Kuala Terengganu

Kuala Terengganu
Other transcription(s)
 • Jawi كوالا ترڠڬانو
 • Chinese 瓜拉丁加奴

From top right clockwise: Terengganu State Museum, Main Road, Chinatown, Abidin Mosque, and Crystal Mosque.

Flag
Seal

Location of Kuala Terengganu district in Terengganu
Kuala Terengganu

Location in Peninsular Malaysia

Kuala Terengganu

Location in Malaysia

Coordinates: 5°20′N 103°9′E / 5.333°N 103.150°ECoordinates: 5°20′N 103°9′E / 5.333°N 103.150°E
Country  Malaysia
State  Terengganu
Municipality 18 January 1979
Granted city status 1 January 2008
Government
 • Mayor Samiun Salleh
Area
 • Total 605[1] km2 (233.59 sq mi)
Population (2010)
 • Total 406,317[1]
 • Density 557.94/km2 (1,445.07/sq mi)
 • Demonym Kuala Terengganuan
Time zone MST (UTC+8)
 • Summer (DST) Not observed (UTC)
Postal code 20xxx
International dialling code prefix 09-6xxxxxxx
Vehicle registration plate prefix T
Website mbkt.terengganu.gov.my

Kuala Terengganu (Jawi: كوالا ترڠڬانو; simplified Chinese: 瓜拉丁加奴, pinyin: guālādīngjiānú; colloquially abbreviated as K.T.) is the administrative capital, royal capital, and the main economic centre of Terengganu, Malaysia. Kuala Terengganu is also the administrative centre for the eponymous district of Kuala Terengganu. Kuala Terengganu is located about 500 kilometres northeast of Kuala Lumpur on the East Coast of Peninsular Malaysia. The city is situated at the estuary of Terengganu River, facing the South China Sea.

As a district, Kuala Terengganu is the smallest in terms of area, but it (together with the district of Kuala Nerus that form the city area) has the largest population in Terengganu with a population of 406,317 in 2010.[1][2] City status was awarded to Kuala Terengganu with the title Bandaraya Warisan Pesisir Air (English: Coastal Heritage City) on 1 January 2008. Even though the city is not spared from modernity and development, Kuala Terengganu still retains strong Malay influences that are intermixed with other cultures from its long history as a port.[3]

Etymology

In Malay, kuala can have the meanings of "river mouth", "estuary", or "confluence". Thus, the name Kuala Terengganu is roughly translated as "the confluence/estuary of Terengganu", referring to the broad expanse of the Terengganu River estuary which empties into the South China Sea. There are several theories regarding the name Terengganu. One such theory attributes the name's origin to terang ganu, Malay for 'bright rainbow'.[4] Another story, said to have been originally narrated by the ninth Sultan of Terengganu, Baginda Omar, and what is considered to be the most popular version, tells of a party of hunters from Pahang roving and hunting in the area of what is now southern Terengganu. One of the hunters spotted a big animal fang lying on the ground. A fellow party member asked to which animal did the fang belong. The hunter, not knowing which animal, simply answered taring anu (Malay: 'fang of something'). The party later returned to Pahang with a rich hoard of game, fur and sandalwood, which impressed their neighbours. They asked the hunters where did they source their riches, to which they replied, from the land of taring anu, which later evolved into Terengganu.[4][5]

History

Among the earliest references of Terengganu are in Chinese historical sources. A Chinese writer’s note during the Sui dynasty has mentioned about a state named Tan-Tan that sent tributes to China.[6][7] The state was presumably located somewhere in Terengganu.[8] Tan-Tan sent tributes to Sui dynasty and then to the Tang dynasty after Sui dynasty has collapsed.[6] It ceased to send tributes to China after it came under the dominance of the Srivijaya during the 7th century.

Chinese history books such as Ling-wai-dai-da (嶺外代答) written by Zhou Qufei (周去非) in 1178 and the book Zhufan Zhi (嶺外代答; also romanised as Chu-fanchi) written by Zhao Rugua (趙汝适; also romanised as Chau Ju-Kua) in 1226 mentioned Teng-ya-nu and Teng-ya-nung respectively, as being a dependency of San-fo-ts’i (三佛齊).[9] Both referred to Terengganu as being a vassal state to Srivijaya. After Srivijaya fell during the 13th century, Terengganu came under the influence of Majapahit.[10] In the 15th century, Majapahit was vying with Ayutthaya Kingdom and the nascent Malacca Sultanate for the control of the Malay Peninsula. Malacca Sultanate prevailed and Terengganu then came under its influence.[11] When the Malacca Sultanate fell in 1511 to the Portuguese, the newly established Sultanate of Johor exerted its influence on most of the former territories of the Malacca Sultanate, including Terengganu. Terengganu was briefly under the influence of the Aceh Sultanate during the early 17th century, but Johor managed to exert its influence again on Terengganu in the late 17th century.

The present Sultanate of Terengganu was established in the 1708.[12] The first Sultan of Terengganu, Sultan Zainal Abidin I established his court near Kuala Berang, then he moved his court a few more times until he settled near Bukit Keledang, Kuala Terengganu. During the early 18th century, Kuala Terengganu was still a small town. It was described as having about one thousand houses that were scattered around the town. The Chinese was already present in Kuala Terengganu at that time. Half of the population were Chinese and they were engaged in agriculture and trading.[13][14]

After the death of Sultan Daud in 1831, a brief civil war erupted between two claimants to the throne, namely Tengku Mansur and Tengku Omar. Tengku Omar was based at Bukit Puteri while Tengku Mansur was based at Balik Bukit. Tengku Omar was defeated by Tengku Mansur and he fled from Terengganu. Tengku Mansur became the next Sultan as Sultan Mansur II. His son, Sultan Muhammad succeeded him as the next Sultan after his death in 1837. But, in 1839, Tengku Omar returned to Terengganu with his entourage to reclaim the throne. He defeated Sultan Muhammad and forced Sultan Muhammad to flee. Tengku Omar reoccupied his fort at Bukit Puteri and was throned as the next Sultan, Sultan Omar.[12]

Maziah Palace was then built to replace the old Green Palace which has been destroyed by fire in 1882.

In 1862, ex-Sultan of Riau-Lingga, Sultan Mahmud IV Muzaffar Shah went to Terengganu from Bangkok on a Siamese vessel.[15][16] The British requested that the ex-Sultan to be withdrawn because the British accused the ex-Sultan and also the Sultan of Terengganu, Sultan Omar of supporting Wan Ahmad.[17][18] Wan Ahmad had constantly attacked Pahang using Kemaman as his base and British trade there were disrupted by the constant attacks.[19] The Siamese agreed to British request, but they have yet to follow through with their agreement. The Strait Settlements Governor, Sir Orfeur Cavenagh sent three ships, HMS Scout, HMS Coquette and a steamer Tonze to Kuala Terengganu, under the command of Captain Corbett, accompanied by Major MacPherson.[15] They were sent with orders to compel the ex-Sultan of Riau-Lingga to be sent back by the British to Siam, and to call upon the Sultan to cease supporting Wan Ahmad. After the Sultan of Terengganu declined to surrender the ex-Sultan to the British, the ships bombarded Kuala Terengganu.[20] The Sultan of Terengganu and the ex-Sultan had fled Kuala Terengganu during the bombardment. The ships then returned to Singapore. Kuala Terengganu was ravaged by a fire in 1882.[21][22] The fire that swept through Kuala Terengganu destroyed many buildings, including Green Palace (Istana Hijau), the Sultan’s palace. Maziah Palace (Istana Maziah) was later built to replace the destroyed palace.[23]

Street in Kuala Terengganu in June 1961 with a Chinese shop on the background.

