LNWR Improved Precedent Class

LNWR Improved Precedent Class
LNWR No. 790 Hardwicke, circa 1907.
Type and origin
Power type	Steam
Designer	F. W. Webb
Builder	Crewe Works
Build date	1887–1901
Total produced	158
Specifications
Configuration	2-4-0
UIC classification	1B n2
Gauge	4 ft 8 ¹⁄₂ in (1,435 mm)
Leading wheel diameter	3 ft 6 in (1,067 mm) + 3-inch (76 mm) tyres
Driver diameter	6 ft 9 in (2,057 mm)
Wheelbase	Coupled: 8 feet 3 inches (2.51 m) Loco: 15 ft 8 in (4.78 m)
Locomotive weight	35.60 long tons (36.17 t)
Fuel type	Coal
Water capacity	1,800 imp gal (8,200 l; 2,200 US gal), later 2,000 imp gal (9,100 l; 2,400 US gal)
Boiler pressure	150 lbf/in² (1.03 MPa)
Heating surface: – Total	1,063.7 sq ft (98.82 m²)
Cylinders	Two, inside
Cylinder size	17 in × 24 in (432 mm × 610 mm)
Valve gear	Allan
Performance figures
Tractive effort	10,918 lbf (48.6 kN)
Career
Operator(s)	London and North Western Railway → London, Midland and Scottish Railway
Power class	LMS: 1P
Number in class	1 January 1923: 76
Nicknames	Jumbos, large Jumbos
Withdrawn	1905–1933
Disposition	One preserved, remainder scrapped

The London and North Western Railway (LNWR) Improved Precedent class or Renewed Precedent class is a class of 2-4-0 steam locomotive originally designed for express passenger work. They later gained the nickname of Jumbos.

History

The locomotives were designed by F. W. Webb. A total of 158 were built in batches by Crewe Works 1887–1897 with two further additions in 1898 and 1901 respectively. They were officially "renewals" (i.e. replacements) of 96 Newton Class and 62 Precedent Class, so that, accountancy purposes, they could be charged against the Revenue account rather than the Capital account of a "new" locomotive. On renewal, they kept the numbers and names of their predecessors, and as a result the numbering system continued to be completely haphazard. In addition, the eight Precedent class locomotives that were not renewed, were rebuilt to the Improved specification, but they retained their original ⁷⁄₈ inch (22 mm) thick frames, whereas the renewed locomotives had 1-inch (25 mm) frames.

On 22 August 1895, 790 Hardwicke took 2 hours and 6 minutes for the 141 miles (227 km) from Crewe to Carlisle, with an average speed of 67.1 mph (108.0 km/h), setting up a new speed record during the Race to the North.

Withdrawals started in December 1905.

The London, Midland and Scottish Railway acquired 76 upon the grouping of 1923, and gave them the power classification 1P. The LMS assigned these the numbers 5004–79, in order of build date, though not all received them as withdrawals continued apace. By the end of 1933, only 5001 Snowdon survived and in April 1934 it was renumbered 25001 to clear the number 5001 for an LMS Stanier Class 5 4-6-0, but was withdrawn in October that year.

Accidents and incidents

On 15 August 1895, locomotive No. 275 Vulcan was one of two locomotives hauling an express passenger train that derailed at Preston, Lancashire due to excessive speed on a curve. One person was killed.^[1]

Main article: Weedon rail crashes

On 14 August 1915, a locomotive hauling a passenger train suffered a mechanical defect which resulted in track being damaged at weedon, Northamptonshire. Locomotive No. 1189 Stewart was one of two hauling a mail train that was derailed on the damaged track. Ten people were killed and 21 were injured.

Preservation

One, 790 Hardwicke (built 1892, LMS No. 5031, withdrawn 1932) has been preserved as part of the National Railway Collection. It was overhauled in 1976 and hauled some excursion trains on the main line, on one of which it double-headed with Flying Scotsman. In the same year it made a special run on the Settle - Carlisle railway, double heading with Midland compound 1000, to celebrate the line's centenary. During this period it was allocated T.O.P.S. number 98190.^[2]

Hardwicke at the NRM

It is currently a static exhibit in the National Railway Museum in York.

