as the Metropolitan Cathedral.

Spain controlled La Paz with a firm grip and the Spanish king had the last word in all matters political. In 1781, for a total of six months, a group of Aymara people laid siege to La Paz. Under the leadership of Tupac Katari, they destroyed churches and government property. Thirty years later Indians laid a two-month siege on La Paz – where and when the legend of the Ekeko is set. In 1809 the struggle for independence from the Spanish rule brought uprisings against the royalist forces. It was on July 16, 1809 that Pedro Domingo Murillo famously said that the Bolivian revolution was igniting a lamp that nobody would be able to turn-off. This formally marked the beginning of the Liberation of South America from Spain. In La Paz, simultaneously with the city of Sucre, was made the first revolution against the Spanish Crown the 16 July 1809. This event is known as the Primer Grito Libertario de América.

Pedro Domingo Murillo was hanged at the Plaza de los Españoles that night, but his name would be eternally remembered in the name of the plaza, and he would be remembered as the voice of revolution across South America.

In 1825, after the decisive victory of the republicans at Ayacucho over the Spanish army in the course of the Spanish American wars of independence, the city's full name was changed to La Paz de Ayacucho (meaning The Peace of Ayacucho).

Legislative Palace of Bolivia

In 1898, La Paz was made the de facto seat of the national government, with Sucre remaining the nominal historical as well as judiciary capital. This change reflected the shift of the Bolivian economy away from the largely exhausted silver mines of Potosí to the exploitation of tin near Oruro, and resulting shifts in the distribution of economic and political power among various national elites.[13]

Geography

The city in winter, with Illimani in the background.
Valle de la Luna ("moon valley")

Located at 16°30′0″S 68°08′0″W / 16.50000°S 68.13333°W (−16.5, −68.1333), La Paz is built in a canyon created by the Choqueyapu River (now mostly built over), which runs northwest to southeast. The city's main thoroughfare, which roughly follows the river, changes names over its length, but the central tree-lined section running through the downtown core is called the Prado.

The geography of La Paz (in particular the altitude) reflects society: the lower areas of the city are the more affluent areas. While many middle-class residents live in high-rise condos near the center, the houses of the truly affluent are located in the lower neighborhoods southwest of the Prado. And looking up from the center, the surrounding hills are plastered with makeshift brick houses of those less economically fortunate.

The satellite city of El Alto, in which the airport is located, is spread over a broad area to the west of the canyon, on the Altiplano. La Paz is renowned for its unique markets, very unusual topography, and traditional culture.

La Paz is located in the valleys of the Andes, and is closer to the Eastern split of the Altiplano region. Therefore, it is closer to the famous mountains such as the Illimani (guardian of La Paz), Huayna Potosi, Mururata, and Illampu. On the Western side of the Altiplano divide, about an hour to the West of the La Paz, is the site of the tallest mountain in Bolivia and 9th tallest mountain in the Andes, the Sajama Volcano. In July 1994, an earthquake rated at 8.2 struck just 200 miles (322 km) north of La Paz.

Districts and neighborhoods

Urban Zones of La Paz
# Name
1 Mallasa
2 Zona Sur
3 San Antonio
4 Periferica
5 Max Paredes
6 Centro
7 Cotahuma
Neighborhoods of La Paz
Mallasa Amor de Dios • Mallasa • Muela del Diablo • Mallasilla • Jupapina
Zona Sur Obrajes • Bella Vista • Bolonia • Irpavi • Calacoto • Cota Cota • Achumani • Ovejuyo • Koani • La Florida • Seguencoma • San Miguel
San Antonio San Antonio • Villa Copacabana • Pampahasi • Valle Hermoso • Kupini • Villa Armonia • Callapa • San Isidro
Periferica Achachicala • Chuquiaguillo • Villa Fátima • Vino Tinto • 5 Dedos • Santiago de Lacaya • Rosasani
Max Paredes Munaypata • La Portada • El Tejar • Gran Poder • Obispo Indaburu • Chamoco Chico • Munaypata • Pura Pura • Ciudadela Ferroviaria
Zona Centro Casco Urbano Central • San Jorge • Miraflores • San Sebastián • Santa Bárbara • Parque Urbano Central
Cotahuma Sopocachi • Alto Sopocachi • Pasankeri • Tembladerani • Alpacoma • Belén • Tacagua • San Pedro • Bajo Llojeta

