LGV Nord

LGV Nord
Eurostar north of Watten.
Overview
Type	High-speed rail
System	SNCF
Status	Operational
Locale	France (Nord-Pas-de-Calais Île-de-France)
Termini	Channel Tunnel Gare du Nord
Stations	4
Operation
Opening	1993
Owner	RFF
Operator(s)	Eurostar SNCF Thalys
Rolling stock	Class 373 "Eurostar" Eurotunnel Class 0001 Thalys fleet TGV fleet
Technical
Line length	333 km (207 mi)
No. of tracks	Double track throughout + loops
Track gauge	1,435 mm (4 ft 8 1⁄2 in) standard gauge
Loading gauge	UIC GC
Electrification	25 kV 50 Hz OHLE
Operating speed	300 km/h (186 mph)
Route map Legend Line from Paris-Nord 15.8 0.0 Line to Longueau LGV to Strasbourg/Lyon 110.8 Haute-Picardie Line from Longueau Arras 161.2 Line to Douai and Lille-Flandres 198.0 0.0 HSL 1 to Brussels Line from Douai 11.7 Lille-Europe / Lille-Flandres from Lille-Flandres 85.2 to Dunkirk 111.1 to Calais-Ville 112.6 Calais-Fréthun from Calais-Ville Channel Tunnel France–UK border HS1 to London

The LGV Nord is a French 333 kilometres (207 mi)-long high-speed rail line, opened in 1993, that connects Paris to the Belgian border and the Channel Tunnel via Lille.

With a maximum speed of 300 kilometres per hour (190 mph), the line appreciably shortened rail journeys between Paris and Lille. Its extensions to the north (Belgium, the Channel Tunnel) and the south (via the LGV Interconnexion Est) have reduced journey times to Great Britain and Benelux and for inter-regional trips between the Nord (Pas de Calais) region and the southeast and southwest of France.

Its route is twinned with the A1 for 130 kilometres (81 mi). As it is mostly built in flat areas, the maximum incline is 25 metres per kilometre (2.5%).

Of all French high-speed lines the LGV Nord certainly sees the widest variety of high-speed rolling stock: the TGV Sud-Est, TGV Réseau, TGV Atlantique, TGV Duplex, Eurostar, Thalys PBA and PBKA as well as the local trains. Traffic is controlled by the Lille rail traffic centre.

Route

The LGV Nord begins at Arnouville-lès-Gonesse, 16.6 kilometres (10.3 mi) from the Gare du Nord on the Paris–Lille railway line. At Vémars, the LGV Interconnexion Est joins it via a triangular junction, leading to Charles de Gaulle Airport and Marne-la-Vallée-Chessy; this enables direct trains from London and Amsterdam to Disneyland Paris.

After passing east of the forest of Ermenonville over the viaduc de Verberie, it joins the A1 around Chevrières and accompanies it to the Lille suburbs.

At Ablaincourt-Pressoir (Somme), a new station, Gare TGV Haute-Picardie, is served only by inter-regional TGVs. At Croisilles, Pas-de-Calais, a junction leads to the Agny link towards Arras. The LGV crosses the A1 autoroute at Seclin (Nord).

At Fretin, a triangular junction links the LGV to the Lille-Brussels HSL 1 high-speed line eastwards, crossing the border at Wannehain and joining the conventional network at Lembeek, south of Brussels. After the Fretin junction, the LGV has a connection to the conventional network at Lezennes, near Lille. This junction is used for TGVs going to Lille-Flandres. All TGVs and some Eurostars stop at Lille-Europe. Non-stop Eurostars pass through a tunnel under the city of Lille at 200 kilometres per hour (120 mph).

The line passes south of Armentières and north of Hazebrouck. At Cassel, a link provides a connection with Dunkirk. The LGV continues west, crossing the A26 autoroute at Zouafques and ends at Calais-Fréthun, at the Eurotunnel terminal. This enables TGV service to Calais and Eurostars through the Channel Tunnel to London. The TGVs continue to Calais-Ville or reverse in either Calais stations and go on to Boulogne-sur-Mer and Étaples-Le Touquet and Rang-du-Fliers-Verton. The route was much criticised, particularly by those in the Picardy region. The LGV crosses the region without a stop; Amiens in particular would have liked to have been on the line. The government judged a route via Amiens to be impracticable, as the Lille route demanded a straight line between Paris and Lille in order to give a reasonable Paris-Lille-London journey time. The LGV Picardie project would address this issue by serving Amiens, and would reduce the Paris–London journey time to less than 2 hours.

Stations

The LGV Nord serves the following stations:

• Gare du Nord (Paris)
• Gare TGV Haute-Picardie¹
• Gare d'Arras²
• Gare de Lille-Europe
• Gare de Calais-Fréthun

¹ Haute-Picardie station has been nicknamed "Gare des Betteraves" or "Beetroot Station," since it is located in the middle of nowhere and is only accessible by good road connections. Amiens wanted a station closer to the town centre, stopping at Gare d'Amiens.
² Arras station is reached via a branch of the LGV Nord that splits off near the village of Croisilles.

