Kedah Malay
| Kedah Malay | |
|---|---|
| Region | Malaya |
| Ethnicity | Kedahan Malay |
Native speakers | 2.6 million (2004)[1] |
| Language codes | |
| ISO 639-3 |
meo |
| Glottolog |
keda1251[2] |
Kedah Malay or Kedahan (Also known as Pelat Utara or Loghat Utara 'Northern Dialect') is a variety of the Malayan languages mainly spoken in the northwestern northern Malaysian states of Perlis, Kedah, Penang, and northern Perak and in the southern Thai provinces of Trang and Satun, where it is called "Satun Malay" (มลายูถิ่นสตูล). Speakers in Trang are most heavily influenced by Thai language.[3]
Kedahan Malay can be divided into several dialects, namely Kedah Persisiran (standard), Baling or Kedah Hulu, Kedah Utara, Perlis-Langkawi, Penang and some others outside Malaysia. See Malayan languages for a comparison of Kedah Persisiran and Baling dialects.
The main characteristic of Kedahan Malay is the -a final vocal is pronounced as /ɑ/ such as /a/ in "dark", which is varied from standard Malay -a that pronounced as /a/. Other characteristics of the dialect are final consonant -r is pronounced as -q and final consonant -s is pronounced as -ih (e.g.:Lapar = Lapaq (Hungry), Lepas = Lepaih (release, after) ) while initial and middle r are guttural.
Some word examples of Kedahan Malay:
| Kedahan Malay (Standard Subdialect) | Standard Malay (Malaysia) | English | German (Deutsch) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Ayaq | Air | Water | das Wasser |
| Hat/Hak | Yang | Which/That | was/der/die/das/den/dem |
| Hang | Kamu, Engkau | You (singular) | du/dich/dir |
| Habaq | Khabar, Beritahu | Say/Tell | sagen |
| Cek | Saya, Kamu | I, You (singular) | ich/mich/mir |
| Depa | Mereka | They, Them | sie/ihnen |
| Angpa | Kalian | You (plural) | ihr/euch |
| Sepa (only used in certain areas) | Kami | We/Us | wir/uns |
| Pi | Pergi | Go | gehen |
| Mai | Datang, Mari | Come | kommen |
| Awat, Pasaipa | Mengapa | Why | warum |
| La | Sekarang | Now | jetzt |
| Sat | Sebentar, Sekejap | Moment (to wait) | moment |
| Mengkala | Bila/Apabila | When | wann/wenn |
| Ketegaq | Degil, Keras Kepala | Stubborn | eingefleischt/verstockt |
| Jom (widely used in Malaysian Malay) | Ayuh, Mari | Let's go | komm |
| Kot (widely used in Malaysian Malay) | Mungkin, Barangkali | Maybe/Probably | vielleicht |
| Gerek | Basikal (also used by Kedahan Malay that reside in urban area) | Bicycle | das Fahrrad |
| Mertun | Tukul | Hammer | der Hammer |
| Tenggalung | Baling | Throw | werfen/schmeißen |
| Ghabat | Panjat | Climb | klettern/steigen |
| Ligan | Kejar | Chase | nachjagen/wegjagen |
| Loq Laq | Tak senonoh | Indecent | unmoralisch |
| Ketit | Gigit kecil | Nibble | knabbern |
| Tokak | Gigit | Bite | beißen |
| Berlemuih | Comot | Grubby | schmuddelig |
| Beretuh | Terlanggar | Bump/Hit | stoßen |
| Hawing | Baling | Throw (usually something big) | werfen (etwas groß) |
| Kupang | Puluh sen | -ty cent(s) (example: ten cents, fifty cents etc.) | -zig Cent (z.B. zehn Cent, fünfzig Cent usw.) |
| Jenuh | Susah | Burdensome (usually refers to an action) | lästig |
| Toyu | Kicap | Soy sauce | die Sojasoße |
| Celuih | Muat | Fits | passen |
| Kutey | Cubit | Pinch/Tweak | kneifen |
| Mangkaq (vulgar) | Bodoh | Stupid/Dimwit | dumm/dämlich |
| Darai | Pondan | Transvestite | der Transvestit |
| Taboh | Pukul/Tampar | Hit/Beat (someone) | schlagen (jemand) |
| Tauk | Buang | Get rid | loswerden |
| Tokua | Tauhu | Tofu | das Tofu |
| Cengey | Garang | Aggressive/Fierce | aggressiv |
| Keciwi | Teruja/Menunjuk-nunjuk | Show off/ Boast | großtun |
See also
- Kedahan Malay
References
- ↑ Kedah Malay at Ethnologue (18th ed., 2015)
- ↑ Nordhoff, Sebastian; Hammarström, Harald; Forkel, Robert; Haspelmath, Martin, eds. (2013). "Kedah Malay". Glottolog. Leipzig: Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology.
- ↑ "as they often do, their dialect is" - My library - Google Books. Books.google.co.uk. Retrieved 2012-02-20.
External links
| ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||