Fleet list

LNWR/LMS fleet list
LNWR No.	Name	Crewe Works No.	Date built	LMS No.	Date scrapped	Notes
271	Minotaur	2996	01887-06-01-0000June 1887	5004	01927-12-01-0000December 1927	†
1132	North Western	2997	01887-06-01-0000June 1887	5004	01906-05-01-0000May 1906
1220	Belted Will	2998	01887-06-01-0000June 1887	—	01921-03-01-0000March 1921
1487	Faraday	2999	01887-01-01-00001887	—	01907-04-01-0000April 1907
1670	Ganymede	3001	01887-01-01-00001887	—	01905-12-01-0000December 1905
1485	Smeaton	3022	01887-12-01-0000December 1887	—	01914-05-01-0000May 1914
1749	Hibernia	3023	01888-01-01-0000January 1888	—	01915-05-01-0000May 1915
275	Vulcan	3024	01888-01-01-0000January 1888	—	01909-12-01-0000December 1909
1522	Pitt	3025	01888-01-01-0000January 1888	5005	01932-07-01-0000July 1932
1679	Bunsen	3026	01888-01-01-0000January 1888	—	01913-12-01-0000December 1913
1219	Lightning	3027	01888-01-01-0000January 1888	—	01909-02-01-0000February 1909
1681	Minerva	3028	01888-02-01-0000February 1888	—	01911-08-01-0000August 1911
1528	Frobisher	3029	01888-02-01-0000February 1888	—	01916-02-01-0000February 1916
1527	Raleigh	3030	01888-02-01-0000February 1888	5006	01925-05-01-0000May 1925	†
1669	Raleigh	3031	01888-03-01-0000March 1888	—	01906-01-01-0000January 1906
941	Blenkinsop	3042	01888-10-01-0000October 1888	5008	01925-04-01-0000April 1925	†
1481	The Duke of Edinburgh	3043	01888-10-01-0000October 1888	—	01913-05-01-0000May 1913
379	Sedgwick	3044	01888-10-01-0000October 1888	5007	01928-02-01-0000February 1928
1517	Princess Helena	3045	01888-11-01-0000November 1888	5009	01928-10-01-0000October 1928
1216	Premier	3046	01888-11-01-0000November 1888	—	01921-03-01-0000March 1921
1480	Newton	3047	01888-11-01-0000November 1888	5010	01928-03-01-0000March 1928
1685	Gladiator	3048	01888-11-01-0000November 1888	5015	01927-11-01-0000November 1927
1212	Pioneer	3049	01888-11-01-0000November 1888	5013	01928-01-01-0000January 1928
1211	John Ramsbottom	3050	01888-11-01-0000November 1888	5012	01930-12-01-0000December 1930
1141	S. R. Graves	3051	01888-11-01-0000November 1888	—	01907-02-01-0000February 1907
1488	Murdoch	3052	01888-11-01-0000November 1888	5014	01932-04-01-0000April 1932
276	Pluto	3053	01888-11-01-0000November 1888	—	01907-07-01-0000July 1907
696	Director	3054	01888-11-01-0000November 1888	5011	01933-01-01-00001933
1530	Columbus	3055	01888-11-01-0000November 1888	—	01921-11-01-0000November 1921
1748	Britannia	3056	01889-07-01-0000July 1889	5016	01928-06-01-0000June 1928
1482	Herschel	3057	01890-01-01-0000January 1890	—	01908-07-01-0000July 1908
1677	Badajos	3058	01890-01-01-0000January 1890	—	01922-10-01-0000October 1922
1526	Drake	3059	01890-01-01-0000January 1890	—	01907-08-01-0000August 1907
1529	Cork	3060	01889-09-01-0000September 1889	—	01912-12-01-0000December 1912
1521	Gladstone	3061	01889-09-01-0000September 1889	5017	01926-03-01-0000March 1926	†
974	Richard Cobden	3062	01890-01-01-0000January 1890	—	01919-03-01-0000March 1919
1742	Bevere	3063	01890-02-01-0000February 1890	—	01912-07-01-0000July 1912
1513	Shakespeare	3064	01890-02-01-0000February 1890	—	01911-04-01-0000April 1911
1672	Talavera	3065	01890-02-01-0000February 1890	5018	01933-01-01-00001933