Kuala Terengganu continued to be Terengganu's capital when it was still a vassal state of Siam and during the early years of British colonisation of Malaya. Terengganu fell under the administration of Britain through the Bangkok Treaty of 1909 and was forced to accept a resident "British advisor". Terengganu, along with four other states were grouped under the term of Unfederated Malay States.[24] British maintained its rule on Terengganu except during the Japanese occupation in World War II. In 1957, Malaya achieved its independence,[25] and subsequently in 1963, Malaya, North Borneo (now the state of Sabah), Sarawak, and Singapore merge to form Malaysia.[26] On 18 January 1979, Kuala Terengganu Municipal Council was established to oversee the development of the town. The Municipal Council was upgraded to Kuala Terengganu City Council on 1 January 2008.[27]

Governance

The State Secretariat building, Wisma Darul Iman, houses the Legislative Assembly of Terengganu and the Office of Mentri Besar.

As it is the capital of Terengganu, the city is vital to the political and economic welfare of the state. The city is the centre for the State and Federal Government agencies, housing the offices of many ministries' departments and governmental bodies, such as the Immigration and Customs Department, State Economic Planning Unit, Pos Malaysia Kuala Terengganu General Post Office, Terengganu State Library, and many others. As the administrative capital of Terengganu, the Legislative Assembly convenes at Wisma Darul Iman, the state secretariat building. Kuala Terengganu is also the royal capital of the state, being the site of the Sultan's many palaces, for example Istana Badariah and Istana Maziah.

The Election Commission of Malaysia has divided Kuala Terengganu into two different parliament constituencies: P.35 for Kuala Nerus, and P.36 for Kuala Terengganu. There are four state assembly districts in each Parliament. They are:[28]

PMINT Tower houses the headquarters for Kuala Terengganu City Council and Terengganu State Economic Development Corporation.

Kuala Terengganu was first designated as a local government area in 1928 through the Municipal and Health Enactment 1928. At this time, the area only covered a small part of the current city border, specifically the historic core around the river mouth. The area, nevertheless, was enlarged slowly. In 1950, the town was administrated by Kuala Terengganu Town Board under section 51(1), the Local Authority Election Ordinance 1950. Like many other town boards at that time, the process of town planning was carried out according to the Town Board Enactment 1930.[29] Until 1979, the town continued to be managed by Kuala Terengganu Town Board that governed an area of 5.4 square miles (1,398.6 hectares), with a population of around 53,300 people. Kuala Terengganu Municipal Council (MPKT) was established due to the development that spilled over to the areas outside the jurisdiction of the former Town Board. MPKT was established on 18 January 1979 under the enforcement of the Local Government Act 1976. MPKT was created through the amalgamation of Kuala Terengganu Town Board and four local councils (North KT, South KT, West KT, and Central KT) with an area of 18,712 hectares covering 21 mukim or sub-districts, including some parts of Northern Kuala Terengganu.[29]

On 1 January 1985, the sub-districts of Bukit Palos and Alor Limbat were removed from the Council and placed under the administration of Marang District Council. With these changes, the area under the Council's administration was reduced to 16,806 hectares. On 16 December 1996, Kuala Terengganu Municipal Council was extended to cover the entire area of Kuala Terengganu district back then, including the famous resort island, Redang Island. With that, the number of the sub-districts increased to 23 while the area increased dramatically to 60,528 hectares.[29][27] On 1 January 2008, a declaration was made by the state government and Kuala Terengganu became the first city on the East Coast region of Peninsular Malaysia to achieve city status. Kuala Terengganu Municipal Council changed its name to Kuala Terengganu City Council (MBKT) to reflect the change of its status.[30][31] On 18 September 2014, the northern part of Kuala Terengganu (formerly called as Northern Kuala Terengganu) was declared as the state's newest district with the name of Kuala Nerus.[32] This however does not mean a creation of a new local government area as Kuala Nerus is still under the jurisdiction of MBKT.

As the local council for the districts of Kuala Terengganu and Kuala Nerus, and an agency under the Terengganu state government. MBKT is responsible for public health and sanitation, waste removal and management, town planning and beautification, environmental protection and building control, social, economic and tourism development, and general maintenance and constructions of urban infrastructure. The MBKT main headquarters is located at Menara Permint in Jalan Sultan Ismail.[33]

The green section is Kuala Nerus district, while the yellow section is Kuala Terengganu district. Both districts are under the jurisdiction of Kuala Terengganu City Council.

There are two districts that are administered by MBKT. They are Kuala Terengganu and Kuala Nerus. Kuala Nerus was formerly a part of Kuala Terengganu district, but on 18 September 2014, the Malaysian Prime Minister, Datuk Seri Najib Tun Razak declared this northern part of Kuala Terengganu district as the eighth and newest district in Terengganu state.[32]

With a population or over 200,000 and a size of 39,890 hectares, it comprises a substantial part of the former larger Kuala Terengganu district. Significant development in the areas of higher education and housing projects have occurred there in contemporary times.[34] Kuala Nerus main centre of population includes Manir and Batu Rakit. Among major education institutions located in this district are Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin, The Institute of Teacher Education Dato Razali Ismail Campus and an industrial training institute. The Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin (UniSZA) Teaching Hospital is now under construction, thus providing this district with a new significant establishment. The Sultan Mahmud Airport is located within the district, as is the multipurpose Sultan Mizan Zainal Abidin Stadium.

Although Kuala Nerus and Kuala Terengganu are now two districts on their own, since both of them are under the administration of the same local government, this makes MBKT among the few local governments in Malaysia to manage two different districts.

The mukim or sub-districts under MBKT are:[35]

  • Atas Tol
  • Bandar
  • Batu Buruk
  • Batu Rakit
  • Belara
  • Bukit Besar
  • Cabang Tiga
  • Cenering
  • Gelugur Kedai
  • Gelugur Raja
  • Kepung
  • Kuala Ibai
  • Kuala Nerus
  • Kubang Parit
  • Losong
  • Manir
  • Paluh
  • Pengadang Buluh
  • Pulau Redang
  • Pulau-pulau
  • Rengas
  • Serada
  • Tok Jamal

Geography

Geography panorama of the city with Sultan Mahmud Bridge and Crystal Mosque on the background.

Topography and geology

Kuala Terengganu is located in the east coast of Peninsular Malaysia. It is administered by Kuala Terengganu City Council, which covers the whole area of Kuala Terengganu district. The district's location at the estuary of Terengganu River divided the district into two parts, Kuala Terengganu Utara (North Kuala Terengganu), now known as Kuala Nerus, and Kuala Terengganu Selatan (South Kuala Terengganu), which is considered to be Kuala Terengganu proper. The eastern part of the district that faces the South China Sea is characterised by sandy coastal beaches that cover the entire stretch of both parts. Small bays and coastal plains can be found. The district is divided into four major drainage basins: Terengganu River basin, Nerus River basin, Ibai River basin, and other small rivers basin. Certain parts of the rivers of Kuala Terengganu are lined with swamp forests.[29]

Hills between 200–600 metres mostly dominate the western part of the district, with more than 70% of the district made up of lowlands less than 20 metres high because of its geographical proximity to the coast. The city itself has a few high points with the highest being Bukit Besar, followed by Bukit Kecil. Bukit Puteri is centrally located in the city, just near the Terengganu River estuary. The lowlands provide the district with suitable areas for plantations such as paddy, palm oil trees, and rubber trees.[29]

Redang archipelago is a group of islands in which two, the main island of Redang and Pinang Island, are inhabited, and the other smaller islands are not (Ling Island, Ekor Tebu Island, Lima Island, Paku Island, Paku Kecil Island, Kerengga Island, and Kerengga Kecil Island). Redang Islands are located 45 kilometres away from Kuala Terengganu in the South China Sea and are designated as a Marine Park in 1994 to protect the 500 species of corals and the thousands of fish and invertebrates living among them. Redang Islands are composed mainly of granite and sedimentary rocks that are metamorphosed. The main river is Redang River.[36][37][38]

Climate

Sea view of Kuala Terengganu with tropical rainforest climate.

