Kaechon internment camp

Kaechon internment camp
Chosŏn'gŭl 개천 제14호 관리소
Hancha 价川第十四號管理所
Revised Romanization Gaecheon Je14ho Gwalliso
McCune–Reischauer Kaechŏn Che14ho Kwalliso
Chosŏn'gŭl 개천 정치범수용소
Hancha 价川政治犯收容所
Revised Romanization Gaecheon Jeongchibeom Suyongso
McCune–Reischauer Kaechŏn Chŏngch'ibŏm Suyongso

Kaechon internment camp (Hangeul: 개천 제14호 관리소, also spelled Kae'chŏn or Gaecheon) is a forced labor camp in North Korea for political prisoners. The official name is Kwan-li-so (Penal-labor colony) No. 14. It is not to be confused with Kaechon concentration camp (Kyo-hwa-so No. 1), which is located 20 km (12 mi) to the northwest. This place is commonly known as Camp 14.

Location

Pyongyang
Kaechon
Location of Kaechon camp in North Korea

The camp was established around 1959,[1] in central North Korea near Kae'chŏn county, South Pyongan Province. It is situated along the middle reaches of Taedong river, which forms the southern boundary of the camp, and includes the mountains north of the river, including Purok-san. Bukchang, a concentration camp (Kwan-li-so No. 18) adjoins the southern banks of the Taedong River. The camp is about 155 km2 (60 sq mi) in area, with farms, mines and factories threaded through steep mountain valleys.[2] [3]

Description

Imprisonment at Kaechon internment camp is for life with no chance of release.[4] Prisoners are forced to do hard labour and have to work until they die. So called "politically unreliable" people and their families are deported, without any trial, to the camp,[1] where prisoners live completely isolated from the outside.

The camp is approximately 155 km2 (60 sq mi) in area.[5] The camp includes overcrowded barracks that house males, females, and older children separately, and a headquarters with administration and guards housing.[6] Altogether around 15,000 prisoners live in Kaechon internment camp.[7]

According to Blaine Harden, Shin Dong-hyuk went to primary and secondary school inside the camp. The secondary school was "little more than slave quarters from which he was sent out as a rock picker, weed puller and dam labourer." This education did not include even basic information about North Korea since all outside information was cut off to inmates of the camp. The personality cult around Kim Il-Sung and Kim Jong-Il was also absent; for example there were no portraits of the Kim leaders on display.[8] The camp was self-contained and self-sufficient.[9] The camp was near a hydro-electric dam and mines in which the prisoners were forced to labour. In one of Shin's prison cells, where he was held during an interrogation, he said he had electricity and running water. Shin's mother lived in a house with multiple rooms in a "model village" within the camp, given to women who had children.[10]

Purpose

The main purpose of Kaechon internment camp is to keep politically unreliable persons classed "unredeemable"[1] isolated from society, and exploit them with hard manual labor.[11][12] Those sent to the camp include officials perceived to have performed poorly in their job, people who criticize the regime and anyone suspected of engaging in “anti-government” activities.[13] Prisoners have to work in one of the coal mines, in one of the factories that produce textiles, paper, food, rubber, shoes, ceramics and cement or in agriculture.[7]

Human rights situation

Many prisoners of the camp were born there under North Korea's "three generations of punishment". This means anyone found guilty of committing a crime, which could be as simple as trying to escape North Korea, would be sent to the camp along with that person's entire family. The subsequent two generations of family members would be born in the camp and must also live their entire lives and die there. As reported by witnesses, the prisoners have to do very hard and dangerous work in mines and other workplaces from 5:30 in the morning until midnight.[14] Even 11-year-old children have to work after school and may see their parents rarely.[15] People are forced to work like slaves and are tortured in case of minor offences. The punishment for violating camp rules ranges from such punishments of having the tip of one's finger cut off, to being tortured for months, to death.[16][17]