1486	Dalton	3066	01890-03-01-0000March 1890	—	01914-04-01-0000April 1914
1524	Wolfe	3067	01890-03-01-0000March 1890	—	01908-07-01-0000July 1908
1483	Newcomen	3068	01890-03-01-0000March 1890	—	01909-01-01-0000January 1909
1515	Milton	3069	01890-05-01-0000May 1890	—	01914-11-01-0000November 1914
382	Buckingham	3070	01890-05-01-0000May 1890	—	01921-11-01-0000November 1921
308	Booth	3071	01890-05-01-0000May 1890	—	01922-10-01-0000October 1922
2006	Princess	3142	01890-11-01-0000November 1890	5021	01932-04-01-0000April 1932
1514	Scott	3143	01890-11-01-0000November 1890	—	01914-11-01-0000November 1914
1214	Prince Albert	3144	01890-11-01-0000November 1890	—	01914-04-01-0000April 1914
1218	Phaeton	3145	01890-11-01-0000November 1890	—	01911-06-01-0000June 1911
1674	Delhi	3146	01890-11-01-0000November 1890	5020	01930-11-01-0000November 1930
2001	Henry Crosfield	3147	01890-11-01-0000November 1890	—	01912-01-01-0000January 1912
1531	Cromwell	3148	01890-11-01-0000November 1890	5019	01928-07-01-0000July 1928
1484	Telford	3149	01890-11-01-0000November 1890	—	01915-08-01-0000August 1915
1683	Sisyphus	3150	01891-04-01-0000April 1891	—	01908-01-01-0000January 1908
396	Tennyson	3151	01891-05-01-0000May 1891	—	01921-11-01-0000November 1921
1675	Vimiera	3192	01891-05-01-0000May 1891	5024	01926-09-01-0000September 1926	†
1747	John Mayall	3193	01891-05-01-0000May 1891	—	01905-12-01-0000December 1905
1673	Lucknow	3194	01891-05-01-0000May 1891	—	01919-03-01-0000March 1919
1525	Abercrombie	3195	01891-05-01-0000May 1891	5022	01928-12-01-0000December 1928
1668	Dagmar	3196	01891-05-01-0000May 1891	5023	01932-01-01-00001932
1676	The Nile	3197	01891-05-01-0000May 1891	—	01906-09-01-0000September 1906
2004	Witch	3198	01891-05-01-0000May 1891	—	01912-07-01-0000July 1912
1020	Wordsworth	3199	01891-05-01-0000May 1891	—	01909-01-01-0000January 1909
1518	Countess	3200	01891-05-01-0000May 1891	5025	01926-01-01-0000January 1926	†
1520	Franklin	3201	01891-05-01-0000May 1891	5027	01933-01-01-00001933
380	Quernmore	3242	01891-06-01-0000June 1891	—	01922-10-01-0000October 1922
1666	Ariadne	3243	01891-06-01-0000June 1891	5028	01925-09-01-0000September 1925	†
1680	Livingstone	3244	01891-06-01-0000June 1891	—	01913-04-01-0000April 1913
1217	Florence	3245	01891-06-01-0000June 1891	—	01915-11-01-0000November 1915
2003	Alecto	3246	01891-06-01-0000June 1891	—	01907-01-01-0000January 1907
2002	Madge	3247	01891-06-01-0000June 1891	5030	01928-12-01-0000December 1928
1516	Byron	3248	01891-06-01-0000June 1891	—	01907-07-01-0000July 1907
1684	Speke	3249	01891-06-01-0000June 1891	5029	01931-09-01-0000September 1931
1671	Shamrock	3250	01891-06-01-0000June 1891	—	01906-08-01-0000August 1906
1519	Duchess	3251	01891-06-01-0000June 1891	5026	01928-10-01-0000October 1928
1744	Magdala	3282	01892-04-01-0000April 1892	—	01915-08-01-0000August 1915
1745	John Bright	3283	01892-04-01-0000April 1892	5034	01930-11-01-0000November 1930	Glowworm from July 1914
1532	Hampden	3284	01892-06-01-0000June 1892	—	01911-04-01-0000April 1911
304	Hector	3285	01892-06-01-0000June 1892	5035	01928-07-01-0000July 1928