As a part of Terengganu, Kuala Terengganu has a tropical rainforest climate under the Köppen climate classification with constant temperature, considerable amount of rain and high humidity. It is generally fairly hot and humid all year round, averaging from 28 °C to 30 °C in daytime and slightly cooler after dusk. Nevertheless, the sea breeze from South China Sea has somehow moderating the humidity in offshore areas while the altitude and lush forest trees and plant has cooled the mountain and rural areas.

There are two main types of monsoons in the state. The southwest monsoon season is usually established in the later half of May or early June and ends in September. The prevailing wind flow is generally southwesterly and light, below 15 knots. The northeast monsoon season usually starts in early November and ends in March. During this season, steady easterly or northeasterly winds of 10 to 20 knots prevail. The winds over the east coast states of Peninsular Malaysia may reach 30 knots or more during periods of strong surges of cold air from the north (cold surges).

During the northeast monsoon season, Kuala Terengganu, being exposed to the coast, receives heavy rainfall. It is inadvisable to visit any of the offshore islands or participating in sea activities as the sea can be very rough. However, in some clear sunny days during the monsoon season, surprisingly east coast is always presented with clear blue sky and cooling wind.[39][40]

Climate data for Kuala Terengganu Precipitation In 2014 (Mean Rainfall : 2009-2013)
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Average high °C (°F) 29
(84)		 29
(85)		 31
(87)		 32
(90)		 32
(90)		 32
(90)		 32
(89)		 32
(89)		 32
(89)		 31
(87)		 29
(84)		 28
(83)		 31
(87)
Average low °C (°F) 23
(73)		 23
(73)		 23
(74)		 24
(75)		 24
(75)		 23
(74)		 23
(74)		 23
(74)		 23
(74)		 23
(74)		 23
(74)		 23
(73)		 23
(74)
Average precipitation mm (inches) 72.8
(2.866)		 0
(0)		 35.6
(1.402)		 0.4
(0.016)		 84.2
(3.315)		 121.4
(4.78)		 188.4
(7.417)		 130.2
(5.126)		 104.8
(4.126)		 163.2 1356.6 — 2,257.6
(88.882)
Average rainfall mm (inches) 220.6
(8.685)		 86.9
(3.421)		 432.1
(17.012)		 154.1
(6.067)		 137.9
(5.429)		 100.8
(3.969)		 101.8
(4.008)		 136.6
(5.378)		 158.2
(6.228)		 367.8
(14.48)		 652.8
(25.701)		 593.1
(23.35)		 3,142.7
(123.728)
Source: Malaysian Meteorological Department

Demography

Ethnicity

Ethnic in Kuala Terengganu - 2010 PBT Census[2]
ethnic percent
Malay
  
 94.74%
Chinese
  
 3.44%
Foreigners
  
 1.28%
Indian
  
 0.25%
Other Bumiputeras
  
 0.19%
Others
  
 0.08%

By the 19th century, Kuala Terengganu has become a large and populous town. Thomas John Newbold, an English soldier in the service of the East India Company, estimated population of Kuala Terengganu was around 15,000 to 20,000 Malays with 600 Chinese,[41] but it was presumably an overestimation.[42] There were few brick buildings in the town. The principal brick buildings were a mosque and a custom house. Most of the houses were made of wood and thatch.[43] The Chinese settlement in Kuala Terengganu, Kampung Cina, has become an old and established settlement. Most of the houses and shops in Kampung Cina were made of stone and brick.[41][44] There were also a considerable number of Arabs and their descendant in Kuala Terengganu.[43]

According to The Malaysian Census 2010, Kuala Terengganu has a population of 406,317. The city population mainly consists of Malays with a population of 319,813. Chinese residents are the second biggest ethnic (11,617). Other residents include Non-Malaysian citizens (4,326), other Bumiputras (643), Indian (867) and others (287).

As of 2010 Census the population of Kuala Terengganu by religion is 96.9% Muslim, 2.5% Buddhist, 0.2% Hindu, 0.2% Christian, and 0.2% follower of other religions, Sikhs or non-religious. All Malays are Muslim. Mosques and halal food establishments can be found all over the city. The Chinese of Kuala Terengganu are made up of Hokkien and they practised either Buddhism, Taoism or Christianity. A small number of Hindus and Sikhs also exist.[45]

Languages

The Malays in Kuala Terengganu speak a distinct Terengganu Malay and is the main lingua franca in the city. The Chinese mostly use Hokkien with some using Teochew and Mandarin. Most Indians in Kuala Terengganu speak Tamil.

Economy

Pasir Panjang beach on Pulau Redang. It is one of the major tourist islands in the country.

Kuala Terengganu was a major fishing port and one of the important trading ports in Malaya.[46][47][48][49] The chief export commodities were coffee, gambier, gold, ivory, pepper and tin. They were mainly traded for rice, tobacco, cotton goods and opium.[44][50][51][52][53][54]

The economic sector in Kuala Terengganu is mostly made up of small-scale manufacturing industries such as the traditional textile making, local food industries, arts and craft factories, and agriculture, with most of them centred around residential areas or villages. There are two main industrial estates catered to bigger industries, one in Chendering and the other one in Gong Badak. Factories such as those that produce bricks or timber products are located further away from the main city areas. As the principal gateway for tourist to the state, tourism remains as one of economic source for Kuala Terengganu.[29][55]

Cityscape

The view of Kuala Terengganu from the top of Bukit Puteri.

Architecture

The architecture of Kuala Terengganu is a blend of old colonial influences, traditional Terengganu's Malay architecture, Asian traditions, Malay Islamic inspirations, modern, and postmodern architecture mix. Most of the styling has been modified to use local resources and acclimatised to the local climate, which is hot and humid all year around. Prior to the Second World War, many shophouses, usually two stories with functional shops on the ground floor and separate residential spaces upstairs, were built around the old city centre. These shop-houses drew inspiration from Straits Chinese, mainland China and European traditions, most of the building's architecture can be found in the old city centre in Jalan Bandar, Chinatown, Kuala Terengganu.

