Khorasani Turkic language

Khorasani Turkic
Xorasan Türkcǝsi
Native to Iran
Region north Khorasan Province, Razavi Khorasan Province
Native speakers
 1 million  (1993)[1][2]
Turkic

  • Oghuz

    • Eastern Oghuz
      • Khorasani Turkic
        Xorasan Türkcǝsi
Language codes
ISO 639-3 kmz
Glottolog khor1269[3]

Khorasani Turkic (Xorasan Türkçesi, Persian: ترکی خراسانی‎, Torki-e Khorasani), or Qizilbash Turkic, is a language variety in the Turkic language family. It is spoken in northern North Khorasan Province and Razavi Khorasan Province in Iran. Most Khorasani Turkic speakers can also speak Persian.[4]

Geographic distribution

Turkic people in North khorasan region (North Khorasan and Razavi Khorasan provinces); without Turic people that live in west and south counties of khorasan region (Nishapur County, Sabzevar County etc.)

Khorasani Turkic is spoken in the Iranian provinces of North Khorasan, near Bojnourd, and Razavi Khorasan, near Sabzevar, Quchan. If the Oghuz dialect of Uzbek is considered a dialect of Khorasani Turkic, its range extends into western Uzbekistan.

Dialects

Khorasani Turkic is split into North, South, and West dialects. The northern dialect is spoken in North Khorasan near Quchan; the southern in Soltanabad near Sabzevar; the western around Bojnourd.

Classification and related languages

Khorasani Turkic belongs to the Oghuz group of Turkic languages, which also includes Turkish, Azerbaijani, Gagauz, Balkan Gagauz Turkish, Turkmen, and Salar, as well as the Oghuz dialect spoken in Uzbekistan. Khorasani Turkish is most closely related to Oghuz Uzbek and Turkmen and is close to the Azerbaijani dialects spoken in Iran. It is linguistically between Azerbaijani and Turkmen, but it is not a dialect of either.[5]

Sounds

Consonants

Consonant phonemes
  Labial Alveolar Palatal Velar Uvular Glottal
Plosive p b t d     k ɡ q      
Affricate         t͡ʃ d͡ʒ            
Fricative f v s z ʃ   x ɣ     h  
Nasal m n ɲ ŋ        
Flap     r                
Lateral     l                
Approximant         j            

Vowels

Morphology

Nouns

Pluralization

Pluralization is marked on nouns with the suffix -lAr, which has the two forms -lar and -lær, depending on vowel harmony.

Case

Nouns in Khorasani Turkish take a number of case endings that change based on vowel harmony and whether they follow a vowel or a consonant:

CaseAfter VowelsAfter Consonants
Nominative No Ending
Genitive niŋ/nin iŋ/in
Dative ya/yæ a/æ
Accusative ni/nɯ i/ɯ
Locative da/dæ
Ablative dan/dæn
Instrumental nan/næn

Possession

Possession is marked with a suffix on the possessed noun.

Singular Plural
First Person (I)m (I)mIz
Second Person (I)ŋ (I)ŋIz
Third Person (s)I lArI

Pronouns

Khorasani Turkish has six personal pronouns. Occasionally, personal pronouns take different case endings from regular nouns.

Singular Plural
First Person mæn bɯz
Second Person sæn siz
Third Person o olar

Verbs

Verbs are declined for tense, aspect, mood, person, and number. The infinitive form of the verb ends in -max.

Examples

Excerpt from Tulu (1989) p. 90
Translation IPA
Thus, there was a padishah named Ziyad. ɑl ɣəssa bir ziyæːd pæːdiʃæːhiː bæːɾɨdɨ
Almighty God had given him no son. xodɒːʷændi æːlæm ona hit͡ʃ ɔɣul ataː elæmɑmiʃdi
There he spoke to his vizier: "O Vizier, I have no son. What shall I do about it?" bæːdæn vaziːɾæ dədi, ej vaziːɾ, mændæ ki ɔɣul joxdɨ, mæn næ t͡ʃaːɾæ eylem
The vizier said: "Ruler of the whole world, what will you do with this possession?" vaziːɾ dədi, pɒːdiʃaː-i ɢɨblæ-ji ɒːlæm, sæn bu mɒːlɨ-æmwɒːlɨ næjlijæsæn

References

  1. ↑ Doerfer, G. & Hesche, W.1993. Chorasantürkisch, Wörterlisten, Kurzgrammatiken, İndices. (Turcologica 16.) Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz, pp. 7,14
  2. ↑ Encyclopædia Iranica :TURKIC LANGUAGES OF PERSIA: AN OVERVIEW
  3. ↑ Nordhoff, Sebastian; Hammarström, Harald; Forkel, Robert; Haspelmath, Martin, eds. (2013). "Khorasani Turkish". Glottolog. Leipzig: Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology.
  4. ↑ "Ethnologue report for Khorasani Turkish"
  5. ↑ Ethnologue

Tulu, Sultan (1989). Chorasantürkische Materialien aus Kalāt bei Esfarāyen. Berlin: Klaus Schwarz Verlag. ISBN 3-922968-88-0.

Doerfer, Gerhard; Hesche, Wolfram (1993). Chorasantürkisch: Wörterlisten, Kurzgrammatiken, Indices. Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz. ISBN 3-447-03320-7.

External links

Khorasani Turkic language test of Wikipedia at Wikimedia Incubator