790	Hardwicke	3286	01892-04-01-0000April 1892	5031	—	Withdrawn 01932-02-01-0000February 1932. Preserved in National Collection
1213	The Queen	3287	01892-04-01-0000April 1892	5032	01932-02-01-0000February 1932
403	Isabella	3288	01892-04-01-0000April 1892	—	01922-09-01-0000September 1922
1678	Airey	3289	01892-04-01-0000April 1892	5033	01927-02-01-0000February 1927	†
395	Scotia	3290	01892-06-01-0000June 1892	—	01919-11-01-0000November 1919
1682	Novelty	3291	01892-06-01-0000June 1892	5036	01928-07-01-0000July 1928
1489	Brindley	3343	01893-04-01-0000April 1893	—	01911-04-01-0000April 1911
394	Eamont	3344	01893-04-01-0000April 1893	—	01921-09-01-0000September 1921
942	Shah of Persia	3345	01893-04-01-0000April 1893	—	01916-01-01-0000January 1916
393	Brougham	3346	01893-04-01-0000April 1893	—	01907-03-01-0000March 1907
1667	Corunna	3347	01893-04-01-0000April 1893	5039	01928-04-01-0000April 1928
295	Penmaenmawr	3348	01893-04-01-0000April 1893	—	01909-03-01-0000March 1909
1523	Marlborough	3349	01893-04-01-0000April 1893	—	01909-02-01-0000February 1909
381	Patterdale	3350	01893-04-01-0000April 1893	5037	01927-12-01-0000December 1927	†
787	Clarendon	3351	01893-04-01-0000April 1893	5038	01927-07-01-0000July 1927	†
1215	Albion	3352	01893-04-01-0000April 1893	—	01908-03-01-0000March 1908
2005	Lynx	3352	01894-01-01-0000January 1894	5041	01930-12-01-0000December 1930
919	Nasmyth	3490	01893-12-01-0000December 1893	5040	01928-08-01-0000August 1928
2178	Pluck	3491	01894-01-01-0000January 1894	—	01922-09-01-0000September 1922
1173	The Auditor	3492	01894-01-01-0000January 1894	5042	01930-06-01-0000June 1930
482	Pegasus	3493	01894-01-01-0000January 1894	—	01914-10-01-0000October 1914
2192	Caradoc	3494	01894-01-01-0000January 1894	5043	01927-07-01-0000July 1927	†
871	Proserpine	3506	01894-05-01-0000May 1894	5044	01925-08-01-0000August 1925	†
265	Thomas Carlyle	3507	01894-07-01-0000July 1894	5045	01930-05-01-0000May 1930
789	Breadalbane	3508	01894-07-01-0000July 1894	—	01914-12-01-0000December 1914
865	Envoy	3509	01894-07-01-0000July 1894	5046	01928-10-01-0000October 1928
867	Disraeli	3510	01894-07-01-0000July 1894	—	01915-08-01-0000August 1915
364	Henry Pease	3531	01894-10-01-0000October 1894	5048	01930-09-01-0000September 1930
883	Phantom	3532	01894-08-01-0000August 1894	5049	01928-09-01-0000September 1928	†
256	President Washington	3533	01894-08-01-0000August 1894	5047	01923-02-01-0000February 1923	†
2175	Precedent	3534	01894-11-01-0000November 1894	—	01915-04-01-0000April 1915
860	Merrie Carlisle	3535	01894-11-01-0000November 1894	5050	01933-01-01-00001933
253	President Garfield	3556	01895-02-01-0000February 1895	—	01921-08-01-0000August 1921
2188	Chillington	3557	01895-02-01-0000February 1895	—	01908-07-01-0000July 1908
254	President Lincoln	3558	01895-02-01-0000February 1895	—	01908-07-01-0000July 1908
890	Sir Hardman Earle	3559	01895-02-01-0000February 1895	5051	01928-10-01-0000October 1928
2182	Giraffe	3560	01895-02-01-0000February 1895	—	01922-05-01-0000May 1922
749	Mercury	3571	01895-05-01-0000May 1895	5052	01927-05-01-0000May 1927	†
2183	Antelope	3572	01895-05-01-0000May 1895	5054	01930-06-01-0000June 1930
945	Humphrey Davy	3573	01895-06-01-0000June 1895	5053	01930-12-01-0000December 1930