Independence coupled with the rapid economic growth from the 1970s to the 1990s and with Islam being the official religion in the country, has resulted in the construction of buildings with a more local traditional Terengganu's Malay architecture and Islamic flavour arise around the city. Many of these buildings derive their design from Terenggaanu house belongs to the “Rumah Tiang Dua Belas” type, named after the 12 posts (3 rows of four) which extend from the foundation to the roof.[56]

Public Facilities and Infrastructure

Transportation

Public transport

Other transport facilities include the taxicab and Kuala Terengganu Bus Terminal where passengers can have the interstate bus services to all major cities and towns in Peninsular Malaysia. The interstate bus services use air-conditioned express buses. There is a limited service tourist bus that plies back and forth to tourist areas such as the Nor Arfa batik outlet south of the city, and the jetty for ferries to the island resorts at Redang and Perhentian islands.[57]

Kuala Terengganu has its own special bus service known as Cas Ligas or Town Bus. The buses have the characteristics of a traditional old castle through the unique roof design to reflect the state cultural identity. The buses cover three lines in and out of the city. A token fare of MYR1 should be paid for each ride.[58]

There is also trishaw services although this service is dying fast and is not as extensive as the ones in the states of Malacca and Penang. In Kuala Terengganu, pedestrian-pulled rickshaws were gradually replaced by cycle rickshaws (beca in Malay). Cycle rickshaws were ubiquitous up to the 1970s in cities. Since then, rapid urbanisation has increased demand for more efficient public transport, resulting in dwindling cycle rickshaw numbers. Today, cycle rickshaws are operated mostly as a tourist attraction in Kuala Terengganu.[59][60] The city's only taxi rank stands nearby to the city's bus terminal.[61] Cars may be hired at certain outlets and at the airport. The city and suburbs are relatively easy to negotiate by car.

Land

The city is connected to other towns via a good network of roads. The Sultan Mahmud Bridge, a three-kilometre bridge over the Terengganu River, provides a road link to both banks of the river and Duyong Island. The East Coast Expressway, which starts from Karak until Kuala Terengganu, has made it easy for any travellers to drive up to the city. Roads are accessible from many major towns and cities in Peninsula Malaysia. It takes about 6–7 hour drive from Kuala Lumpur and 1.5 hour drive from Kuantan. Visitors can also drive to Kuala Terengganu from the north of the peninsula via East-West Highway.

Air

On the other side of the Terengganu River, there is a medium-sized airport called Sultan Mahmud Airport (IATA: TGG, ICAO: WMKN) serving domestic and international routes. The airport is located 8 km (5.0 mi) from the city centre, located in Seberang Takir. The airlines serving this airport are Malaysia Airlines, Firefly, AirAsia, Malindo Air, and Sriwijaya Air.

Until December 2014, the airport was served by 5 cities which operated daily and weekly flights from/to Kuala Lumpur, Kuala Lumpur-Subang, Medan, Miri, and Singapore. Malaysia Airlines has also bring passengers to the Holy Land Mecca via Jeddah and Medina during the hajj seasonal.[62] In 2013, the airport handled 699,310 passengers with 11,402 aircraft movements. The terminal was designed to handle 2 million passengers every year.[63]

Water

The traditional water taxis known locally as 'bot penambang' in Kuala Terengganu, Malaysia.

The city also has water transportation that ply the Terengganu River. The lifeline between the north and south parts of the city are the water taxis more popularly known as bot penambang. Bot penambang are engined, roofed wooden boats made to carry passengers from Seberang Takir Jetty and Pulau Duyong Kecil Jetty to Kuala Terengganu Jetty. It is the easiest and shortest way to get to the city.[64][65] There are also ferry services to the resort island of Redang and other small islands, although these services are mainly carried out by modern express ferries. The ferries dock at Syahbandar Jetty, just in front of the General Post Office.[66]

Banking services

Malaysian central bank, Bank Negara Malaysia maintains the east coast branch in Kuala Terengganu.[67] Major Malaysian commercial banks also have their branches here. This includes Maybank, CIMB Bank, AmBank, Public Bank, RHB Bank, and Hong Leong Bank. Many of these banks have their main offices near to one another at Jalan Sultan Ismail and the adjacent areas.[68]

Courts of law and legal enforcement

All types of courts in Kuala Terengganu can be found in Jalan Sultan Mohamad. The High Court, Sessions Court, and the Magistrate Court are housed under one building complex. Another type of court, the Syariah Court is situated not far from the Terengganu Courts Complex.[69][70]

The headquarters of Terengganu Police Contingent and the Kuala Terengganu District Police Contingent are at Jalan Sultan Omar. Other small police stations are located in and around the two districts that make up the city. There is no prison complex in the district, but temporary lock-up cells are to be found in most police stations here.[71] The main fire station is at Jalan Kemajuan, near Bukit Kecil. This is the biggest fire station in Kuala Terengganu. Another fire station is located just beside Pasar Payang in the city centre.[72]

The headquarters of the Malaysian Civil Defence Force, the civil defence services agency in Malaysia, is at Jalan Lapangan Terbang, near to Terengganu Sports Complex.[73] The 18th Battalion of the Royal Malay Regiment has its camp in the northern part of the district at Kem Sri Pantai in Seberang Takir, near to the airport and Teluk Ketapan Beach. The camp is currently undergoing restoration and upgrading processes.[74][75]

Healthcare

Unlike other major cities, Kuala Terengganu does not have a lot of hospitals. The main hospital is Sultanah Nur Zahirah Hospital (HSNZ), formerly known as Kuala Terengganu General Hospital, the largest hospital in the state with 821 beds. This is a public government hospital that began to provide its services during the 1920s.[76]

Kuala Terengganu Specialist Hospital is the first and largest private hospital in the state, operating since September 2006.[77] There are other types of clinics such as private and public health clinics, village clinics, and 1Malaysia clinics operating in the district.[78]

Religious Institutions

There are no shortages of mosques or Muslim prayer buildings, the most famous among these religious buildings and are considered as tourist attractions are Abidin Mosque, and Tengku Tengah Zaharah Mosque. There are two Buddhist temples, Ho Ann Kiong Temple and Tien Hou Kong Temple nearby Chinatown, Kuala Terengganu. Two Presbyterian churches, the largest being Jalan Air Jerneh Presbyterian Church and another one in Chinatown,[79] and an Anglican church known as St Andrew's Church can also be found in the city.[80] For Hindu adherents, there is temple that is known as Sri Kali Yuga Durga Lakshmi Aman Temple, located in Jalan Cherong Lanjut.[81]

Education

The administration building of Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin in its Gong Badak Campus.

Kuala Terengganu is the centre of tertiary education in the state. There are three public universities here, and they are Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin (with two of its three campuses in Kuala Terengganu City Council area), Universiti Malaysia Terengganu (in Kuala Nerus district),[82] and Universiti Teknologi MARA Chendering campus.[83] Other tertiary education institute are Insitut Teknologi Petronas, Kuala Terengganu Community College, Politeknik Kuala Terengganu, and others. There is one institute of teacher education in Kuala Terengganu, that is Institut Pendidikan Guru Kampus Dato' Razali Ismail.[84]

Similar to other Malaysian schools, non-tertiary education in the city is divided into four levels: pre-school, primary, secondary (lower and upper) and post-secondary. There are 81 primary schools and 34 secondary schools in Kuala Terengganu. Among the examples of secondary schools are SMK Chung Hwa Wei Sin, Sekolah Berasrama Penuh Integrasi Batu Rakit, Sekolah Menengah Imtiaz Kuala Nerus, SMK Agama Sheikh Abdul Malek, SMKA Tok Jiring, Sekolah Menengah Sains Sultan Mahmud, and SMK Sultan Sulaiman.[85]