Food rations are very small, consisting of salted cabbage and corn, so that the prisoners are very skinny and weak. Many die of undernourishment, illness, work accidents, and the aftereffects of torture. Many prisoners resort to eating frogs, insects, rats, and snakes to try to survive.[1][16] Eating rat flesh helps to prevent pellagra, a common disease in the camp which results from the absence of protein and niacin in the diet. In order to eat anything outside of the prison-sanctioned meal, including these animals, prisoners must first get permission from the guards.[1]

Imprisoned witnesses

Shin Dong-hyuk

Shin's official biography Escape from Camp 14 is based on interviews given to journalist Blaine Harden. In January 2015, Shin changed some aspects of his story.[18] It was reported that Harden would be revising the book to reflect these changes.[18]

Shin Dong-hyuk (born in Kaechon in 1982 as Shin In Geun;[1] escaped 2005) was born in the camp. His father was imprisoned because two of the father's brothers defected to South Korea during the Korean War.[1][16][19] Shin gave testimony of human rights abuses inflicted on him and witnessed by him as prisoner in Kaechon camp:[1][16]

Kim Yong

Kim Yong (1995–1996 in Kaechon, then in Bukchang) was imprisoned when his relationship (which he covered up) to his father and brother, who both were executed as alleged US spies, was identified.[7] He witnessed approximately 25 executions in his section of the camp within less than two years.[32]