872	Wizard	3574	01895-08-01-0000August 1895	—	01922-05-01-0000May 1922
2177	Edward Tootal	3575	01895-08-01-0000August 1895	—	01911-06-01-0000June 1911
514	Lawrence	3596	01895-10-01-0000October 1895	5055	01926-08-01-0000August 1926	† Puck from June 1913
260	Duke of Connaught	3597	01896-02-01-0000February 1896	—	01914-08-01-0000August 1914
866	Courier	3598	01896-01-01-0000January 1896	5057	01928-12-01-0000December 1928
2186	Lowther	3599	01896-01-01-0000January 1896	5067	01927-12-01-0000December 1927	†
2193	Salopian	3600	01896-02-01-0000February 1896	5059	01925-10-01-0000October 1925	†
517	Marathon	3611	01896-01-01-0000January 1896	—	01921-04-01-0000April 1921
2185	Alma	3612	01896-01-01-0000January 1896	5058	01928-11-01-0000November 1928
477	Caractacus	3613	01896-02-01-0000February 1896	5056	01927-09-01-0000September 1927	†
619	Mabel	3614	01896-02-01-0000February 1896	5060	01926-05-01-0000May 1926	†
2176	Robert Benson	3615	01896-04-01-0000April 1896	5061	01927-06-01-0000June 1927	†
1177	Princess Louise	3656	01896-03-01-0000March 1896	—	01920-02-01-0000February 1920
264	Buckland	3657	01896-01-01-0000January 1896	—	01907-04-01-0000April 1907	†
864	Pilot	3658	01896-06-01-0000June 1896	5063	01927-07-01-0000July 1927	†
1187	Chandos	3659	01896-07-01-0000July 1896	5064	01930-09-01-0000September 1930
506	Sir Alexander Cockburn	3660	01896-07-01-0000July 1896	5062	01932-02-01-0000February 1932
1183	Plynlimmon	3681	01896-08-01-0000August 1896	—	01911-01-01-0000January 1911
1193	Joshua Radcliffe	3682	01896-08-01-0000August 1896	—	01913-03-01-0000March 1913
478	Commodore	3683	01896-08-01-0000August 1896	5065	01926-09-01-0000September 1926	†
2194	Cambrian	3684	01896-10-01-0000October 1896	5066	01925-05-01-0000May 1925	†
868	Condor	3685	01896-11-01-0000November 1896	—	01911-05-01-0000May 1911
869	Llewellyn	3726	01896-11-01-0000November 1896	—	01922-01-01-0000January 1922
2187	Penrith Beacon	3727	01896-12-01-0000December 1896	5069	01932-07-01-0000July 1932
1194	Miranda	3728	01897-02-01-0000February 1897	5068	01930-06-01-0000June 1930
262	Wheatstone	3729	01897-04-01-0000April 1897	5070	01932-07-01-0000July 1932
480	Duchess of Lancaster	3730	01897-02-01-0000February 1897	5071	01927-09-01-0000September 1927	†
2180	Perseverance	3742	01897-03-01-0000March 1897	5073	01926-02-01-0000February 1926	†
193	Rocket	3743	01897-03-01-0000March 1897	5072	01926-01-01-0000January 1926	†
2184	Reynard	3744	01897-05-01-0000May 1897	—	01919-03-01-0000March 1919
858	Sir Salar Jung	3745	01897-05-01-0000May 1897	—	01912-07-01-0000July 1912
2179	Patience	3746	01897-05-01-0000May 1897	—	01920-01-01-0000January 1920
1189	Stewart	3777	01897-06-01-0000June 1897	—	01922-12-01-0000December 1922
2189	Avon	3778	01897-07-01-0000July 1897	5076	01927-08-01-0000August 1927	†
862	Balmoral	3779	01897-07-01-0000July 1897	5075	01931-01-01-00001931
857	Prince Leopold	3780	01897-07-01-0000July 1897	5074	01928-07-01-0000July 1928	†
1105	Hercules	3781	01897-12-01-0000December 1897	5077	01928-07-01-0000July 1928	†
870	Fairbairn	3782	01898-03-01-0000March 1898	5078	01928-12-01-0000December 1928
861	Amazon	3783	01901-09-01-0000September 1901	5079	01925-08-01-0000August 1925	†