Libraries

The Terengganu State Library is located at Jalan Kemajuan, near the southern end of Sultan Mahmud Bridge, and is the largest library of the state. As a major public library of Terengganu, it is the main information resource centre and provides information services for the users from all sectors and ages. Other libraries or private libraries can be found in schools, colleges, or universities. Other than the state library, smaller village libraries are also available in Seberang Takir, Mengabang Telipot, Tepuh, and Atas Tol.[86][87]

Tourism and Culture

Attractions and recreation spots

Historical

The Terengganu State Museum, the largest museum complex in South East Asia, with an area of 27 hectares, is located in Kampung Losong. The architecture is based on the traditional Terengganu Malay house known as rumah tele. It has eight different galleries and other open air exhibits such as Petronas Gallery, Maritime Gallery, Islam Gallery, exhibits of traditional Terengganuese houses, and many others. The museum is also the home of the Terengganu Inscription Stone, the oldest artefact with Jawi writing in this country.[88]

Near the museum is Islamic Heritage Park (Malay: Taman Tamadun Islam). This park is an educational entertainment park that showcases various replicas of famous mosque from all over the world. This includes Al-Masjid al-Haram, Qol Sharif Mosque, and Masjid Negara. The Crystal Mosque is also located here. Boat cruise along Terengganu River is also provided for visitors.[89][90]

Near the heart of the city is a small hill known as Bukit Puteri. The hill is about 200 metres high and it is located near the banks of Terengganu River. Because of its strategic location in Kuala Terengganu, it was used as a fortification by the sultans of the state. Old artefacts and monuments can be found on top of the hill. During the holy month of Ramadan, a century-old brass bell known as genta will be rung to signify that it is time for iftar, or the end of the fasting on that day.[91]

Cultural

The shophouses of Chinatown.

Chinatown (Malay: Kampung Cina, Simplified Chinese: 唐人坡, local pronunciation: Teng-lang-po) is one of the main attractions. This settlement is a row of shophouses from the prewar era, with some of them dating back from the 1700s. Most of the houses are 2 stories high, mainly made of bricks or concrete, with wooden flooring for the second storey. Some have kept the intricate wood carving windows, huge heavy wooden front doors, and olden plaques. The centuries-old buildings now consists of sundry shops, local coffee shops, offices, souvenir shops, restaurants, kopitiam, and other services. It is home to two Chinese temples, Ho Ann Kiong and Tien Hou Kong, which was built in 1801 and 1896. Another landmark is the 19th-century Low Tiey water well, erected in 1875. After years and years, it still supplies clean water to Chinatown's residents. Many of the buildings here have undergone restoration or beautification programmes to make them more appealing, but without destroying the heritage value.[92] The recent attractions in Kampung China are its back alleys, many of which are transformed into thematic lanes containing various information, decorations and murals.[93]

Bazaar Warisan contains vendors selling traditional fabrics such as batik and songket

Pasar Besar Kedai Payang or Central Market (more commonly known as Pasar Payang) is the main market of the city. This double-storey building houses different kinds of goods, ranging from fresh produce, poultry, sea products, traditional delicacies, home products, clothes, and handicrafts such as batik, songket, and brassware.[94]

Pulau Duyong is a river island located at the Terengganu River estuary. It is popularly known for its traditional boat making activities.[95] Pulau Duyong also contains a historical monument known as Kota Lama Duyong (Duyong Old Fort). It is a traditional Malay house built with local and European elements.[96][97][98]

Leisure

The Floating Mosque.
Batu Buruk Beach.

Kuala Terengganu has various places for recreation. Amongst the most prominent one is Batu Buruk Beach, located not far from the city centre. The beach has many amenities and facilities for the visitors. They can go for many activities at the beach such as horse riding, a horse carriage ride and kite flying.[99][100][101] However, visitors are not recommended to swim in the waters there because of strong waves. Taman Shahbandar is also a popular recreation place in Kuala Terengganu. It is located by the Terengganu River estuary. Taman Shahbandar is located close to other famous attractions in Kuala Terengganu such as Pasar Payang, Bukit Puteri and Istana Maziah. Other recreation places in Kuala Terengganu are:

Other sights

Redang Island is one of the major tourism islands in Malaysia. Located about 45 kilometres from the Kuala Terengganu city proper, this island (which is a part of a marine park) offers visitors activities such as snorkelling, swimming, scuba-diving, jungle trekking, boating and canoeing.[104][105][106]

The Abidin Mosque is Kuala Terengganu's old state royal mosque built by Sultan Zainal Abidin II between 1793 and 1808. It is popularly known as Masjid Putih (White Mosque). The mosque is also the location of the Royal Mausoleum.[107]

Seberang Takir is a fishing village situated on the northern bank of Terengganu River estuary and can be easily reached by using the bot penambang from Kuala Terengganu jetty. Here, visitors can see for themselves many cottage industries such as the producing of keropok lekor (a local fish cracker), batik printing, and drying salted fish, and the making of belacan (shrimp paste).[108][109][110]

Food

Kuala Terengganu is famous for its keropok lekor Losong, a traditional delicacy made from fish, and other traditional dishes such as nasi dagang, laksam, laksa Terengganu, otak-otak, sata, pulut lepa, ketupat sotong, and roti paun.[111][112]

Media

Telecommunication towers on the top of Bukit Besar.

Television and radio

Kuala Terengganu receives almost all of Malaysian terrestrial television channels. Among the terrestrial television stations that the city receives are TV1, TV2, TV3, NTV7, TV9, and TV Alhijrah. Most radio stations in Malaysia are also available here. The state's radio station, Terengganu FM, the Terengganu feed of the national private radio station, Hot FM Teganu, and first private radio station in the East Coast region, Manis FM, are also operated from this city.[113][114]

Newspapers

Among the major newspapers in Malaysia that are available in Kuala Terengganu are:

Local newspaper companies also exist. The most widely-circulated is Sinar Harian, which provides regional and local news based on its regional editions.

Sports

There are two main stadiums, Sultan Ismail Nasiruddin Shah Stadium at the city centre, and Sultan Mizan Zainal Abidin Stadium located at Terengganu Sports Complex, Gong Badak. Both stadiums are the homes of the state's two football teams, Terengganu FA, and T-Team FC.[115]

The sports complex was purposely built for the 2008 Malaysian Games (Malay: Sukan Malaysia or SUKMA). Besides the main stadium, it also have other facilities such as the Indoor Stadium, football fields, a rugby field, a lawn bowls field, a hockey pitch, and bowling lanes. A sport school to search for new generation athletes is being built to make full use of the facilities provided.[116][117] Other venues catered for sports in Terengganu are, among others, Kuala Terengganu Aquatic Centre, Kuala Terengganu Hockey Stadium, Kuala Terengganu Tennis Courts, and Kuala Terengganu Lawn Bowls Fields.

There are three golf courses in Kuala Terengganu, namely the Royal Terengganu Golf Club in Batu Buruk, Ibai Golf & Counry Resort in Kuala Ibai, and Kuala Terengganu Golf Resort in Tok Jembal.[118]

Monsoon Cup

The Monsoon Cup is an annual event on the Alpari World Match Racing Tour calendar. It is also widely considered as the most formidable leg of the Tour. As the final event of the season, it sees the conclusion of an adrenaline fuelled tournament with the crowning of the tour winner with the premier 'match racing' prize being the 'ISAF World Match Racing Champion. The match racing sport differs from other sailing disciplines in that the boats race one-on-one in supplied racing yachts. The yachts supplied for the Monsoon Cup are Foundation 36 type racing yachts.