Main neighborhoods and zones

La Paz skyline from the "Via Balcón"
Buildings in San Jorge, on the 1st District (Cotahuma).
San Jorge 
Located in the 1st District (Cotahuma) and near Sopocachi, is one of the main residential and diplomatic areas of the city. In contains several buildings, both residential and offices, and embassies, including the Spain Embassy, the United States Embassy, the United Kingdom Embassy and others. One of the main streets of the city, Arce Avenue, starts on this zone.
Sopocachi 
Located in the 1st District (Cotahuma), Sopocachi is probably one of the oldest residential neighborhoods, 10 minutes from the center of the city. Despite the expansion and development of the area, this quarter maintained its residential property. In the last years, there has been an important commercial expansion, mainly on the surroundings of Abaroa Square, one of the many squares and parks of the zone.
San Pedro 
Located in the 1st District (Cotahuma), on the right bank of the Choqueyapu River and built around the "Plaza de San Pedro" (official name: Plaza Sucre, Sucre Square), is home to numerous shops, businesses and small enterprises, especially printing, spare parts and auto maintenance and repair shops. San Pedro's "Rodriguez Market" remains as one of the most popular middle-class and oldest of the city. The San Pedro prison is here.
Centro 
The city's downtown area, in the 7th District, comprising the center of La Paz and principal roads of the city, like Arce Avenue, July 16 Avenue (also known as "Prado Avenue"), Mariscal Santa Cruz Avenue and Camacho Avenue — the last one being the home of the headquarters of the principal banks and companies of the country.
Casco Viejo 
Located in the 7th District, is the historic and ancient center of La Paz. It now houses museums, hotels, shops and buildings as the Mayor City of La Paz and the Central Bank of Bolivia. In the Old Quarter is the Plaza Murillo, which is home to the Government Palace and the National Congress.
Miraflores 
In the 7th District, Miraflores district is separated from downtown by a long barrel (Parque Urbano Central, "Central Urban Park") and connected by the Bridge of the Americas and two avenues. Originally a residential zone, its growth has led it to become a major recreational center. It houses universities (including the Universidad Mayor de San Andrés's faculty of medicine), hospitals and the Estadio Hernando Siles (capacity of 45,000 people).
Exhibition of Images of La Paz "Outdoor Art", Southern District, Obrajes
Northern District 
Located in the 2nd and 3rd districts, it has a significant industrial activity (mainly food), being the Cervecería Boliviana Nacional (Bolivian National Brewery) the most significant industry founded by Germans, and one of the city's biggest companies in the country. It connects La Paz with the city of El Alto by the autopista (highway).
Southern District 
In the 5th district; has less height than the rest of La Paz (3,200 to 2,800 meters). This area houses the most affluent and exclusive neighborhoods of the city, like Obrajes, Irpavi, Calacoto, La Florida and Achumani, among others. It has been benefited from steady economic growth and is now the second commercial and financial center of the city, housing international firms like Moody's, Citibank, Aon Corporation, Huawei, Millicom International Cellular, Nissan Motor Corporation represented by Taiyo Motors, Pan American Silver Corporation, a Sumitomo Corporation branch, Ernst & Young, and the "MegaCenter", Bolivia's biggest shopping mall (52,000 sq m), Samsung Electronics .

Climate

Winter morning in La Paz

At 4,000 metres (13,000 ft) above sea level, higher parts of La Paz have an unusual subtropical highland climate (Cwc, according to the Köppen climate classification), with subpolar oceanic characteristics (the average temperature of the warmest month is lower than 10 °C). The whole city has rainy summers and dry winters. Nighttime temperatures range from cool to cold. Light snow flurries can occur in winter, especially at dawn and it usually melts before noon. At these high altitudes despite being located only 16 degrees from the equator, the city's average temperature is similar to that of cities such as Bergen, Norway or Tórshavn, Faroe Islands located as far as 60 and 62 degrees from the equator.

The temperatures in the central La Paz, at 3,600 metres (11,811 feet), and in the Zona Sur (Southern Zone), at 3,250 m (10,663 ft) above sea level, are warmer (subtropical highland climate Cwb,[14] according to the Köppen classification).

Owing to the altitude of the city, temperatures are consistently cool throughout the year, though the diurnal temperature variation is typically large. The city has a relatively dry climate, with rainfall occurring mainly in the slightly warmer months of November to March.

February and March, the two cloudiest months of the year, both in late summer, receive a low daily average of 5 hours of sunshine. Conversely, June and July, the two sunniest months of the year, both in winter, receive an abundant daily average of 9 hours of sunshine.