See also

References

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.6 1.7 1.8 1.9 Blaine Harden (16 March 2012). "How one man escaped from a North Korean prison camp". The Guardian. Retrieved 4 February 2013.
  2. ↑ "Committee for Human Rights in North Korea: Satellite Imagery of the North Korean Gulag: Kwan-li-so No. 14 Kaechon Overview, p. 209" (PDF). Retrieved 2012-12-07.
  3. ↑ North Korean Human Rights: Prison Camps in 2012..., ned.org; accessed October 30, 2014.
  4. ↑ United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees. "UNHCR Refworld: Korean gulag escapee speaks out". Unhcr.org. Retrieved 2012-12-07.
  5. ↑ Harden, Blaine (July 20, 2009). "N. Korea's Hard-Labor Camps: On the Diplomatic Back Burner". The Washington Post.
  6. ↑ "Committee for Human Rights in North Korea: Satellite Imagery of the North Korean Gulag: Kwan-li-so No. 14 Kaechon Headquarters" (PDF). p. 211. Retrieved 2012-12-07.
  7. ↑ 7.0 7.1 7.2 "Committee for Human Rights in North Korea: The Hidden Gulag (Section: Testimony Kwan-li-so No. 14 Kaechon, p. 48)" (PDF). Retrieved 2012-12-07.
  8. ↑ Harden, Blaine (2012). Escape from Camp 14: One Man's Remarkable Odyssey from North Korea to Freedom in the West. Mantle. pp. xi, 7–8, 34–35, 38, 62, 114, 175, 186, 193, 209. ISBN 9780230754683.
  9. ↑ Harden, Blaine (2012). Escape from Camp 14: One Man's Remarkable Odyssey from North Korea to Freedom in the West. Mantle. pp. 30, 88. ISBN 9780230754683.
  10. ↑ Harden, Blaine (2012). Escape from Camp 14: One Man's Remarkable Odyssey from North Korea to Freedom in the West. Mantle. pp. 24, 60, 66. ISBN 9780230754683.
  11. ↑ "Prison Camps of North Korea - Camp 14 Kaechon", U.S. State Department Bureau of Democracy, Human Rights and Labor, retrieved January 15, 2015
  12. ↑ "Torture, starvation, infant execution in N. Korea prison camps exposed to UN panel", RT (Russia Today), August 20, 2013, retrieved January 15, 2015
  13. ↑ "End horror of North Korean political prison camps". Amnesty International. May 4, 2011. Retrieved January 15, 2014.
  14. ↑ Yang Jung A (2007-07-03). "My Mother is Executed. Yet I am not sad.". Daily NK. Retrieved 2012-12-10.
  15. ↑ Sang-Hun, Choe (July 9, 2007). "Born and raised in a North Korean gulag". The New York Times.
  16. ↑ 16.0 16.1 16.2 16.3 16.4 16.5 16.6 16.7 16.8 16.9 16.10 Anderson Cooper (February 18, 2014). "UN witness describes horrors of North Korea (Anderson Cooper’s remarkable interview with Shin Dong-hyuk, who was born in "Camp 14", a North Korean gulag described in a UN Human Rights report)". 60 Minutes Overtime.
  17. ↑ Shin Dong-Hyuk (December 1, 2008). ""A Glimpse of Horror", Radio Free Asia". Rfa.org. Retrieved 2012-12-07.
  18. ↑ 18.0 18.1 Anna Fifield (17 January 2015). "Prominent N. Korean defector Shin Dong-hyuk admits parts of story are inaccurate". Washington Post.
  19. ↑ "Life Funds for North Korean Refugees (NGO): I was a Political Prisoner at Birth in North Korea". Northkoreanrefugees.com. 1982-11-19. Retrieved 2012-12-07.
  20. ↑ Evie Salomon (February 18, 2014). "UN witness describes horrors of North Korea". WECT.
  21. ↑ 21.0 21.1 21.2 "North Korea: Political Prison Camps". Amnesty International. May 4, 2011. Retrieved November 22, 2011.
  22. ↑ Choe Sang-Hun (July 9, 2007). "Born and raised in a North Korean gulag". The New York Times. Archived from the original on March 29, 2012. Retrieved March 29, 2012.
  23. ↑ "Escape From "Total-Control Zone", North Korea’s Papillon". Daily NK. May 11, 2007. Retrieved April 25, 2011.
  24. ↑ "IV. Findings of the commission: E. Arbitrary detention, torture, executions, enforced disappearance and political prison camps", Report of the Commission of Inquiry on Human Rights in the Democratic People's Republic of Korea, United Nations Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights, February 17, 2014, p. 236, retrieved January 9, 2015
  25. ↑ "Escapee Tells of Horrors in North Korean Prison Camp". Washington Post. December 11, 2008.
  26. ↑ "IV. Findings of the commission: E. Arbitrary detention, torture, executions, enforced disappearance and political prison camps", Report of the Commission of Inquiry on Human Rights in the Democratic People's Republic of Korea, United Nations Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights, February 17, 2014, p. 241, retrieved January 9, 2015
  27. ↑ "IV. Findings of the commission: E. Arbitrary detention, torture, executions, enforced disappearance and political prison camps", Report of the Commission of Inquiry on Human Rights in the Democratic People's Republic of Korea, United Nations Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights, February 17, 2014, p. 243, retrieved January 9, 2015
  28. ↑ "Born and Raised in a North Korean Prison Camps". ABC News. October 30, 2007. Retrieved March 26, 2012.
  29. ↑ "Medical Report and History of Shin Dong-hyuk". Life Funds for North Korean Refugees. July 9, 2007. Retrieved March 26, 2012.
  30. ↑ 30.0 30.1 "I was a Political Prisoner at Birth in North Korea". Life Funds for North Korean Refugees. Retrieved April 25, 2012.
  31. ↑ "IV. Findings of the commission: E. Arbitrary detention, torture, executions, enforced disappearance and political prison camps", Report of the Commission of Inquiry on Human Rights in the Democratic People's Republic of Korea, United Nations Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights, February 17, 2014, p. 234, retrieved January 9, 2015
  32. ↑ "The Hidden Gulag – Exposing Crimes against Humanity in North Korea’s Vast Prison System (pp. 51-52)". The Committee for Human Rights in North Korea. Retrieved April 25, 2012.

External links

Further reading

Coordinates: 39°34′16″N 126°03′20″E / 39.571086°N 126.055466°E