The venue for the cup is Pulau Duyong. The Monsoon Cup has helped modernise the island from a sleepy fishing and boat-making village into a modern international-class resort and marina complete with boat repairing facilities. It also serves as the launching pad for the development in the state and to create economic opportunities in services and manufacturing sectors related to the event. Amongst the businesses that benefited from this event were the hoteliers, restaurateurs, traditional boat-makers, food suppliers as well as tourist related industries such as the arts and crafts, textiles and souvenirs.[119]

References

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 The total population and total area also includes the population and area for the district of Kuala Nerus, which was a part of the district of Kuala Terengganu, but Kuala Nerus is still under the jurisdiction of Kuala Terengganu City Council.
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 "Total Population by Ethnic Group, Local and State Authority Area, Malaysia, 2010". Kuala Terengganu City Council. Retrieved 7 April 2015.
  3. ↑ David Bowden (9 April 2013). "The East Coast of Malaysia, an Enchanting Encounter". Expat Go Malaysia. Retrieved 25 March 2015.
  4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 "Data Asas dan Sejarah Ringkas Negeri Terengganu Darul Iman" (in Malay). Department of Survey and Mapping Malaysia (JUPEM). Archived from the original on 8 June 2007. Retrieved 21 March 2007.
  5. ↑ "Sejarah Ringkas Negeri Terengganu (Asal Usul Nama Terengganu)" (in Malay). Sultan of Terengganu. Archived from the original on 7 April 2015. Retrieved 7 April 2015.
  6. ↑ 6.0 6.1 Nazarudin Zainun; Nasha Rodziadi Khaw; Tarmiji Masron; Zulkifli Jaafar (2009). "Hubungan Ufti Tan-Tan dan P'an-P'an dengan China pada Zaman Dinasti Sui dan Tang: Satu Analisis Ekonomi" (PDF) (in Malay). Beijing Foreign Studies University, University of Malaya. Retrieved 7 April 2015.
  7. ↑ Paul Wheatley (1980). The Golden Khersonese: Studies in the Historical Geography of the Malay Peninsula Before A.D. 1500. University Malaya.
  8. ↑ George Cœdès (1968). The Indianized States of South-East Asia. University of Hawaii Press. pp. 52–. ISBN 978-0-8248-0368-1.
  9. ↑ Friedrich Hirth; W.W. Rockhill (1911). "Chau Ju-kua: On The Chinese and Arab Trade in the twelfth and thirteenth Centuries, entitled Chu-fan-chi". University of Hong Kong Libraries. p. 62. Retrieved 19 October 2014.
  10. ↑ Journal of the Malaysian Branch of the Royal Asiatic Society. Malaysian Branch of the Royal Asiatic Society. 1992.
  11. ↑ Encyclopaedia Britannica, Inc. (1 March 2009). Britannica Guide to the Islamic World. Encyclopaedia Britannica, Inc. pp. 380–. ISBN 978-1-59339-849-1.
  12. ↑ 12.0 12.1 "Sejarah Ringkas Negeri Terengganu (Kesultanan Terengganu)" (in Malay). Sultan of Terengganu. Archived from the original on 7 April 2015. Retrieved 7 April 2015.
  13. ↑ Maznah Mohamad (1996). The Malay Handloom Weavers: A Study of the Rise and Decline of Traditional Manufacture. Institute of Southeast Asian Studies. pp. 89–. ISBN 978-981-3016-99-6.
  14. ↑ Yow Cheun Hoe (26 June 2013). Guangdong and Chinese Diaspora: The Changing Landscape of Qiaoxiang. Routledge. pp. 44–. ISBN 978-1-136-17119-2.
  15. ↑ 15.0 15.1 "The Attack on Tringanu". The Straits Times. National Library Board. 22 August 1863. p. 1. Retrieved 7 April 2015.
  16. ↑ Webster, Anthony (1998). Gentlemen Capitalists: British Imperialism in South East Asia 1770-1890. London: Tauris Academic Studies. p. 174. ISBN 1-86064-171-7.
  17. ↑ "Letters Respecting The Tringanu Question". The Straits Times. National Library Board. 27 February 1864. p. 40.
  18. ↑ Charles Burton Buckley (1902). "An Anecdotal History of Old Times in Singapore..., Volume II". Singapore: Fraser & Neave, Limited. pp. 692–693. Retrieved 7 April 2015.
  19. ↑ "The Proceedings at Tringanu". The Straits Times. National Library Board. 19 March 1864. p. 1. Retrieved 7 April 2015.
  20. ↑ "Common Sittings of 10 July 1863: The Attack on Tringanu" 172. Hansard 1803-2005. 10 July 1863. pp. 586–93. Retrieved 7 April 2015.
  21. ↑ "Untitled". The Straits Times. National Library Board. 31 August 1883. p. 2. Retrieved 7 April 2015.
  22. ↑ The Architectural Heritage of the Malay World: The Traditional Houses. Penerbit Universiti Teknologi Malaysia. 2005. p. 73. ISBN 983-52-0357-1.
  23. ↑ "Istana-Istana Negeri Terengganu (Istana Maziah)" (in Malay). Sultan of Terengganu. Archived from the original on 7 April 2015. Retrieved 7 April 2015.
  24. ↑ Barbara Watson Andaya; Leonard Y. Andaya (15 September 1984). A History of Malaysia. Palgrave Macmillan. pp. 65–. ISBN 978-0-312-38121-9.
  25. ↑ "Declaration of Independence of Malaya". National Archives of Malaysia. 16 September 1963. Retrieved 24 March 2015.
  26. ↑ "Hari Malaysia". Bernama (in Malay). Department of Information, Ministry of Communications and Multimedia. Archived from the original on 8 April 2015. Retrieved 24 March 2015.
  27. ↑ 27.0 27.1 "Background - Kuala Terengganu City Council". Kuala Terengganu City Council. Archived from the original on 8 April 2015. Retrieved 24 March 2015.
  28. ↑ "Peta Kawasan (Kawasan Parlimen Negeri Terengganu)" (in Malay). State Legislative Assembly of Terengganu. Retrieved 15 March 2015.
  29. ↑ 29.0 29.1 29.2 29.3 29.4 29.5 Morfologi Bandar Kuala Terengganu (Report). Department of Town and Village Planning of Peninsular Malaysia, Ministry of Housing and Local Government. December 2009.
  30. ↑ R.S.N. Murali (1 January 2008). "Kuala Terengganu declared a city". The Star. Retrieved 23 March 2015.
  31. ↑ "Kuala Terengganu diisytihar bandar raya" (in Malay). Utusan Malaysia. 1 January 2008. Retrieved 23 March 2015.
  32. ↑ 32.0 32.1 Ong Han Sean (19 September 2014). "Kuala Nerus is newest T’ganu district". The Star. Retrieved 15 March 2015.
  33. ↑ "Functions". Kuala Terengganu City Council. Archived from the original on 8 April 2015. Retrieved 23 March 2015.
  34. ↑ "Kuala Nerus declared eighth district in Terengganu". Bernama. The Rakyat Post. 18 September 2014. Retrieved 15 March 2015.