The seasonally uneven distribution of the year's annual precipitation, often results in destructive mudslides experienced in summer, due to the copious amount of precipitation typically observed throughout the season. The wettest month is January while the driest months are June and July, the city receiving a monthly average of 130 mm (5.1 in) and 5 mm (0.2 in) of precipitation respectively.

Climate data for La Paz, Bolivia (elevation 4,012 m)
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Record high °C (°F) 27
(81)		 20
(68)		 26
(79)		 30
(86)		 30
(86)		 23
(73)		 22
(72)		 21
(70)		 23
(73)		 22
(72)		 22
(72)		 22
(72)		 30
(86)
Average high °C (°F) 12
(54)		 13
(55)		 13
(55)		 13
(55)		 13
(55)		 12
(54)		 12
(54)		 13
(55)		 13
(55)		 14
(57)		 15
(59)		 14
(57)		 13
(55)
Daily mean °C (°F) 8.2
(46.8)		 8.2
(46.8)		 8.1
(46.6)		 7.7
(45.9)		 6.6
(43.9)		 5.4
(41.7)		 5.1
(41.2)		 6.1
(43)		 6.9
(44.4)		 8.2
(46.8)		 8.9
(48)		 8.8
(47.8)		 7.35
(45.24)
Average low °C (°F) 3
(37)		 3
(37)		 3
(37)		 2
(36)		 0
(32)		 −2
(28)		 −2
(28)		 −1
(30)		 0
(32)		 2
(36)		 3
(37)		 3
(37)		 1
(34)
Record low °C (°F) 0
(32)		 0
(32)		 −2
(28)		 −2
(28)		 −11
(12)		 −11
(12)		 −10
(14)		 −10
(14)		 −7
(19)		 −3
(27)		 −3
(27)		 −5
(23)		 −11
(12)
Avg. precipitation days (≥ 1.0 mm) 22 17 16 10 3 2 2 4 7 11 13 17 124
Average relative humidity (%) 78 78.4 77.3 70.1 54.9 51.2 52.6 53.8 59.9 62.5 62 71.2 64.3
Mean monthly sunshine hours 182.9 152.6 148.8 165.0 222.7 240.0 235.6 217.0 189.0 179.8 171.0 186.0 2,288.9
Percent possible sunshine 46 43 40 47 64 73 68 61 53 47 45 46 52
Source #1: Weatherbase[15]
Source #2: Climatebase.ru (mean temperatures, humidity)[16] / Climatemps.com (sunshine)
Climate data for La Paz, Bolivia (elevation 3,250 m)
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Record high °C (°F) 25
(77)		 24
(75)		 24
(75)		 24
(75)		 22
(72)		 21
(70)		 22
(72)		 22
(72)		 27
(81)		 24
(75)		 25
(77)		 24
(75)		 27
(81)
Average high °C (°F) 17
(63)		 17
(63)		 18
(64)		 18
(64)		 18
(64)		 17
(63)		 17
(63)		 17
(63)		 18
(64)		 19
(66)		 19
(66)		 18
(64)		 17.8
(64)
Daily mean °C (°F) 11.5
(52.7)		 11.5
(52.7)		 12
(54)		 11
(52)		 10.5
(50.9)		 9
(48)		 9
(48)		 9.5
(49.1)		 10.5
(50.9)		 11.5
(52.7)		 12.5
(54.5)		 12
(54)		 10.88
(51.63)
Average low °C (°F) 6
(43)		 6
(43)		 6
(43)		 4
(39)		 3
(37)		 1
(34)		 1
(34)		 2
(36)		 3
(37)		 4
(39)		 6
(43)		 6
(43)		 4.0
(39.2)
Record low °C (°F) 1
(34)		 2
(36)		 2
(36)		 −1
(30)		 −1
(30)		 −3
(27)		 −3
(27)		 −3
(27)		 −1
(30)		 −1
(30)		 −1
(30)		 2
(36)		 −3
(27)
Average precipitation mm (inches) 114
(4.49)		 107
(4.21)		 66
(2.6)		 33
(1.3)		 13
(0.51)		 8
(0.31)		 10
(0.39)		 13
(0.51)		 28
(1.1)		 41
(1.61)		 48
(1.89)		 94
(3.7)		 575
(22.64)
Avg. precipitation days 21 18 16 9 5 2 2 4 9 9 11 18 124
Mean monthly sunshine hours 186 141 155 180 248 270 279 248 210 186 180 186 2,469
Source: BBC Weather[17]

Colonial architecture

The city of La Paz has a consistently decreasing volume of colonial buildings, mostly centered around the vicinity of the Plaza Murillo. Due to a lack of funds and the inability of property owners to pay for restorations to colonial buildings, many have been torn down, or are in a dilapidated state. As historic buildings are more expensive to keep, land owners find it less of a burden to construct more modern buildings as opposed to keeping the old ones. Although there has been an increasing number of projects and propositions to restore some of the city's colonial buildings, the future of these historic edifices remains uncertain.

