Kholm, Kholmsky District, Novgorod Oblast

Kholm (English)
Холм (Russian)
-  Town[1]  -

Location of Novgorod Oblast in Russia
Kholm
Location of Kholm in Novgorod Oblast
Coordinates: 57°09′N 31°11′E / 57.150°N 31.183°ECoordinates: 57°09′N 31°11′E / 57.150°N 31.183°E
Coat of arms
Administrative status (as of April 2014)
Country Russia
Federal subject Novgorod Oblast[1]
Administrative district Kholmsky District[1]
Town of district significance Kholm[2]
Administrative center of Kholmsky District,[1] town of district significance of Kholm[2]
Municipal status (as of September 2010)
Municipal district Kholmsky Municipal District[3]
Urban settlement Kholmskoye Urban Settlement[4]
Administrative center of Kholmsky Municipal District,[3] Kholmskoye Urban Settlement[4]
Statistics
Population (2010 Census) 3,830 inhabitants[5]
Time zone MSK (UTC+03:00)[6]
First mentioned 1144[7]
Town status since 1777[7]
Previous names Kholmsky pogost (until 1777)
Postal code(s)[8] 175270, 175271
Kholm on WikiCommons

Kholm (Russian: Холм) is a town and the administrative center of Kholmsky District in Novgorod Oblast, Russia, located at the confluence of the Lovat and Kunya Rivers, 77 kilometers (48 mi) north of Toropets, 93 kilometers (58 mi) southwest of Staraya Russa, and 201 kilometres (125 mi) south of Veliky Novgorod, the administrative center of the oblast. Population: 3,830 (2010 Census);[5] 4,325 (2002 Census);[9] 4,849 (1989 Census).[10]

History

The Lovat River was a part of the trade route from the Varangians to the Greeks, one of the oldest trading routes passing through Rus'. The settlement was first mentioned in 1144[7] as Kholmsky pogost (Холмский погост). During the Middle Ages, the town, then a seat of the Princes of Kholm, withstood innumerable sieges by Lithuanians, Poles, and Swedes.

In 1777, it was elevated in status to that of an uyezd town[7] of Pskov Viceroyalty and given its present name. In 1796, it was transferred to Pskov Governorate.[7] In August 1927, the uyezds were abolished and, effective October 1, 1927, Kholmsky District was established, with the administrative center in Kholm.[11] Pskov Governorate was abolished as well and the district became a part of Velikiye Luki Okrug of Leningrad Oblast.[11] On June 3, 1929, Velikiye Luki Okrug was transferred to Western Oblast.[12] On July 23, 1930 the okrugs were abolished and the districts were directly subordinated to the oblast.[12] On January 29, 1935, the district became a part of the newly established Kalinin Oblast.

During World War II, it was occupied by the Wehrmacht from August 3, 1941 to February 21, 1944, when it was liberated. It was the scene of the Kholm Pocket from January 21 to May 5, 1942. The town was completely ruined and even now its current population is only a third of the pre-war one.

During the Kholm Pocket, 1942
Women transporting dead on sledges during the occupation of the town, May 1942

On July 5, 1944, the district was included in newly established Novgorod Oblast, but already on August 22, 1944 it was transferred to newly established Velikiye Luki Oblast.[13] On October 2, 1957, Velikiye Luki Oblast was abolished and Kholmsky District was transferred to Pskov Oblast.[14] On July 29, 1958, it was transferred to Novgorod Oblast and remained there ever since.[7][14]

Administrative and municipal status

Within the framework of administrative divisions, Kholm serves as the administrative center of Kholmsky District.[1] As an administrative division, it is incorporated within Kholmsky District as the town of district significance of Kholm.[2] As a municipal division, the town of district significance of Kholm is incorporated within Kholmsky Municipal District as Kholmskoye Urban Settlement.[4]

Economy

Industry

The economy of Kholm and its district is based on timber industry.[15]

Transportation

Kholm is connected by roads to Staraya Russa, to Bezhanitsy, to Demyansk via Maryovo, and to Toropets.

