Koonwarra, Victoria

Koonwarra
Victoria
Koonwarra

Location in South Gippsland Shire

Coordinates 38°32′50″S 145°56′49″E / 38.54722°S 145.94694°ECoordinates: 38°32′50″S 145°56′49″E / 38.54722°S 145.94694°E
Population 385 (2011 census)[1]
Postcode(s) 3954
LGA(s) South Gippsland Shire
State electorate(s) Gippsland South
Federal Division(s) McMillan

Koonwarra is a town in the South Gippsland region of Victoria, Australia. At the 2011 census, Koonwarra had a population of 385.[1] The town straddles the South Gippsland Highway.[2] Located around 128 km southeast of Melbourne, the town was served by rail from the 1890s until 1991 with the closing of the rail line to Barry Beach.[3]

Koonwarra fossil bed

The Koonwarra fossil bed was found by accident in 1961 during roadworks to realign a segment of the South Gippsland Highway. Dating from the early Cretaceous 115 million years ago, they are composed of mudstone sediment thought to have been laid down in a freshwater (possibly cool-climate subalpine) lake.The site is an important element of Australia's fossil record, with plants, insects (including mayflies, dragonflies, cockroaches, beetles, fleas, flies and wasps), spiders, crustaceans and fish recovered.[4] Among them is the unusual finding of a fossil horseshoe crab described as Victalimulus mcqueeni.[5] Small segments of a leafy twig have been recovered that were thought to be one of the oldest angiosperms (flowering plants) discovered; more recent examination reports anatomy more typical of a gnetophyte, a group of organisms for which there is a scant fossil record.[6] A fossil member of the Ginkgo family, Ginkgoites australis, has also been recovered.[7]

Six well-preserved feathers have been recovered, indicating more complete remains of feathered dinosaurs might be found, however the site has been little-excavated, extensive removal of overlying rock has to take place before further excavation.[8]

References

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 Australian Bureau of Statistics (31 October 2012). "Koonwarra (State Suburb)". 2011 Census QuickStats. Retrieved 1 December 2014.
  2. ↑ Wheeler, Donna (2008). Discover Melbourne & Victoria. Lonely Planet. p. 278. ISBN 9781741048629.
  3. ↑ Prom Country Regional Tourism Inc. (2012). "Koonwarra". Visit Prom Country. South Gippsland Shire Council. Retrieved 22 November 2014.
  4. ↑ "Koonwarra fossil bed". Treasures: Museum Victoria Celebrates 150 Years. Museum Victoria. 2004. Retrieved 22 November 2014.
  5. ↑ Riek, E.F.; Gill, E.D. (1971). "A new xiphosuran genus from Lower Cretaceous freshwater sediments at Koonwarra, Victoria, Australia" (PDF). Palaeontology 14 (2): 206–10.
  6. ↑ V.A. Krassilov, D.L. Dilcher, J.G. Douglas (1998). "New ephedroid plant from the Lower Cretaceous Koonwarra Fossil Bed, Victoria, Australia" (PDF). Alcheringa: An Australasian Journal of Palaeontology 22 (2): 123–33. doi:10.1080/03115519808619195.
  7. ↑ Jones, Robert (16 July 2009). "Fossil: Ginkgo Tree: Ginkgoites australis". Nature Culture Discover. Australian Museum. Retrieved 21 November 2014.
  8. ↑ Piper, Kylie (11 November 2010). "Discovering the dinosaurs Down Under". Australian Geographic. ninemsn. Retrieved 22 November 2014.