Economy

Central Bank building

The economy of La Paz has improved greatly in recent years, mainly as a result of improved political stability. Due to the long period of high inflation and economic struggle faced by Bolivians in the 1980s and early 1990s, a large informal economy developed. Evidence of this is provided by the markets found all around the city. While there are stable markets, almost every street in the downtown area and surrounding neighborhoods has at least one vendor on it. La Paz remains the principal center of manufacturing enterprises that produce finished-product goods for the country, with about two-thirds of Bolivia's manufacturing located nearby. Historically, industry in Bolivia has been dominated by mineral processing and the preparation of agricultural products. However, in the urban centre of La Paz, small plants carry out a large portion of the industry. Food, tobacco products, clothing, various consumer goods, building materials, and agricultural tools are produced. "The tin quotations from London are watched in La Paz with close interest as an index of the country's prosperity; a third of the national revenue and more than half of the total customs in 1925 were derived from tin; in short, that humble but indispensable metal is the hub around which Bolivia's economic life revolves. The tin deposits of Bolivia, second largest in the world, ... invite development."

Sports

La Paz is the home of some of the biggest football teams in Bolivia.

Estadio Hernando Siles

The city is host to several other teams that play in the first and second divisions such as:

With the exception of Deportivo Municipal and Unión Maestranza, all the other teams play the majority of their games in the city stadium, the Estadio Hernando Siles, which also hosts the national football team and international games. Always Ready frequently play at the Estadio Rafael Mendoza which belongs to The Strongest, who rarely use the stadium due to its relatively small capacity.

Education

The city hosts some of the most important universities of the country:

font-size:100%" style="color:white; text-align:center; background:#37c8ab;"|Foundation colspan="3" font-size:100%" style="color:white; text-align:center; background:#37c8ab;"|University font-size:100%" style="color:white; text-align:center; background:#37c8ab;"|World Ranking 2012 (CSIC Webometrics)[18] font-size:100%" style="color:white; text-align:center; background:#37c8ab;"|Latinoamerica Ranking 2012 (CSIC Webometrics)[19] font-size:100%" style="color:white; text-align:center; background:#37c8ab;"|Academic Production(Ranking Scimago Lab) font-size:100%" style="color:white; text-align:center; background:#37c8ab;"|National Ranking[18] font-size:100%" style="color:white; text-align:center; background:#37c8ab;"|Logo font-size:100%" style="color:white; text-align:center; background:#37c8ab;"|Web
1830-10-25 Universidad Mayor de San Andrés UMSA Estatal 2266 182 - 2 UMSA
1994-03-21 Universidad Católica Boliviana San Pablo UCB Privada 3449 308 - 3 UCB
- Universidad Central de Bolivia UNICEN Privada 4919 489 - 5 UNICEN
- Universidad Privada del Valle UPV Privada 7686 757 - 8 UPV
- UP Boliviana UPB Privada 8206 822 - 9 UPB
1950 Escuela Militar de Ingeniería EMI Estatal 10670 1103 - 13 EMI
- Universidad Salesiana de Bolivia Privada 11280 1174 - 16 Salesiana
- Universidad Nur Bolivia Privada 12461 1333 - 18 NUR
- Universidad Loyola Privada 13398 1499 - 20 Loyola
- Universidad Andina Simón Bolívar Bolivia UASB Estatal 13418 1506 - 21 UASB

Tourism

Tiwanaku Square in front of the football stadium

La Paz is an important cultural center of Bolivia. The city hosts several cathedrals belonging to the colonial times, such as the San Francisco Cathedral and the Metropolitan Cathedral, this last one located on Murillo Square, which is also home of the political and administrative power of the country. Hundreds of different museums can be found across the city, the most notable ones on Jaén Street, which street design has been preserved from the Spanish days and is home of 10 different museums.

