Kurdish villages destroyed during the Iraqi Arabization campaign

Kurdish villages destroyed during the Iraqi Arabization campaign refers to villages razed by Iraq in the Iraqi government's "Arabization campaign" of areas, excluded from Kurdistan under the Iraqi-Kurdish Autonomy Agreement of 1970.

History

Some 4,000 villages were destroyed from 1975 until the end of the Al Anfal Campaign in late 1980s.[1]

During the mid-1970s, hundreds of Kurdish villages were destroyed in the northern governorates of Ninawa and Duhok, and around 150 in Diyala.[1]

In 1977-1978, in response to the 1975 Algiers Agreement, Iraq began clearing swaths of land along its northern border with Iran. During the first waves of clearances, residents were given five days to leave their homes and as many as 500 villages were then destroyed, mostly in the As Sulaymaniyah Governorate.[2]

In the spring of 1987, Ali Hassan al-Majid instructed that "no house was to be left standing" in the Kurdish villages of the Erbil plain. Only Arab villages would be spared.[3]

Resettlement

Further information: Kurdish refugees

In late 1991, the international community launched a large-scale project to reconstruct housing in 1,500 of the 4,000 destroyed villages of northern Iraq.[4]

See also

References

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 Black, George. Genocide in Iraq: the Anfal campaign against the Kurds, Human Rights Watch, 1993. pg. 36. ISBN 1-56432-108-8
  2. ↑ Black, George. Genocide in Iraq: the Anfal campaign against the Kurds, Human Rights Watch, 1993. pg. 37. ISBN 1-56432-108-8
  3. ↑ Black, George. Genocide in Iraq: the Anfal campaign against the Kurds, Human Rights Watch, 1993. pg. 58. ISBN 1-56432-108-8
  4. ↑ Roberta Cohen, Francis Mading Deng. Masses in flight: the global crisis of internal displacement, Brookings Institution Press, 1998, pg. 63. ISBN 0-8157-1512-9