History

• 29 September 1989: declaration of public utility
• 2 September 1991: commencement of tracklaying
• 9 September 1992: catenary in service
• 20 October 1992: first trials with TGV Atlantique trainset 301
• 23 May 1993: service commences between Paris and Arras
• 21 December 1993: TGV 7150 from Valenciennes to Paris, operated by set 511, derailed at 300 kilometres per hour (190 mph) at the site of TGV Haute Picardie station (before it was built). Rain had caused a hole to open up under the track; the hole dated from the First World War but had not been detected during construction. The front power car and the front four carriages derailed, but remained aligned with the track. Out of the 200 passengers, one was slightly injured.
• The line was designed to facilitate European connections. The foreseen opening of the Channel Tunnel made it a project of the utmost urgency, leading to an acceleration of work. It opened in 1993, a year before the tunnel, from Arnouville to Fréthun; the Belgian section followed in 1997.
• The Lyon-Lille connection by TGV began in 1984, using conventional lines between the Ile-de-France and Lille.

Services

Journey times and daily train frequency:

From Paris

• Paris–Lille 1:00/24
• Paris–Douai 1:09/10
• Paris–Valenciennes 1:42/10
• Paris–Arras 0:49/9
• Paris–Dunkirk 1:38/9
• Paris–Lens 1:05/7
• Paris–Béthune 1:15/7
• Paris–Calais 1:23/5
• Paris–Cambrai 1:40/1
• Paris–St-Omer 1:56/1
• Paris–Boulogne 1:57/1

Inter-regional

• Lyon–Lille 2:48/11
• Lyon–Arras 2:46/3
• Lyon–Brussels 3:40/2
• Nantes–Lille 3:53/4
• Rennes–Lille 3:49/4
• Bordeaux–Lille 5:00/5

International

• Paris–London 2:15/14
• Paris–Brussels 1:20/27
• Paris–Liège 2:10/8
• Paris–Cologne 3:14/7
• Paris–Amsterdam 3:18/8
• Lille–London 1:20/10

Future services

At present, only Deutsche Bahn has applied for use of the line and in 2009 regulations were relaxed to allow its trains to use the Channel Tunnel. Other proposals are yet to be formalised.

Deutsche Bahn

In 2009, Eurotunnel (the owners of the Channel Tunnel) announced that it was prepared to start relaxing the fire safety regulations, in order to permit other operators, such as Deutsche Bahn, to transport passengers via the Tunnel using other forms of rolling stock via LGV Nord.^[1] Under the deregulation of European railway service, high-speed lines were opened up to open access on 1 January 2010; the Inter-Governmental Commission on the Channel Tunnel (IGC) announced that it was considering relaxing the safety requirements concerning train splitting. LCR suggested that high-speed rail services between London and Cologne could commence before the 2012 Olympics.^[2] As of March 2010 Eurotunnel, High Speed 1, DB and other interested train operators formed a working group to discuss changes to the safety rules, including allowing DB's 200 metres (660 ft) trains through the tunnel on a Frankfurt to London service.^[3]

Deutsche Bahn hope to run an ICE 3 train through the Channel Tunnel on 19 October 2010,^[4][5] in preparation for possible future operations.^[6] The current Velaro ICE3 sets do not meet the fire safety requirements necessary for the carriage of passengers through the Channel Tunnel, but the Siemens Velaro D sets on order include the necessary additional fire-proofing.^[6] DB are considering a Frankfurt to London service which could start in 2013 taking about 4 to 5 hours with stops at Cologne and Brussels.^[7]

Veolia

In September 2008, Air France-KLM indicated a desire to take advantage of the change in the law and apply to run rail services, in cooperation with Veolia, from London to Paris and from Paris to Amsterdam in competition with Eurostar and Thalys, respectively, with the intention of purchasing or leasing a number of the new AGV multiple units currently being tested.^[8][9] However in October 2009, Air France withdrew its interest. This led to Veolia looking for new partners, with the announcement that it would begin working on new proposals in cooperation with Trenitalia to run services from Paris to Strasbourg, London and Brussels.^[10]

Renfe

Spanish railway operator RENFE has also shown an interest in running AVE services from Spain to London^[11] via Paris, Lyon, Barcelona and Madrid via its AVE network which is connected to France via the Barcelona to Figueras and Perpignan to Figueras lines.^[12]

See also

Wikimedia Commons has media related to LGV Nord.

• HSL 1
• TGV
• Eurostar
• High Speed 1
• High-speed rail in France

Notes

External links

• (French) Information on LGVs

Channel Tunnel Construction TransManche Link LGV Nord High Speed 1 Folkestone Terminal Calais Terminal Corporate Eurotunnel Group Eurostar (U.K.) Ltd. SNCF NMBS/SNCB Passenger services Eurostar Freight services Eurotunnel Shuttle Europorte Channel Trains Eurotunnel Class 0001 Eurotunnel Class 0031 Eurotunnel Class 9 British Rail Class 92 British Rail Class 373 Other Rail transport in France Rail transport in the United Kingdom Channel Tunnel Safety Authority 1996 Channel Tunnel fire 2006 Channel Tunnel fire 2008 Channel Tunnel fire Bikes in the Channel Tunnel

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