The home of the Bolivian government is located on Murillo Square and is known as "Palacio Quemado" (Burnt Palace) as it has been on fire several times. The palace has been restored many times since, but the name has remained untouched.

Principal attractions

Museums and cultural centers

Churches and cathedrals

Metropolitan Cathedral
San Francisco Church

Other attractions

Local festivals

Transportation

Air

New Look of El Alto International Airport
Waiting area in El Alto International Airport for domestic flights.

La Paz is served by El Alto International Airport (IATA code: LPB), which is situated eight miles (13 km) south-west of La Paz. At an elevation of 4,061 metres (13,323 feet), it is one of the highest major airports in the world. Airport facilities include a bank, bars, car rentals, restaurants, free wi-fi internet and duty-free shops. The runway has a length of 4,000 metres (2.5 mi). Additionally, it is the second airport in the Western Hemisphere, and the third airport in the world, to successfully pass the International Civil Aviation Organization's (ICAO) Universal Security Audit Program (USAP).

Bus

Bus Station

La Paz Bus Station, originally a bus and train station, was built by the French architect Gustave Eiffel. It is the main gateway for inter-city buses with several daily departures to all the main Bolivian cities, and routes to Chile and Peru. The city is connected by road with the city of Oruro from where there are routes to Sucre, Potosí and the south of the country. Another highway branches off before Oruro to reach Cochabamba and Santa Cruz. Roads to the west go to Copacabana and Tiwanaku, near Lake Titicaca, and continue to Cuzco, Peru via the border town of Desaguadero. There are also roads north to get to Yungas crossing the Andes Mountains.

Departures to smaller cities and towns within the department use informal stations located in Villa Fátima (departures to Los Yungas, Beni and Pando), Upper San Pedro (for Apolo) and near the General Cemetery (for Copacabana, Lake Titicaca, or via Tiwanaku to Desaguadero on the Peruvian border).

Cable car system

Red line cable car connecting La Paz and El Alto
Main article: Mi Teleférico

A system of urban transit aerial cable cars called Mi Teleférico ("My Cable Car") was opened in 2014. Currently three lines are in operation, and six more lines are in the planning stage. The initial three lines were built by the Austrian company Doppelmayr. The first two lines (Red and Yellow) connect La Paz with El Alto.

Cable car system La Paz
Line Length Travel time Stations opened
Red Line 2.4 km 10 min 3 May 2014
Yellow Line 3.9 km 13.5 min 4 September 2014
Green Line 3.7 km 16.6 min 4 December 2014

Communications and media

Water supply

The water supply of La Paz is threatened by the impact of climate change through the melting of glaciers. The city receives its drinking water from three water systems: El Alto, Achachiucala and Pampahasi. La Paz shares the first and largest of these systems with its sister city El Alto. All three systems are fed by glaciers and rivers in the Cordillera mountain range. 20-28 % of its water is fed by glaciers, the remainder coming from rainfall and snowmelt. The glaciers recede as a result of climate change, initially increasing water availability during the dry season, but ultimately threatening a substantial decrease in dry season run-off when they completely disappear. A small glacier, the Chacaltaya near El Alto, already disappeared in 2008. The El Alto system receives its water from the Tuni Dam and two water channels. These channels divert water that flows from the Zongo Glacier on the slopes of Huayna Potosi and from Condoriri North of El Alto.[20] The 2.9 km long Zongo glacier retreats at a rate of about 18 meters per year.[21] The Tuni and Condoriri glaciers have lost 39% of their area between 1983 and 2006. According to a study by the Stockholm Environment Institute (SEI), the El Alto system is the least resilient against the impact of climate change among the three systems. The study says that reducing water distribution losses is the most effective short-term strategy to deal with water scarcity.[20] [22] New water sources further to the North in the Cordillera include the Khara Kota and Taypicacha, but they are expensive to develop and their water supply is also affected by glacier melt.

International relations

Twin towns and sister cities

La Paz is part of the Union of Ibero-American Capital Cities[23] from October 12, 1982 establishing brotherly relations with the following cities:

Additionally, agreement was reached by Twin Cities with:

  • Venezuela Mérida, Venezuela
  • Brazil Sao Paulo, Brazil (1999)[26][27]
  • Chile Arica, Chile
  • Chile Calama, Chile
  • Germany Hannover, Germany
  • Croatia Zagreb, Croatia
  • United States Washington D.C., USA

In June 2008, a twinning agreement was signed with Spain Zaragoza, Spain.

