Karakachan (dog)

Karakachan

Karakachan
Other names Каракачанско куче, Каракачанска Овчарка (Karakachansko Kuche, Karakachanska Ovcharka) [the second translates to 'karakachan shepherd dog']
Country of origin Bulgaria
Dog (Canis lupus familiaris)

The Karakachan is a breed of dog that originated in Bulgaria as a mountain livestock guardian dog. Other names are Bulgarian Shepherd and Thracian Mollos. The dog is named after the Karakachans, Balkan Greek nomadic shepherds. Due to their conservative stock-breeding traditions, they have preserved some of the oldest breeds of domestic animals in Europe: the Karakachan sheep, Karakachan horse and the Karakachan dog.

In the past, this Mountain dog was widely used in Bulgaria as a border army watchdog. Nowadays it is used primarily as a livestock guardian dog and property guard dog. The most numerous populations of working purebred livestock guarding Karakachan dogs are found in Bulgaria and the United States. The Karakachan was officially approved as a Bulgarian old native breed in 2005. The Karakachan dog may be a descendant of ancient Balkan domestic dogs, possibly since the time of the Thracians. In ancient Thracian treasures, figures were found of big, longhaired guardian dogs with curled tails. The Karachan is part of the origin of the Bulgarian Shepherd dog, with which it should not be confused.

Breed standard

The official breed standard was written in 1991 and approved in 2005 by the State Commission for Animal Breeds within Ministry of Agriculture of Republic of Bulgaria. The breed has Certificate for recognition № BG 10675 P2. Below is presented the text of the official breed Standard.

History

The Karakachan dog is one of Europe's oldest breeds. It is a typical Mollos, created for guarding its owner's flock and property; it does not hesitate to fight wolves or bears to defend its owner and his family in case of danger. Its ancestors started forming as early as the third millennium BC. The Karakachan dog is a descendant of the dogs of the Thracians,[1] renowned as stock-breeders. The dog is named after the Karakachans. Due to their conservative stock-breeding traditions, they managed to preserve some of the oldest breeds of domestic animals in Europe - the Karakachan sheep, the Karakachan horse, and, of course, the Karakachan dog. It is with this name that the Karakachan dog appears in the works of some of the classics of Bulgarian literature, namely Yordan Yovkov, Georgi Raitchev and Yordan Radichkov. In 1938 H.B. Peters wrote about it in the German cinologycal magazine "Zeitschrift für Hundeforschung" [Zentralblatt für Kleintierkunde und Pelztierkunde "Kleintier und Pelztier", Verlag Dr. Paul Schöps, Leipzig]. The first researcher of the breed was Todor Gajtandjiev, who proposed the standardization of the breed in the 1970s. The Karakachan dog's bravery and dignity, together with its incredible loyalty, make this dog an invaluable friend and helper.

Etymology

The word karakachan is derived from 2 Turkish words kara and kaçan, kara means black and kaçan means the one that got away. Therefore the word karakaçan has the meaning: the black one that got away [2]

Appearance

Karakachan dogs guarding the flock

Important proportions: The length of the body measures the same as the height at withers + X%

Behaviour / temperament: proud, domineering, wary to strangers, brave and intelligent dog of tough, steady and independent character. It has a typical deep solid bark.

Head

Cranial region: The skull is broad and massive; the upper profile is slightly rounded with a shallow furrow on the forehead; the occipital bone is slightly pronounced. The supercilliary arches are only slightly developed. The axes of the muzzle and the cranial region are parallel.

Stop: Visible but not emphasized.

Facial region

Body

Tail

Not very high set. It reaches to the hock joints but can also be short by birth. The coat on tail is long and rough. In repose it hangs low or the tip is curved. In movement or when the dog is alert, it is carried over the back in sabre form or curled.

A native shepherd dog from Sredna gora region

Limbs

Gait/movement

Long reaching. Preferred movement is the springy trot.

Skin

Thick, elastic and closely fitting. No flabs apart from a slight dewlap along the lower (ventral) part of the neck. The nose leather and the visible mucus membranes should be black-pigmented and for red-white dogs should be brown.

Coat

Quality of hair: In hair length there are two types:

Over the neck, withers, croup, at the back of legs, and on the tail the hair is long and rough. The topcoat is straight and stiff. Over the head and the front part of the legs the hair is short and close-fitting. Heavy undercoat.

Colour of hair: Two or tricolour, with spots. Most desired are clearly defined dark spots on white or big white spots on dark.

Height at the withers

Weight

Faults

Any departure from the foregoing points should be considered a fault and the seriousness with which the fault should be regarded should be in exact proportion to its degree.

Eliminating faults

N.B. Male dogs should have two apparently normal testicles fully descended into the scrotum.

Karakachan dog at work

Effectiveness

Karakachan dog guarding sheep herd in Pirin Mtn.

The Karakachan belongs to the rare livestock protection breeds. The dogs are effective at flock protection against predation and theft. Since 1998, there have been three cases of successful predator attacks in the flocks provided with dogs for this project. In one flock of 650 sheep, four had been killed, but this was due to the shepherds dividing the flock in half during grazing, and one half had been left without dogs.

The Karakachan dog is strictly territorial. It accepts the flock as its territory, wherever it is. Being close to the flock, they become visibly aggressive if the flock is threatened. If a stranger tries to remove an animal from the flock, the dogs will become seriously aggressive. However, when a flock is passing through a village the dogs walk calmly without paying attention to people. There is another reason for the lack of accidents: the tradition of guarding livestock with big, aggressive dogs has always existed in Bulgaria. Everyone knows about them and people simply avoid the flocks, so conflicts do not occur. Also there are dogs, which are not really aggressive towards people, but in the same time are excellent guards against other animal predators. The trends in breeding these dogs are to produce offspring less aggressive towards people.[3]

Karakachan dogs are large, long-haired, massive dogs with a well-developed musculature and well-expressed sexual dimorphism. Males are a minimum of in height; females at least 60 cm. Karakachan dogs are used as herding dogs to escort and guard sheep and goat herds in Bulgaria. Since 2004, Karakachan dogs guard successfully livestock on many farms in the U.S.

Creation of new breeds

The Karakachan dog is also used for the creation of new breeds. In the last 15 years, the Karakachan dog has been used by some amateur dog fans in Bulgaria to create a new big show breed, the Bulgarian Shepherd dog, with which the Karakachan dog should not be confused. These are cross-breeds of Karakachan dogs with giant breeds such as Caucasian Ovcharka, Central Asian Ovcharka, Moscow Watchdog, Saint Bernard, Landseer and Newfoundland. The goal is to create giant, heavy dogs similar in coloration to the native Karakachan dog. These new dogs are bred mostly as pets.

Popular culture

When U.S. President George W. Bush visited Bulgaria in 2003, Bulgarian site presented him with a karakachan shepherd. The Bulgarian Prime Minister Boyko Borisov gave a Karakachan dog, called Buffy to Russian PM Vladimir Putin as a gift in 2010.

Notes

  1. ↑ BIOTECHNOL. & BIOTECHNOL. EQ. 23/2009/SE XI ANNIVERSARY SCIENTIFIC CONFERENCE SPECIAL EDITION/ON-LINE KARYOLOGICAL DATA ABOUT THE BULGARIAN NATIVE DOG BREED “KARAKACHAN DOG”
  2. ↑ Turkish Language Institution
  3. ↑ Sider Sedefchev: The Karakachan Dog - Continuation of an old Bulgarian Tradition in: CDPNews No 9, December 2005

References

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Karakachan.

External links