† LMS number allocated, but never applied

References

↑ Trevena, Arthur (1981). Trains in Trouble: Vol. 2. Redruth: Atlantic Books. p. 7. ISBN 0-906899-03-6.
↑ Harris, Roger (2004). The Allocation History of BR Diesels & Electrics (Part Four). Roger Harris, Bromsgrove, UK.

Baxter, Bertram (1979). Baxter, David, ed. British Locomotive Catalogue 1825–1923, Volume 2B: London and North Western Railway and its constituent companies. Ashbourne, Derbyshire: Moorland Publishing Company. pp. 188–191. ISBN 0-903485-84-2.
Casserley, H.C. & Johnston, Stuart W. (1974) [1966]. Locomotives at the Grouping 3: London, Midland and Scottish Railway. Shepperton, Surrey: Ian Allan. pp. 58–59. ISBN 0-7110-0554-0.
Yeadon, W. B.. Yeadon's Register of LNWR Locomotives, Volume 1: Passenger Tender Engines.

External links

Wikimedia Commons has media related to LNWR Renewed Precedent class.

London and North Western Railway locomotives

John Ramsbottom (North Eastern Division 1846–1857)

Francis Trevithick (Northern Division 1846–1857)	SFB passenger 187 Velocipede 173 Cornwall 290 Rocket LFB passenger 7ft Single (Raven) 176 Courier SFB goods LFB goods SFB goods tank LFB goods tank

John Ramsbottom (Northern Division 1857–1862)	3020 Cornwall (renewed) 271 DX Problem / Lady of the Lake

Edward Bury (Southern Division 1846–1847)	Bury Bar Frame locomotive

James McConnell (Southern Division 1847–1862)	Bloomer McConnell Goods Wolverton Express Goods

John Ramsbottom (1862–1871)	4ft Shunter Samson Newton Special Tank

Francis William Webb (1871–1903)	Alfred the Great Coal Engine Coal Tank Experiment Dreadnought Teutonic Greater Britain John Hick Dock Tank Precursor Precedent Improved Precedent Jubilee Waterloo 4ft 6in Tank 5ft 6in Tank 18in Goods (Cauliflower) 18in Tank A B 1400 Class

George Whale (1903–1909)	Experiment 19in Express Goods Precursor Precursor Tank Renown C D E F G

Charles John Bowen Cooke (1909–1920)	1185 Claughton George V Queen Mary Prince of Wales Prince of Wales Tank C1 G1 MM

H. P. M. Beames (1920–1921)	380 G2 G2A

George Hughes (1922–1923)	No new locomotive classes

Locomotives of the London and North Western Railway LMS locomotives British Railways steam locomotives