La Paz has been a member of Merco Ciudades, a group of 180 cities within Mercosur,[29] since 1999.

Gallery

Curiosities

See also

References

  1. ↑ (Spanish) Breve Historia de nuestro país (pág.3), Bolivian Government Official Website
  2. ↑ http://www.bolivia.com/turismo/ciudades/la_paz/historia.htm
  3. ↑ "¿Quién es Luis Revilla?". Luchoporlapaz.com. Retrieved 2010-07-04.
  4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 "World Gazetteer". World Gazetteer. Retrieved 2010-01-31.
  5. ↑ "W.K. Kellogg Foundation: Overview – Bolivia: La Paz – El Alto".
  6. ↑ "La Paz". Merriam-Webster Dictionary. n.d. Retrieved 8 October 2014.
  7. ↑ After Santa Cruz de la Sierra and El Alto.
  8. ↑ Quito, Ecuador is the highest official capital.
  9. ↑ "The Highest City in the World". Infoplease.com. Retrieved 2010-07-04.
  10. ↑ Observatorio Bolivia Democrática
  11. ↑ "La Paz – profile of geographical entity including name variants". World Gazetteer. Retrieved 2010-07-04.
  12. ↑ "La Paz". Encyclopædia Britannica. Encyclopædia Britannica Online. 2008. Retrieved November 10, 2008.
  13. ↑ "La Paz," Microsoft Encarta Online Encyclopedia 2008. Retrieved November 10, 2008. Archived 2009-10-31.
  14. ↑ "Climate: La Paz (altitude: 3610m) - Climate graph, Temperature graph, Climate table". Climate-Data.org. Retrieved 2014-01-05.
  15. ↑ "Historical weather for La Paz, Bolivia". Weatherbase. Retrieved January 2011.
  16. ↑ "La Paz, Bolivia". Climatebase.ru. Retrieved 2014-07-18.
  17. ↑ "BBC Weather - La Paz". BBC Weather. Retrieved July 2013.
  18. ↑ 18.0 18.1 IBCE (15 August 2009). "BOLIVIA: RANKING MUNDIAL". Retrieved 7 May 2013.
  19. ↑ CSIC (15 August 2009). "BOLIVIA: RANKING LATINOAMERICA". Retrieved 7 May 2013.
  20. ↑ 20.0 20.1 Nick Buxton; Maria Escobar; David Pureky; Nilo Lima (2013). "Water scarcity, climate change and Bolivia: Planning for climate uncertainties". Stockholm Environment Institute (SEI). Retrieved 10 March 2015.
  21. ↑ "Zongo Glacier retreat". https://glacierchange.wordpress.com/''. 13 December 2009. Retrieved 10 March 2015.
  22. ↑ Shukman, David (2009-12-04). "Glacier threat to Bolivia capital". BBC News. Retrieved 2010-01-31.
  23. ↑ "Declaración de Hermanamiento múltiple y solidario de todas las Capitales de Iberoamérica (12-10-82)" (PDF). Retrieved 2010-01-31.
  24. ↑ "Mapa Mundi de las ciudades hermanadas". Ayuntamiento de Madrid.
  25. ↑ "Kardeş Kentleri Listesi ve 5 Mayıs Avrupa Günü Kutlaması [via WaybackMachine.com]" (in Turkish). Ankara Büyükşehir Belediyesi - Tüm Hakları Saklıdır. Archived from the original on 14 January 2009. Retrieved 2013-07-21.
  26. ↑ "Pesquisa de Legislação Municipal - No 14471" [Research Municipal Legislation - No 14471]. Prefeitura da Cidade de São Paulo [Municipality of the City of São Paulo] (in Portuguese). Archived from the original on 2011-10-18. Retrieved 2013-08-23.
  27. ↑ Lei Municipal de São Paulo 14471 de 2007 WikiSource (Portuguese)
  28. ↑ "Taipei - International Sister Cities". Taipei City Council. Archived from the original on 2012-11-02. Retrieved 2013-08-23.
  29. ↑ Mercociudades. "Mercocities: member cities". Mercociudades.org. Retrieved 2010-01-31.

External links

Listen to this article (info/dl)


This audio file was created from a revision of the "La Paz" article dated 2005-04-16, and does not reflect subsequent edits to the article. (Audio help)
More spoken articles

Wikimedia Commons has media related to La Paz.
Wikivoyage has a travel guide for La Paz.