  35. ↑ "Total Population by Ethnic Group, Sub-district and State, Malaysia, 2010". Kuala Terengganu City Council. Archived from the original on 8 April 2015. Retrieved 22 March 2015.
  36. ↑ Joshua B. Fisher; Rizwan Nawaz; Rosmadi Fauzi; Faiza Nawaz; Eran Sadek Said Md Sadek; Zulkiflee Abdul Latif; Matthew Blackett (30 May 2008). "Balancing water, religion and tourism on Redang Island, Malaysia" (PDF). Environmental Change Institute - School of Geography and the Environment - Oxford University, HydroRisk Ltd - Leeds University Union - University of Leeds, Department of Geography University of Malaya, Department of Surveying Science and Geomatics, Universiti Teknologi MARA and Department of Geography, King’s College London. IOP Publishing Ltd. p. 1. doi:10.1088/1748-9326/3/2/024005. Retrieved 9 April 2015.
  37. ↑ "Terengganu". Department of Marine Park Malaysia - Terengganu. 30 July 2012. Archived from the original on 9 April 2015. Retrieved 23 March 2015.
  38. ↑ Kamal Roslan Mohamed. "Stratigrafi Malaysia - Terengganu" (PDF). UKM Geologist (in Malay). National University of Malaysia. p. 1. Retrieved 23 March 2015.
  39. ↑ "Terengganu weather forecast, climate, monsoon, raining season". Terengganu Tourism. Archived from the original on 9 April 2015. Retrieved 15 March 2015.
  40. ↑ "General Climate of Malaysia". Malaysian Meteorological Department. Archived from the original on 9 April 2015. Retrieved 15 March 2015.
  41. ↑ 41.0 41.1 Newbold, Thomas John. Political and Statistical Account of the British Settlements in the Strait of Malacca, viz. Pinang, Malacca and Singapore: with a History of the Malayan States on the Peninsula, Volume II. pp. 62–63.
  42. ↑ "The East Coast of Malaya". The Straits Times. National Library Board. 12 August 1903. p. 2. Retrieved 9 April 2015.
  43. ↑ 43.0 43.1 Earl, George Windsor (1837). The Eastern Seas or Voyages and Adventures in the Indian Archipelago. pp. 184–185.
  44. ↑ 44.0 44.1 Sweeney, Amin (2005). Karya Lengkap Abdullah bin Kadir Munsyi (in Malay). Jakarta. pp. 116–117. ISBN 979-91-0029-1.
  45. ↑ "Jumlah penduduk mengikut kumpulan etnik, mukim dan negeri, Malaysia, 2010" (PDF). Department of Statistics, Malaysia. Retrieved 17 June 2012.
  46. ↑ Hugh Clifford (1897). "In Court and Kampong: Being Tales and Sketches of Native Life in the Malay Peninsula". London: University of California, Grant Richards. p. 148. Retrieved 9 April 2015.
  47. ↑ The Asiatic Journal and Monthly Register of British and Foreign India, China, and Australasia, Volume IX. London: Parbury, Allen, and Co. 1832. p. 175.
  48. ↑ Horsburgh, James (1827). India Directory, Or Directions for Sailing to and from the East Indies, China, New Holland, Cape of Good Hope, Brazil and the Interjacent Ports, Volume 2. Kingsburg. pp. 255–256.
  49. ↑ Newbold, Thomas John. Political and Statistical Account of the British Settlements in the Strait of Malacca, viz. Pinang, Malacca and Singapore: with a History of the Malayan States on the Peninsula, Volume 1. pp. 355–356.
  50. ↑ Newbold, Thomas John. Political and Statistical Account of the British Settlements in the Strait of Malacca, viz. Pinang, Malacca and Singapore: with a History of the Malayan States on the Peninsula, Volume 2. pp. 62–63.
  51. ↑ The Penny Cyclopaedia of the Society for the Diffusion of Useful Knowledge: Sigonio - Steam-Vessel, Volume 22. Charles Knight and Co. pp. 42–44.
  52. ↑ Newbold, Thomas John. Political and Statistical Account of the British Settlements in the Strait of Malacca, viz. Pinang, Malacca and Singapore: with a History of the Malayan States on the Peninsula, Volume I. pp. 424–425.
  53. ↑ The Asiatic Journal and Monthly Register for British and Foreign India, China and Australasia, Volume XII. London: Parbury, Allen, and Co. 1833. p. 100.
  54. ↑ The Asiatic Journal and Monthly Register of British India and its Depenencies, Volume XXII. London. 1826. pp. 91–92.
  55. ↑ "Pelancongan jadi tulang belakang Terengganu" (in Malay). Utusan Malaysia. 6 January 2013. Retrieved 30 March 2015.
  56. ↑ "World of Architecture: Traditional Terengganu Malay House". Blogger. 21 March 2011. Retrieved 15 March 2015.
  57. ↑ "Kuala Terengganu Terminal (MPKT)". Express Bus Malaysia. Archived from the original on 9 April 2015. Retrieved 25 March 2015.
  58. ↑ "Cas Ligas Sdn. Bhd." (in Malay). Casligas. Archived from the original on 9 April 2015. Retrieved 15 March 2015.
  59. ↑ "Pemilik Beca, Bot Penambang Di Terengganu Terima Insentif RM200 Sebulan" (in Malay). Bernama. 18 March 2015. Archived from the original on 18 March 2015. Retrieved 23 March 2015.
  60. ↑ Norhafiza Musa (14 June 2014). "'Tak ramai minat naik beca'" (in Malay). Sinar Harian. Retrieved 23 March 2015.
  61. ↑ "Directory for Taxis". Land Public Transport Commission. Archived from the original on 9 April 2015. Retrieved 25 March 2015.
  62. ↑ "Kumpulan pertama 276 jemaah haji pantai timur berlepas ke Madinah" (in Malay). Berita Harian. 8 September 2014. Archived from the original on 9 April 2015. Retrieved 25 March 2015.
  63. ↑ "Sultan Mahmud Airport (Kuala Terengganu)". Malaysia Airports. 10 January 2015. Archived from the original on 9 April 2015. Retrieved 25 March 2015.
  64. ↑ Alif Abu Bakar. "Survival bot penambang Kuala Terengganu" (in Malay). Kosmo!. Archived from the original on 9 April 2015. Retrieved 15 March 2015.
  65. ↑ "Pengusaha bot penambang resah" (in Malay). Sinar Harian. 10 September 2013. Retrieved 15 March 2015.
  66. ↑ "Boat and Ferry". Redang Island. Archived from the original on 9 April 2015. Retrieved 25 March 2015.
  67. ↑ "Contacting the Bank". Bank Negara Malaysia. 26 January 2015. Archived from the original on 11 April 2015. Retrieved 11 April 2015.
  68. ↑ "Search Bank Branch, ATM, Cash Deposit Machine, Cheque Deposit Machine, Passbook Update Machine, Bank Internet Kiosk, Safe Deposit Box and Bureau de Change or Money Changer in Malaysia". Savers Hub. Retrieved 11 April 2015.
  69. ↑ "Kuala Terengganu Court Address and Location" (in Malay and English). Terengganu Law Courts. 13 April 2011. Archived from the original on 9 April 2015. Retrieved 25 March 2015.