The Lovat and the Kunya Rivers are not navigable in Kholm.

Culture and recreation

Kholm contains eight monuments classified as cultural and historical heritage of local significance.[16] Seven of them are graves of and monuments to soldiers fallen in World War II, while the eighth one is an archaeological site.

In the dense woods and impracticable swamps to the west of Kholm lies the deserted Rdeysky Monastery.[17]

Kholm hosts the Kholmsky District Museum which was opened in 1983.[18]

References

Notes

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 Law #559-OZ
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 Resolution #121
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 Law #284-OZ
  4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2 Law #353-OZ
  5. ↑ 5.0 5.1 Russian Federal State Statistics Service (2011). "Всероссийская перепись населения 2010 года. Том 1" [2010 All-Russian Population Census, vol. 1]. Всероссийская перепись населения 2010 года (2010 All-Russia Population Census) (in Russian). Federal State Statistics Service. Retrieved June 29, 2012.
  6. ↑ Правительство Российской Федерации. Федеральный закон №107-ФЗ от 3 июня 2011 г. «Об исчислении времени», в ред. Федерального закона №248-ФЗ от 21 июля 2014 г. «О внесении изменений в Федеральный закон "Об исчислении времени"». Вступил в силу по истечении шестидесяти дней после дня официального опубликования (6 августа 2011 г.). Опубликован: "Российская газета", №120, 6 июня 2011 г. (Government of the Russian Federation. Federal Law #107-FZ of June 31, 2011 On Calculating Time, as amended by the Federal Law #248-FZ of July 21, 2014 On Amending Federal Law "On Calculating Time". Effective as of after sixty days following the day of the official publication.).
  7. ↑ 7.0 7.1 7.2 7.3 7.4 7.5 Энциклопедия Города России. Moscow: Большая Российская Энциклопедия. 2003. p. 506. ISBN 5-7107-7399-9.
  8. ↑ Почта России. Информационно-вычислительный центр ОАСУ РПО. (Russian Post). Поиск объектов почтовой связи (Postal Objects Search) (Russian)
  9. ↑ Russian Federal State Statistics Service (May 21, 2004). "Численность населения России, субъектов Российской Федерации в составе федеральных округов, районов, городских поселений, сельских населённых пунктов – районных центров и сельских населённых пунктов с населением 3 тысячи и более человек" [Population of Russia, Its Federal Districts, Federal Subjects, Districts, Urban Localities, Rural Localities—Administrative Centers, and Rural Localities with Population of Over 3,000] (XLS). Всероссийская перепись населения 2002 года [All-Russia Population Census of 2002] (in Russian). Retrieved August 9, 2014.
  10. ↑ Demoscope Weekly (1989). "Всесоюзная перепись населения 1989 г. Численность наличного населения союзных и автономных республик, автономных областей и округов, краёв, областей, районов, городских поселений и сёл-райцентров" [All Union Population Census of 1989: Present Population of Union and Autonomous Republics, Autonomous Oblasts and Okrugs, Krais, Oblasts, Districts, Urban Settlements, and Villages Serving as District Administrative Centers]. Всесоюзная перепись населения 1989 года[All-Union Population Census of 1989] (in Russian). Институт демографии Национального исследовательского университета: Высшая школа экономики [Institute of Demography at the National Research University: Higher School of Economics]. Retrieved August 9, 2014.
  11. ↑ 11.0 11.1 Snytko et al., p. 85
  12. ↑ 12.0 12.1 Snytko et al., p. 87
  13. ↑ Snytko et al., p. 93
  14. ↑ 14.0 14.1 Snytko et al., p. 240
  15. ↑ Холмский район (in Russian). Администрация Холмского муниципального района. 2012. Retrieved March 2, 2012.
  16. ↑ Памятники истории и культуры народов Российской Федерации (in Russian). Russian Ministry of Culture. Retrieved March 3, 2011.
  17. ↑ Rdeysky Monastery
  18. ↑ Музей Холмского района (in Russian). МУК "Музей истории Холмского района". Retrieved March 3, 2012.

Sources