  70. ↑ "Contact Us" (in Malay and English). Department of Syariah Judiciary State of Terengganu. Archived from the original on 9 April 2015. Retrieved 25 March 2015.
  71. ↑ "Direktori PDRM Terengganu - Kuala Terengganu" (in Malay). Royal Malaysia Police. Archived from the original on 9 April 2015. Retrieved 25 March 2015.
  72. ↑ "Direktori Pegawai (Terengganu)" (in Malay). Malaysian Fire and Rescue Department. 26 March 2015. Archived from the original on 9 April 2015. Retrieved 26 March 2015.
  73. ↑ "JPAM Terengganu" (in Malay). Malaysian Civil Defence Department. 8 January 2015. Archived from the original on 9 April 2015. Retrieved 25 March 2015.
  74. ↑ "Kem Seri Pantai berubah wajah" (in Malay). Sinar Harian. 27 December 2011. Retrieved 15 March 2015.
  75. ↑ "Kem Seberang Takir berubah wajah" (in Malay). Utusan Malaysia. 14 January 2015. Retrieved 25 March 2015.
  76. ↑
  77. ↑ "Service Without Boundary". Kuala Terengganu Specialist Hospital. Archived from the original on 9 April 2015. Retrieved 15 March 2015.
  78. ↑ "Direktori Klinik Kesihatan Daerah - Klinik Kesihatan Daerah Kuala Terengganu" (in Malay). Terengganu State Health Department. Retrieved 15 March 2015.
  79. ↑ "教堂 | GEREJA PRESBYTERIAN MALAYSIA 马来西亚基督教长老会". Gpm.org.my. 2014-10-02. Retrieved 2015-04-13.
  80. ↑ "Welcome to The Anglican Diocese of West Malaysia". Anglicanwestmalaysia.org.my. 2008-09-06. Retrieved 2015-04-13.
  81. ↑ "Sri Kali Yuga Durga Lakshmi Amman Temple, Kuala Terengganu". Malaysian Temples. 2012-10-09. Retrieved 2015-04-13.
  82. ↑ Iswan Shafiq Mat Isa (21 November 2014). "Banjir semakin buruk" (in Malay). Utusan Malaysia. Retrieved 25 March 2015.
  83. ↑ "Anjung" (in Malay). Universiti Teknologi MARA (Terengganu). Retrieved 25 March 2015.
  84. ↑ "Laman Utama" (in Malay). Institut Pendidikan Guru Kampus Dato' Razali Ismail. Retrieved 30 March 2015.
  85. ↑ "SENARAI SEKOLAH MENENGAH DI NEGERI TERENGGANU (List of Secondary Schools in Terengganu) – See Kuala Terengganu" (PDF). Educational Management Information System. Retrieved 9 April 2015.
  86. ↑ "Perpustakaan" (in Malay and English). Kuala Terengganu City Council. Archived from the original on 9 April 2015. Retrieved 25 March 2015.
  87. ↑ "Perpustakaan Negeri (Pusat) - Perpustakaan Negeri Terengganu" (in Malay). Terengganu Public Library. Archived from the original on 9 April 2015. Retrieved 25 March 2015.
  88. ↑ "Main Page". Terengganu Museum. Retrieved 15 March 2015.
  89. ↑ "Sungai Terengganu night river cruise a runaway success". The Sun. 22 May 2014. Retrieved 25 March 2015.
  90. ↑ Norhaspida Yatim (1 March 2015). "Caj masuk TTI lebih murah" (in Malay). Sinar Harian. Retrieved 25 March 2015.
  91. ↑ "Bukit Puteri". National Archives of Malaysia. Archived from the original on 9 April 2015. Retrieved 9 April 2015.
  92. ↑ Farik Zolkepli (14 August 2012). "Kuala Terengganu Chinatown a tourist draw". The Star. Retrieved 15 March 2015.
  93. ↑ Joseph Kaos Jr (30 June 2014). "Terengganu’s unlikely tourist spots". The Star. Retrieved 15 March 2015.
  94. ↑ "Pasar Payang". Tourism Malaysia. Archived from the original on 9 April 2015. Retrieved 15 March 2015.
  95. ↑ Jennee Grace U. Rubrico (26 March 2015). "Terengganu’s understated charms". BusinessWorld. Retrieved 10 April 2015.
  96. ↑ "Kota Lama Duyung". Visit Terengganu. Archived from the original on 9 April 2015. Retrieved 24 March 2015.
  97. ↑ Malaysia East Coast Region. Tourism Malaysia. April 2011.
  98. ↑ Malaysia Visitors Guide 2015 (26th Edition). Tourism Publications Corporation. 2015.
  99. ↑ "Pantai Batu Buruk (Beach)". Backpacking Malaysia. Archived from the original on 9 April 2015. Retrieved 27 February 2015.
  100. ↑ "Pantai Batu Burok lokasi 'wajib singgah'" (in Malay). Sinar Harian. 2 August 2014. Retrieved 9 April 2015.
  101. ↑ 101.0 101.1 Open Spaces in Urban Malaysia (Report). Department of Town and Country Planning, Ministry of Housing and Local Government. 2005.
  102. ↑ "Floating Mosque (Masjid Tengku Tengah Zaharah)". Backpacking Malaysia. Archived from the original on 9 April 2015. Retrieved 27 February 2015.
  103. ↑ "Bina taman rakyat di Teluk Ketapang" (in Malay). Sinar Harian. 4 March 2015. Retrieved 24 March 2015.
  104. ↑ Khairul Ashraf Kammed (20 November 2014). "Beautiful beaches of Malaysia". New Straits Times. Retrieved 25 March 2015.
  105. ↑ "Pulau Redang". Tourism Malaysia. Archived from the original on 9 April 2015. Retrieved 25 March 2015.
  106. ↑ "Redang Island". Wonderful Malaysia. Archived from the original on 9 April 2015. Retrieved 25 March 2015.
  107. ↑ "Masjid Putih" (in Malay). Visit Terengganu. Archived from the original on 9 April 2015. Retrieved 25 March 2015.
  108. ↑ "Perkampungan Nelayan Seberang Takir" (in Malay). Visit Terengganu. Archived from the original on 9 April 2015. Retrieved 25 March 2015.
  109. ↑ "Kuala Terengganu". Terengganu Tourism. Archived from the original on 9 April 2015. Retrieved 25 March 2015.
  110. ↑ Shaifudin Mohd. Nor. "Belacan segar Seberang Takir" (in Malay). Kosmo!. Archived from the original on 9 April 2015. Retrieved 25 March 2015.
  111. ↑ "Local Delicacy & Traditional Cuisine". Terengganu Tourism. Archived from the original on 9 April 2015. Retrieved 15 March 2015.
  112. ↑ "Overview of Terengganu Food". Street Director. Retrieved 25 March 2015.
  113. ↑ "Ke Pantai Timur" (in Malay). Harian Metro. 27 November 2011. Archived from the original on 9 April 2015. Retrieved 25 March 2015.
  114. ↑ "Manis FM (Radio Kita...Pilihan Pantai Timur)" (in Malay). Manis FM. Retrieved 30 March 2015.
  115. ↑ "Stadiums in Malaysia". World Stadiums. Archived from the original on 9 April 2015. Retrieved 24 March 2015.
  116. ↑ "Current News". Terengganu Sport Council. Archived from the original on 9 April 2015. Retrieved 15 March 2015.
  117. ↑ "Sekolah Sukan Terengganu Mula Ambil Pelajar Tahun Depan" (in Malay). Bernama. 18 June 2014. Retrieved 15 March 2015.
  118. ↑ "Kuala Terengganu Golf Sites". Swing by Swing. Retrieved 25 March 2015.
  119. ↑ "Monsoon Cup Malaysia". Monsoon Cup. Retrieved 25 March 2015.

External links

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Kuala Terengganu.
Wikivoyage has a travel guide for Kuala Terengganu.